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Environmentally Degradation of r-PMMA/PMMA-Blend-PU/Ecoflex Sheet 1041 (a) (c) (b3) (d3) (b5) (d5) Fig. 3 SEM micrographs of r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet (× 1,000: scale bar = 10 m), tested before and after degradation in the period of six months; (a) Before degradation 3% r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU; (b3) after degradation 3% r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU + EF 3 phr; (b5) after degradation 3% r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU + EF 5 phr; (c) before degradation 4% r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU; (d3) after degradation 4% r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU + EF 3 phr; (d5) after degradation 4% r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU + EF 5 phr. appeared on the fracture surface of r-PMMA/ PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet. EF lead feature of specimens to crevice indicate the specimens were damaged [11]. These ester cleavage behavior significant affect on decreased of weight loss depend on degradation period [12, 13]. In addition to humidity, the EF was conducted specimens to absorbed humidity in soil that influence specimens swelled. Considering the results of surface morphology by scanning electron microscope of r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet shown that surface morphology of specimens were damaged. 4. Conclusions The impact modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet with polyurethane by using IPNs technique and mixed r-PMMA and Ecoflex to recycled plastic garbage and accrued potential of biodegradation respectively. The results was shown that the highest
1042 Environmentally Degradation of r-PMMA/PMMA-Blend-PU/Ecoflex Sheet mechanical properties was observed at ratio of MMA:r-PMMA:PU (71:4:25)/3 EF. According to the percentage of IPNs, it showed the maximum value in this condition. When considered the results as potential of biodegradation, it showed that r-PMMA/ PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet from this research could be degraded in soil by landfills method. Towards, after landfills for 6 months, percentages of weight loss were increased upon to amount of Ecoflex. In addition to this, the SEMs image shown the surface morphology of specimens were damaged. That illustrated Ecoflex had an effect on r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet in potential biodegradation due to swelled by humidity and microbial enzymatic activity in soil. However, the impact strength of r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet from this research was better than the GPPMMA from industry. Hence, the r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet can be utilized as the impact materials for variable application with potential in biodegradation and r-PMMA can reduce the costs of raw material in PMMA casting process. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge with thanks for financial support from the iTAP (Industrial Technology Assistance Program), NSTDA (National Science and Technology Development Agency). Special thanks to the National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC) and Pan ASIA Industrial Co., Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand for supplying the materials and equipment were used in this research. References [1] N. Kreua-ongarjnukool, K. Charmorndusit, S. Pankumnead, J. Rotpradit, The impact modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet by using polyurethane, Thai Patent 0701001014, 2007. [2] K. Chamondusit, C. Sriprachuabwong, S. Pongchaloen, S. Rodium, A study and preparation of transparent impact styrene—methyl methacrylate by casting process, Thai Patent 0601102635, 2006. [3] L.H. Sperling, Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 1st ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2004, pp. 288-306. [4] T. Jeevananda, I. Siddaramaiah, Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline filled PU/PMMA interpenetrating polymer network, European Polymer Journal 39 (2003) 569-578. [5] U. Witt, T. Einig, M. Yamamoto, I. Kleeberg, W.D. Deckwer, R.J. Műller, Biodegradation of aliphatic-aromatic copolyester: Evalution of the final biodegradable and ecotoxological impact of degradation intermediate, Chemosphere 44 (2001) 289-299. [6] S. Panyadee, Recycling PMMA scrap in casting process, B.Sc. Special Project, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, KMUTNB (King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok), Bangkok, 2008. [7] C. Vancaeyzeele, O. Ficheta, S. Boileaub, D. Teyssie, Polyisobutene-poly (methyl methacrylate) interpenetrating polymer network: Synthesis and characterization, Journal of Polymer 46 (2005) 6888-6896. [8] P.S.O. Patricio, Effect of blend composition on microstructure, morphology, and gas permeability in PU/PMMA blends, Journal of Membrane Science 271 (2006) 177-185. [9] ASTM D 256, Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2010. [10] ASTM D 6110, Standard Test Methods for Determining the Charpy Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2010. [11] M.R. Timmins, D.F. Gilmore, R.C. Fuller, R.W. Lenz, Bacterial polyesters and their biodegradation, Biodegradable Polymer and Packaging 11 (1993) 119-130. [12] E. Marten, R.J. Műller, W.D. Deckwer, Studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis of polyesters II aliphatic-aromatic copolyester, Polymer Degradation and Stability 88 (2005) 371-381. [13] J.P. Eubeler, M. Bernhard, S. Zok, T.P. Knepper, Environmental biodegradation of synthetic polymer I. test methodologies and procedures, Trends in Analytical Chemistry 28 (2009) 1057-1072.
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