Cancer Registration: Principles and Methods - IARC

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156 P. Boyle and D.M. Parkin where ri = number of cases of the cancer of interest in the age group i in the study group A simpler formula may be used as a conservative approximation to formula (1 1.32), provided that the fraction of cases due to the cause of interest is quite small: s.e.(log PIR) = I/,@ (1 1.33)
Statistical methods for registries 157 From the data in Table 14, using expression (1 1.32), the standard error can thus be calculated as : s.e.(log PIR) = and using .the approximate formula (1 1.33) 325 03 r = 0.033 545 1 s.e.(log PIR) = -- F- 0.043 Breslow and Day (1987) do not recommend that statistical inference procedures be conducted on the PIR; questions of statistical significance of observed differences can be evaluated with the confidence interval. To obtain 95% confidence interval for a PIR of 2.03 (Example 15), and using the s.e.(log PIR) calculated by using expression (11.32) PIR = 2.03 log PIR = 0.708 95% confidence interval for log PIR = 0.708 + (1.96 x 0.033) 95% confidence interval for PIR = 1.90, 2.17 Relationships between the PIR and SIR Because calculation of the PIR does not require information on the population at risk, a raised PIR does not necessarily mean that the risk of the disease is raised, merely that there is a higher proportion of cases due to that cause than in the reference population. The relationship between the PIR and the SIR has been studied empirically by several groups (Decouflk et al., 1980 ; Kupper et al., 1978 ; McDowall, 1983 ; Roman et al., 1984). In practice, it is found that for any study group PIR = SIR SIR (all cancers) The ratio SIR/SIR (all cancers) is termed the relative SIR. Thus, a relative SIR of greater than 100 suggests that the cause-specific incidence rate in the study population is greater than would have been expected on the basis of the incidence rate for all cancers. A consequence of this is that the PIR can be greater than 100 whilst the SIR is less, or vice versa. Table 15 shows an example from the Israel cancer registry (Steinitz et al., 1989). In this example, Asian-born males have a lower incidence of cancer (all sites) than the reference ~opulation (here 'all Jewish males'), resulting in an SIR (all cancers) of 77%. They also have a lower SIR for lung cancer than all Jewish males (86%). However,
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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATI
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Contents Foreword .................
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Foreword The maintenance of a regis
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2 Introduction and an increased exp
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4 G. Wagner the first time to elimi
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6 G. Wagner International Symposium
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8 0. M. Jensen and H.H. Storm made
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k d Table 2. Worldwide variation in
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O.M. Jensen and H.H. Storm Hodgkin
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O.M. Jensen and H.H. Storm ~i~ure 2
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16 O.M. Jensen and H.H. Storm 1oo.0
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0. M. Jensen and H. H. Storm Figure
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O.M. Jensen and H.H. Storm -44 year
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Chapter 4. Planning a cancer regist
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24 0. M. Jensen and S. Whelan parti
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26 0. M. Jensen and S. Whelan Numbe
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28 0. M. Jensen and S. Whelan Concl
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30 J. Powell sources, firstly, to p
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32 J. Powell reports. If a histolog
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34 J. Powell needs but conserving t
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36 J. Powell Health insurance (work
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38 J. Powell episodes-that is, with
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The disadvantages are : - the quali
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42 J. Powell (c) medical doctors in
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44 R. MacLennan Table 1. Basic info
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codes (population groups, occupatio
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48 R. MacLennan morphology (item 21
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50 R. MacLennan or convention to th
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facilities and to the acceptance of
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54 R . MacLennan second generation
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56 R. MacLennan Item 18 : Certainty
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2. Carcinoma in situ Intraepithelia
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code allocated as item 20 should re
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Hospital registries will wish to el
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Chapter 7. Classification and codin
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66 C.S. Muir and C. Percy Primarily
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68 C.S. Muir and C. Percy obtained
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70 C.S. Muir and C. Percy Topograph
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Table 2. Coding of selected cancers
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CIassification and coding of neopla
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CIassiJication and coding of neopla
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ClassiJication and coding of neopla
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Class$cation and coding of neoplasm
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Manual and computerized cancer regi
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New notification I Manual and compu
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Disk storage Manual and computerize
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Chapter 9. Quality and quality cont
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Quality and quality control 103 It
Page 111 and 112: Consistency checks Quality and qual
Page 113 and 114: Standards Quality and quality contr
Page 115 and 116: 0. M. Jensen and H. H. Storm 109 th
Page 117 and 118: Reporting of results 111 Evaluation
Page 119 and 120: Reporting of results 113 should giv
Page 121 and 122: 171 Connective tiaaue 1 3 5 11 10 1
Page 123 and 124: - 0 - 0 - m o m m L O N I O I O O o
Page 125 and 126: Reporting of results Number of case
Page 127 and 128: Reporting of results Figure 5. Age-
Page 129 and 130: Reporting of results Dlgestlve orga
Page 131 and 132: Reporting of results Year of diagno
Page 133 and 134: Statistical methods for registries
Page 161: Statistical methods for registries
Page 165 and 166: Chapter 12. Analysis of survival D.
Page 167 and 168: Passive follow-up Analysis of survi
Page 169 and 170: Analysis of survival Table 1 - cont
Page 171 and 172: Table 2. Calculation of observed su
Page 173 and 174: Table 3. Calculation of the correct
Page 175 and 176: Analysis of survival 169 Table 4. C
Page 177 and 178: Analysis of survival 171 In the cal
Page 179 and 180: Analysis of survival 1 73 Table 6.
Page 181 and 182: Analysis of survival Deaths : cases
Page 183 and 184: Chapter 13. The hospital-based canc
Page 185 and 186: The hospital-based cancer registry
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 14. Cancer registration in
Page 193 and 194: Cancer registration in developing c
Page 205 and 206: Chapter 15. Cancer registration: le
Page 207 and 208: Cancer registration: legal aspects
Page 209 and 210: Computer Cancer registration : lega
Page 211 and 212: Cancer registration: legal aspects
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Cancer registration : legal aspects
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Appendix I Botswana Brazil British
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Appendix 1 Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname
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Appendix 2 213 Some of these edits
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Appendix 2 Table 1 - continued (Not
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Table 2. Example of a SEER site/his
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- Appendix 2 219 Follow-up status (
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Appendix 3(a) 221 (c) statistics on
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Appendix 3(a) 223 presence of tumou
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Appendix 3(a) the hospital record.
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Appendix 3(a) 227 REVERSE SIDE OF N
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Appendix 3(a) REVERSE SIDE OF NOTIF
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Data from CPR, i.e. vital Warning o
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Appendix 3(a) 233 place of residenc
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Appendix 3(a) 235 maintained for ta
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Appendix 3 (b) The Thames Cancer Re
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SURGERY Appendix 3(b) TREATMENT OF
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Appendix 3(b) 241 supervised by the
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Appendix 3(b) 243 first for direct
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Appendix 3(b) 245 maintaining an ef
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Appendix 3(c) 247 information on ca
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Appendix 3(c) 249 Pathology reports
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Appendix 3(c) HOSPITAL DISCHARGES L
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Appendix 3(c) Table 1. Groupings of
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Appendix 3(c) 255 several sources a
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Appendix 3(c) 257 resulted in a can
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Appendix 3(d) medical records (in-p
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Appendix 3(d) MOST VALID BASIS OF D
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Appendix 3(d) 263 -malignancies usu
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Appendix 3(d) abstract. For recorde
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Appendix 4. CANREG: Cancer registra
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Appendix 4 Table 1. CANREG internal
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Appendix 4 271 0 Page 1 Patient Nam
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Appendix 4 273 -an operating system
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References Acheson, E. D. (1967) Me
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References 277 oncology services. T
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References International Agency for
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References 281 Official Statistics
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References 283 Sieveking, G. H. (19
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Subject Index Access to data, 202,
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Subject Index International Classif
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Cancer Registration: Principles and Methods - IARC

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