Download

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The governance in sport(s) A sensemaking approach of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in French sport events – how do organizers make sense of CSR? Author: Mathieu Djaballah. E-mail: mathieu.djaballah@u-psud.fr Co-authors: Michel Desbordes, Christopher Hautbois. University of Paris-XI – Faculty of Sports Science. 1. Research question Research on corporate social responsibility (csr) has dramatically grown over the past two decades, but has only reached sport management in recent years. Nonetheless, professional sport organizations, as well as big sport events are relevant fields when investigating csr, notably because their characteristics may allow authors to refine existing models. According to Weick (1995), organizational sensemaking occurs when organizations are faced with uncertainty and/or ambiguity. In an uncertain environment, managers are unable to provide any interpretation of the situation. In an ambiguous situation, they are confused by too many interpretations. Given that the sport sector’s features are divided into unique internal resources (identification, admiration, passion – Babiak & Wolfe, 2009) and ear-splitting external pressures (scandals relating to doping, hooliganism or environmental impacts of major sport events), we suggest that sport event organizers are mostly faced with ambiguous environment. Indeed, there are multiple “cues” (see Weick, 1995) related to csr: institutional forces such as public and federal sport policies, internal drivers such as the proximity between certain kinds of sports and nature, strategic patterns such as cause-related marketing. Organizers are therefore confronted with different interpretations that blur decision-making: how do they make sense of their role with regards to csr? 2. Theoretical background Sensemaking theory describes organizations as searching for the meaning of csr (Angus-Leppan et al., 2009). As Basu & Palazzo (2008) noted, while much of the literature on csr is focused on csr content, there is a need for a more process based approach, focusing on « the mental frames and sensemaking processes within which csr is embedded ». In line with this approach, we suggest sensemaking theory can respond to several limits of both institutional and strategic approaches yet borrowing some of their singular contributions. Firstly, while one can find empirical evidence of both institutional and strategic factors in the environment, the two approaches fail why some will have a direct influence on csr and others won’t. We suggest that analysing the three steps of the sensemaking process, knowingly scanning-interpretation-action, can explain how informations are selected and, in some cases, rejected from the process leading to csr actions. Secondly, among the seven properties proposed by Weick to define sensemaking, retrospection may provide a more dynamic vision of drivers influencing decisions: for example, although an event originally implemented csr due to institutional pressures, organizers can develop a more strategic view retrospectively, while realizing the benefits of these actions (energy savings, activation of new partnerships). 3. Methodology, research design and data analysis Our methodology is based on case studies with theoretical sampling (Eisenhardt, 1989). We selected six events based on the type of organizers (institutional, private and associative). We collected data from semi-structured interviews with both organizers and three categories of stakeholders: private sponsors, public partners and associative partners. Data where analysed through an interpretative framework composed of six dimensions drawn up on a literature review and collapsed into the three steps of the sensemaking process: csr drivers and csr legitimacy (scanning); level of csr strategy and csr praxis (interpretation), csr practices and csr outcomes (action). 4. Results, discussion and implications First results show that that the dimensions of the sensemaking process tend to cluster around two ends of a continuum. The one end, labelled “constrained sensemaking”, occurs when organizers are compelled to conform to the role perceived by their stakeholders. It seems to be associated to external csr drivers, moral legitimacy, a low level of csr strategy and a “do no harm” csr praxis. The other end, labelled “demonstrative sensemaking”, emerges when organizers manage to control their stakeholders’ perceptions. It seems to be linked to internal csr drivers (but sponsors can also trigger demonstrative sensemaking through cause related marketing), pragmatic and cognitive legitimacy, a high level of csr strategy and a “do good” csr praxis. We see both academic and practical implications of this study. From a research perspective, our work seeks to better understand how responsible practices in sport events derive from the meaning organizers give to csr. For example, antidoping programs will only be seen as part of csr when the sensemaking process is based on external pressure and moral legitimacy, leading to a “do no harm” praxis. From a practical stance, this study includes reflexions about the development of norms as prevalent csr tools. We suggest that csr norms like ISO 20121 or ISO 26000, for they are based on the normative compliance to a standardized view of csr, could be useful for constrained sensemaking events but not necessarily for demonstrative sensemaking events. 5. References Angus-Leppan, T., Metcalf, L.A. & Benn, S.H. (2010). Leadership styles and CSR practice: An examination of sensemaking, institutional drivers and CSR leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 189-213. Babiak, K., & Wolfe, R. (2009). Determinants of corporate social responsibility in professional sport: Internal and external factors. Journal of Sport Management, 23(6), 717-742. Basu, K. & Palazzo, G. (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Process Model of Sensemaking. Academy of Management Review, 33, 122-136. 124 Abstract book
The governance in sport(s) Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review, 14, 532-550. Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. www.easm2012.com 18-21 September 2012, Aalborg, Denmark 125
Page 1:
The 20th EASM conference Sport betw
Page 4 and 5:
Disclaimer: The organiser takes no
Page 6 and 7:
Welcome Welcome from the President
Page 8 and 9:
Scientific Committee EASM 2012 - Sc
Page 10 and 11:
Scientific Committee Dr. James P Sa
Page 12 and 13:
Youth Olympics Youth Olympics 12 Ab
Page 14 and 15:
Youth Olympics Between institutiona
Page 16 and 17:
Youth Olympics Stuck in structure -
Page 18 and 19:
Youth Olympics McDonnell, I. / Al
Page 20 and 21:
Leadership Issues in Sport Organisa
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Tourism and Leisure Sport Managemen
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Global Sporting Events FIFA World C
Page 38 and 39:
Global Sporting Events Olympics and
Page 40 and 41:
Global Sporting Events Leveraging t
Page 42 and 43:
Global Sporting Events A lasting le
Page 44 and 45:
Global Sporting Events [4] Kursche
Page 46 and 47:
Global Sporting Events A Football C
Page 48 and 49:
Global Sporting Events Economic imp
Page 50 and 51:
Global Sporting Events Host Residen
Page 52 and 53:
Sport fans Sport fans 52 Abstract b
Page 54 and 55:
Sport fans Hill, B. & Green, B.C.
Page 56 and 57:
Sport fans Predictors of team ident
Page 58 and 59:
Sport fans Sports fans’ psycholog
Page 60 and 61:
Sport fans Exploring the stability
Page 62 and 63:
Sport fans Profiling visitors of no
Page 64 and 65:
Sport fans Relationship between spe
Page 66 and 67:
Marketing in and through Sport The
Page 68 and 69:
Marketing in and through Sport A co
Page 70 and 71:
Marketing in and through Sport Nort
Page 72 and 73:
Marketing in and through Sport Acad
Page 74 and 75: Marketing in and through Sport Faci
Page 76 and 77: Marketing in and through Sport A va
Page 78 and 79: Marketing in and through Sport Mana
Page 80 and 81: Marketing in and through Sport Spor
Page 82 and 83: Marketing in and through Sport Evi
Page 84 and 85: Marketing in and through Sport Fa
Page 86 and 87: Marketing in and through Sport Exte
Page 88 and 89: Marketing in and through Sport Are
Page 90 and 91: Sport policy providing them an att
Page 92 and 93: Sport policy Swedish elite sport at
Page 94 and 95: Sport policy Elite sport success st
Page 96 and 97: Sport policy Effectiveness of sport
Page 98 and 99: Sport policy Is it Turkey’s turn
Page 100 and 101: Sport policy Comparative analysis o
Page 102 and 103: The governance in sport(s) The gove
Page 104 and 105: The governance in sport(s) www.a
Page 106 and 107: The governance in sport(s) Where ne
Page 108 and 109: The governance in sport(s) Limit on
Page 110 and 111: The governance in sport(s) analyse
Page 112 and 113: The governance in sport(s) The impa
Page 114 and 115: The governance in sport(s) The deve
Page 116 and 117: The governance in sport(s) “What
Page 118 and 119: The governance in sport(s) Modernis
Page 120 and 121: The governance in sport(s) Examinin
Page 122 and 123: The governance in sport(s) New hori
Page 126 and 127: The governance in sport(s) Ethical
Page 128 and 129: The governance in sport(s) Competen
Page 130 and 131: The governance in sport(s) Johnst
Page 132 and 133: The governance in sport(s) Porter,
Page 134 and 135: Volunteering in sport Challenges fo
Page 136 and 137: Volunteering in sport The significa
Page 138 and 139: Volunteering in sport Examining the
Page 140 and 141: Volunteering in sport Understanding
Page 142 and 143: Participation in sport. Strategies
Page 164 and 165: Operation and management of sports
Page 172 and 173: Sport, media and journalism Sport,
Page 174 and 175:
Sport, media and journalism Sports
Page 176 and 177:
Sport, media and journalism Social
Page 178 and 179:
Other sport management related issu
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Workshop: The contribution of scien
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Workshop: Elite sport organisation
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Workshop: Sport policy the signific
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Workshop: London 2012 success and f
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Workshop: University teaching in sp
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Workshop: Governance of internation
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Workshop: Volunteering in sport Vol
Page 254 and 255:
Workshop: Volunteering in sport Cha
Page 256 and 257:
Workshop: Volunteering in sport Und
Page 258 and 259:
Workshop: ESMQ 2013 Special Issue:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
New Researcher Award 276 Abstract b
Page 278 and 279:
New Researcher Award and co-supervi
Page 280 and 281:
New Researcher Award Sport and new
Page 282 and 283:
New Researcher Award Decision-makin
Page 284 and 285:
New Researcher Award in Manchester
Page 286 and 287:
New Researcher Award The challenge
Page 288 and 289:
New Researcher Award simple but cri
Page 290 and 291:
Poster presentations Scientific sup
Page 292 and 293:
Poster presentations Green, M.; O
Page 294 and 295:
Poster presentations How winning or
Page 296 and 297:
Poster presentations Evaluation of
Page 298 and 299:
Poster presentations Evaluation of
Page 300 and 301:
Poster presentations Volunteering i
Page 302 and 303:
Poster presentations Lean thinking
Page 304 and 305:
Poster presentations Corporate soci
Page 306 and 307:
Poster presentations The legal orde
Page 308 and 309:
Poster presentations Quaresma, L.
Page 310 and 311:
Poster presentations Perceived foot
Page 312 and 313:
Poster presentations I.R. Iran Wres
Page 314 and 315:
Poster presentations Social respons
Page 316 and 317:
Poster presentations Effects of the
Page 318 and 319:
Poster presentations Light, R. (20
Page 320 and 321:
Poster presentations The roles of p
Page 322 and 323:
Index Index: Adams Andrew 99 Alay S
Page 324 and 325:
Index Donnelly Paul 147 Downward Pa
Page 326 and 327:
Index Kondrashin Alexander 317 Kön
Page 328 and 329:
Index Phelps Sean 68 Phillips Alex
Page 330 and 331:
Index Westerbeek Hans 21, 227, 230
Page 333 and 334:
A strong voice in sport based on th
Page 335:
Begivenhedernes centrum
show all

Download

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?