draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
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Table 2.18: Old Omagua Interrogative Pronouns<br />
mania<br />
maRiamai<br />
aw1R1(ka) 79<br />
maRai 80<br />
makati<br />
maniamai<br />
awa<br />
maRaiRa<br />
maraikua<br />
maniasenuni<br />
how<br />
how<br />
how many<br />
what<br />
where<br />
which<br />
who<br />
why<br />
why<br />
why<br />
Oblique-licensing postpositional nominal enclitics front with the interrogative word, and in such<br />
cases =tipa ∼ =pa attach outside <strong>of</strong> these morphemes, as in (2.46). Reflexes <strong>of</strong> all forms except<br />
maRiamai ‘how’ and maniasInuni ‘why’ are attested synchronically. The form maniamai synchronically<br />
means ‘what type <strong>of</strong>’, and not ‘which’.<br />
(2.46) maRipupetipa Dios yaw1k1 upakatu maRainkana?<br />
maRi =pupe =tipa Dios yaw1k1 upa =katu maRain =kana<br />
what =instr =interr God make all =intsf thing =pl.ms<br />
‘With what did God make all things?’<br />
(example (5.3a))<br />
Note the compositionality <strong>of</strong> the Old Omagua words for ‘why’, which are based on maRai ‘what’<br />
and mania ‘how’, the latter <strong>of</strong> which in its function in “why-words” we gloss as ‘what action’.<br />
Proto-Omagua-Kokama words for ‘why’ can be reconstructed as in Table 2.19, with a quadripartite<br />
distinction based on the word class <strong>of</strong> the questioned constituent and whether or not it is the purpose<br />
or cause <strong>of</strong> an event in question. The ‘Response’ column indicates the morpheme that attaches to<br />
the relevant constituent in the response.<br />
Table 2.19: Proto-Omagua-Kokama Words for ‘why’<br />
POK Response Questioning Translation<br />
*maRaiRa =Ra purpose in order for what thing<br />
*maRaikua =ikua cause because <strong>of</strong> what thing<br />
*maniasenuni =senuni purpose in order for what action<br />
*maniaikua =ikua cause because <strong>of</strong> what action<br />
The distinctions between these forms have nearly collapsed completely in the modern languages,<br />
with maniasenuni having fallen out <strong>of</strong> modern Omagua entirely, and neither maniasenuni or maniaikua<br />
attested in Kokama-Kokamilla. However, some distinctions are preserved in Old Omagua.<br />
Namely, answers to questions with maRaiRa are nominal and marked by =Ra (synchronically a purposive<br />
that appears only on nouns), and answers to questions with maniasenuni are verbal and<br />
37
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