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Participation in sport. Strategies and challenges Masters, K. S., Ogles, B. M., & Jolton, J. A. (1993). The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: The motivations of marathoners scales (MOMS). Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 64, 134–143. Scanlan, T. K., Russell, D. G., Magyar, T. M., & Scanlan, L. A. (2009). Project on elite athlete commitment (PEAK): III. An examination of the external validity across gender, and the expansion and clarification of the sport commitment model. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 685–705. 152 Abstract book
Participation in sport. Strategies and challenges Runners: types, identity and club affiliation Author: Peter Forsberg Institution: Danish Institute for Sport Studies E-mail address of author: peter.forsberg@idan.dk Keywords: participation, typologies, running, recreational running, motives, identity, club Background Recreational running is the biggest physical activity in Denmark among adults (16+) and has witnessed a boom since the 1990s, as has also been seen in other European countries (van Bottenburg, 2006). In 1993 nine percent of Danes ran regularly, and by 2007 this had increased to one out of four Danes (Pilgaard, 2009). Despite many people running regularly, only a limited number of runners do so in organized clubs. 85 percent of Danish runners run self-organized and only seven percent are member of an athletic club. Objectives With this background a study was conducted on behalf of the National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark (DIF) and the Danish Athletic Federation (DAF) to help determine how DIF and DAF can raise club participation among runners. With this intention the study contributes important knowledge about runners in Denmark. It does so by giving answers to questions that address what peoples’ motives are for running, what their ambitions are regarding running, how they organize running, what they wish to gain from a club membership and what their running habits are. Methods The study is based on a survey with 4,052 runners and is supported by interviews and focus group interviews with runners. The survey was conducted as an internet questionnaire comprising 59 questions. About half of the respondents were club members, and the ability to compare members with non-members was important in processing the results. Results/conclusion With inspiration from Vos, Scheerder, Boen & Feys (2008), the study´s findings divide runners in to five different types: the traditional runner, the social runner, the challengeseeking runner, the self-organized runner and the health runner. The types differ in their motives for running, organization of running and running habits. One of the main findings in the study is that runners alternate between different ways of organizing running. 76 percent of the runners in the survey run alone, together with peers or colleagues and/or in a club. Only 14 percent only run alone. Interestingly the study also finds that runners vary according to the emphasis they put on running as part of their identity and hereby adds important knowledge by identifying factors that influence runners in their choice to become club members. The role identity plays for the different types of runners is closely linked to their motives and running habits, and the study shows that identity seems to be a paramount factor in the runner’s decision to become a club member or not. Clubs are mainly for the most dedicated runners for whom running is a big part of their identity. Even though half the non-members have considered club membership only few runners do join a club. According to the findings in this study this might be to do with the fact that athletic clubs primarily cater for the most dedicated runners which makes new beginners and less dedicated runners feel that the clubs are not for them. Therefore the study concludes that it is only by working with the different types of runners and putting forward tailor-made offers accordingly that clubs can increase memberships among runners. With this conclusion DIF and DAF have decided on a project with the aim of getting 10.000 new runners as members of athletic clubs by the end of 2013 (an increase in DAF members of 25 percent). References Pilgaard, M. (2009). Sport og motion i danskernes hverdag. København: Idrættens Analyseinstitut. van Bottenburg, M. (2006). The second running wave. On the growth and size of the running market and how the KNAU can further develop its market share. ´s- Hertogenbosch: W.J.H Mulier Institute. Vos, S. & Scheerder, J. Boen, F. & Feys J. (2008). A typology of runners. Implications for marketing strategies (Paper presented at the 16 th congres of the European Association for Sports Management (EASM); Heidelberg; September 10-13, 2008). In: H. Preuss & K. Geminder (Eds.). Book of abstracts. (pp. 321-323). Heidelberg/Bayreuth: University of Heidelberg & University of Bayreuth. www.easm2012.com 18-21 September 2012, Aalborg, Denmark 153
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The 20th EASM conference Sport betw
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Disclaimer: The organiser takes no
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Welcome Welcome from the President
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Scientific Committee EASM 2012 - Sc
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Scientific Committee Dr. James P Sa
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Youth Olympics Youth Olympics 12 Ab
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Youth Olympics Between institutiona
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Youth Olympics Stuck in structure -
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Youth Olympics McDonnell, I. / Al
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Leadership Issues in Sport Organisa
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Tourism and Leisure Sport Managemen
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Global Sporting Events FIFA World C
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Global Sporting Events Olympics and
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Global Sporting Events Leveraging t
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Sport fans Sport fans 52 Abstract b
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Sport fans Hill, B. & Green, B.C.
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Sport fans Predictors of team ident
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Sport fans Sports fans’ psycholog
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Sport fans Exploring the stability
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Sport fans Profiling visitors of no
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Marketing in and through Sport The
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Sport policy providing them an att
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Sport policy Swedish elite sport at
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Sport policy Elite sport success st
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Sport policy Effectiveness of sport
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Sport policy Is it Turkey’s turn
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Sport policy Comparative analysis o
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Workshop: ESMQ 2013 Special Issue:
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New Researcher Award and co-supervi
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New Researcher Award Sport and new
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New Researcher Award Decision-makin
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New Researcher Award in Manchester
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New Researcher Award The challenge
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Poster presentations Scientific sup
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Poster presentations Green, M.; O
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Poster presentations How winning or
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Index Index: Adams Andrew 99 Alay S
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Index Donnelly Paul 147 Downward Pa
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Index Kondrashin Alexander 317 Kön
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Index Phelps Sean 68 Phillips Alex
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Index Westerbeek Hans 21, 227, 230
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A strong voice in sport based on th
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Begivenhedernes centrum
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