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Map 9: Kaladan Multi-Modal Project Map Source: Mizzima, Aung Marm Oo, "Indian Look East Policy and the Kaladan Project of Western Burma," January 24, 2013 The project has three components: (a) developing the Sittwe port to facilitate sea transport between Kolkata and Sittwe (539 kms); (b) developing the inland waterway transport between Sittwe and Setpyitpyin (Kaletwa), which is about 225 kms; and (c) Setpyitpyin to India-Myanmar border road transportation which is about 62 kms. 13 In April 2008, India and Myanmar signed an agreement on the Kaladan multi-modal project. Two years later, in April 2010, Essar India Ltd was awarded the contract for port construction and for inland water works. 14 The project is facing numerous challenges such as underestimation of road length and the absence of effective inter-ministerial co-ordination. The Indian Ministry of Power’s proposals to construct hydroelectric projects on tributaries of the Kaladan River have raised concerns about the navigability of the river in the coming years. 15 The joint statement issued during Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s visit to Myanmar in May 2012, however, “expressed satisfaction at the steady progress being made on the Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Transport Project.” 16 It is anticipated that the construction work pertaining to Sittwe port will be completed by 2013, 17 but there is no clear timeline yet for project completion. 13 “The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project,” available at http://www.mdoner.gov.in/content/ introduction-1 14 Ibid. 15 Sandeep Dikshit, “India-Myanmar Transport Project Hits Roadblock,” The Hindu, May 2, 2012, available at http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indiamyanmar-transport-project-hits-roadblock/article3377718.ece. 16 “Joint Statement on the occasion of the visit of Prime Minister of India Dr Manmohan Singh to Myanmar,” Press Information Bureau, Government of India, May 28, 2012, available at http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease. aspx?relid=84517. 17 Shrimati Preneet Kaur, “Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 4435,” Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, September 07, 2012, available at http://www.mea.gov.in/loksabha.htm?dtl/20588/ Q4435+Kaladan+Project. 90 | Asia’s Arc of Advantage
Trilateral Highway Map 10: India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway A trilateral ministerial meeting on transport linkages, held in Yangon in April 2002, proposed the idea of a Trilateral Highway connecting India, Myanmar and Thailand. 18 The project links Moreh (India) with Mae Sot (Thailand) through Bagan (Myanmar). In May 2002, providing details of the project, India’s Minister of External Affairs stated that the trilateral highway would be completed within the timeframe of two years and that two task forces had been constituted to operationalise the project. 19 More than a year later, in December 2003, the Foreign Ministers of India, Myanmar and Thailand met in New Delhi and came up with a threephase implementation process, under which all the parties agreed to strengthen the road networks in their respective countries. As per the decisions of the meeting, India was to complete 78 kms of missing links in phase-I, explore the possibility of upgrading an additional 132 kms and prepare project reports for the construction of a bridge and causeway across the Irrawaddy River. 20 However, the project has continued to face innumerable delays. During his visit to Myanmar in May 2012, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated that India would repair/upgrade 71 bridges on the Tamu-Kalewa friendship road and upgrade the Kalewa-Yargyi road segment to highway standard. 21 A new deadline, Map Source: India Briefing, "India-Myanmar Sign Key Trade and Development Deals," May 29, 2012. of 2016 for the completion of the Trilateral Highway, and the revival of the India-Myanmar- Thailand Joint Task Force, was also announced during the visit. The Joint Task Force at its 18 “India-Myanmar-Thailand Joint Task Force Meeting on the Trilateral Highway Project,” Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, September 11, 2012, available at http://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases. htm?dtl/20541/IndiaMyanmarThailand+Joint+Task+Force+Meeting+on+the+Trilateral+Highway+Project. 19 “Minister for External Affairs responds to Q. 0632 - Trilateral Highway Project Connecting India,” Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, May 09, 2002 available at http://www.mea.gov.in/rajya-sabha. htm?dtl/9440/Q+0632++Traileteral+Highway+Project+Connecting+India. 20 “Briefing Points for Ministerial Meeting on Trilateral Highway Project among India-Myanmar-Thailand,” Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, December 23, 2003, available at http://www.mea.gov.in/ media-briefings.htm?dtl/4904/Briefing+Points+for+Ministerial+Meeting+on+Trilateral+Highway+Project +among+IndiaMyanmarThailand. 21 “Joint Statement on the occasion of the visit of Prime Minister of India Dr Manmohan Singh to Myanmar,” Press Information Bureau, Government of India May 28, 2012, available at http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease. aspx?relid=84517. India-ASEAN Connectivity: A Strategic Imperative | 91
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A REPORT OF THE ICRIER WADHWANI CHA
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ICRIER Wadhwani Programme of Resear
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VI.i “Connecting East : The Myanm
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The ICRIER Wadhwani Chair is please
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vi | Asia’s Arc of Advantage
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space, even though some would argue
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Recommendations The “Emerging Asi
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• Based on their regional experie
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List of Maps Map 1: The Indo-Pacifi
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ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting ASSM ASEAN
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TPP TTR UNCLOS UNCTAD US USPACOM US
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Indian side and 10 on the ASEAN sid
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I.ii Advancing India-US-ASEAN Co-op
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Maritime Security and HADR Given th
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I.iii India’s ‘Look East’ and
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Concrete Next Steps Under instructi
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easons. The lack of historical bagg
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17. Prof. G.V.C. Naidu, Professor a
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II INDIA’S ROLE IN SHAPING ASIAN
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“strategic bet” 3 on the develo
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tendency to cite ‘strategic auton
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However, these declarations of inte
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Chart 1: Average Increase in Percen
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Table 1: GDP Projections of Seven L
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V. Security Issues Since 2010, Chin
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power. It also holds that within As
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Secretary Kerry’s visit to China
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institution for political and strat
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Reconnecting to Southeast Asia The
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global Cold War issues. When the AS
Page 62 and 63: co-operation. Although the pace of
Page 64 and 65: While the theoretical debate on the
Page 66 and 67: Naval ships from India, Australia,
Page 68 and 69: of communication for unfettered mov
Page 70 and 71: South China Sea are the subject of
Page 72 and 73: Chinese Aircraft Carrier Liaoning S
Page 74 and 75: China Sea issue, only to be publicl
Page 76 and 77: Philippine Navy flag officer-in-com
Page 78 and 79: Prime Ministers Manmohan Singh and
Page 80 and 81: Whatever the domestic motivations o
Page 82 and 83: IV. i EAST ASIA SUMMIT MEMBER STATE
Page 84 and 85: Crucially, the numbers incorporated
Page 86 and 87: Chart 6: East Asian Summit Member S
Page 88 and 89: 3500 Chart 10: Air Force Aircraft (
Page 90 and 91: Map 6: APEC Member Economies Table
Page 92 and 93: partner, Japan and Korea responded
Page 94 and 95: Korea were invited to be part of th
Page 96 and 97: decisions that would have regional
Page 98 and 99: a community.” 37 Prime Minister K
Page 100 and 101: The Second East Asia Summit in Cebu
Page 102 and 103: political construct. 58 Such robust
Page 104 and 105: decade will be to lock in a substan
Page 106 and 107: them to the status of objects, rath
Page 108 and 109: VI INDIA-ASEAN CONNECTIVITY: A STRA
Page 110 and 111: China is by far the largest investo
Page 114 and 115: meeting in September 2012 decided t
Page 116 and 117: and ASEAN by combining physical con
Page 118 and 119: mill. 38 It should be noted that in
Page 120 and 121: South Korean companies are now seek
Page 122 and 123: US officials have forcefully advoca
Page 124 and 125: • Support for democratic institut
Page 126 and 127: Executive Summary and Key Recommend
Page 128 and 129: with the downsides of greater conne
Page 130 and 131: • Research collaboration among th
Page 132 and 133: B. Executive Summary of “ASEAN-In
Page 134 and 135: under construction and the projects
Page 136 and 137: Figure 4: Selected Infrastructure P
Page 138 and 139: 3-3. A Regional Framework A regiona
Page 140 and 141: construction work has just started
Page 142 and 143: Figure 7: Economic Corridors, 47 De
Page 144 and 145: WELCOMING India’s consistent supp
Page 146 and 147: efforts to strengthen cooperation i
Page 148 and 149: D. Recommendations by ASEAN-US Emin
Page 150 and 151: and delivered by September 30, 2013
Page 152 and 153: Socio-Cultural The Leaders should r
Page 154 and 155: About the Authors and Contributors
Page 156: Ted Osius Ted Osius is currently a
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