Fatigue Management

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F oreword I am interested in your question whether there is time to consider the ‘psychology of our environment.’ It is because we do not consider psychology enough that we are taking so long to win the war. Personally, I have always found it pays well to consider closely the psychology not only of the enemy but also of my own troops to study the factors which affect his actions and reactions and how to employ those factors to our advantage, and also to study the methods of keeping up the morale and the fighting spirit of our own soldiers. Indeed, it is psychology all along the line. Lieutenant General Sir John Monash letter to Dr Felix Meyer from the Western Front, April 1918 Australian military commanders have always recognised the importance of psychology to operational effectiveness. The human dimension is, and will continue to be, critical to performance in military operations. At times we are in danger of forgetting this. In order to be effective, commanders must understand the complexity and diversity of human nature and behaviour. They must be able to anticipate the impact of various events on the morale, cohesion and performance of the personnel under their command and upon opposing forces. They must be familiar with appropriate strategies for dealing with non-military personnel who are increasingly common in field operations. They should be able to accurately gauge levels of confidence and commitment within their unit and understand how humans react to adversity and threat. In short, commanders are applied psychologists. This document is one in a series focused on psychological aspects of military operations. The series is coordinated by personnel from the Defence Force Psychology Organisation but draws together the expertise and experience of military members throughout the Australian Defence Force, past and present. The results are thought provoking and pragmatic. I commend the series to you. vii
During the Yom Kippur war, an Israeli Lieutenant was ordered to hold a critical position with three tanks. In a short time, two of the tanks were destroyed, but he continued to fight using his lone tank, destroying eight Syrian tanks in the next six hours. By this time, he had to replace his driver, who had become a virtual robot, unable to comprehend orders. After another eight hours, the Lieutenant had destroyed another ten tanks and had replaced another driver who had been overcome by the moral effect of combat. After a total of twenty-four hours, and the destruction of twenty-four tanks, he saluted his Brigade Commander and said: "I can do no more." Then he fainted. He was an incredibly brave man who was all used up. General Richard Cavazos Leadership on the Future Battlefield Symposium Keynote Address, May 1983 viii
Page 2 and 3: Fatigue Management During Operation
Page 4 and 5: O verview Soldiers on operations wi
Page 6: The most important steps to take in
Page 11 and 12: Night Vision Goggles and Fatigue 54
Page 13 and 14: xii
Page 15 and 16: sleep. An unconscious state regular
Page 17 and 18: Feeling tired has always been a com
Page 19 and 20: xviii
Page 21 and 22: With frequent food, how long can yo
Page 23 and 24: Three examples of the cyclic variat
Page 25 and 26: Dreams and Nightmares As mentioned
Page 27 and 28: On average, adults in Australia sle
Page 29 and 30: c. reduction in the restorative val
Page 32 and 33: Chapter Two Sleep Loss and Disrupti
Page 34 and 35: I have rarely met with the two o'cl
Page 36 and 37: Insomnia also occurs frequently dur
Page 38 and 39: on rapid deployment forces. Indeed,
Page 40 and 41: Front-line soldiering could be as m
Page 42 and 43: Chapter Three Fatigue in the Milita
Page 44 and 45: Signs of Fatigue Effective fatigue
Page 46 and 47: . Group Processes. Chronic fatigue
Page 48 and 49: Decreased Vigilance. Soldiers becom
Page 50 and 51: Chapter Four Leadership Issues By t
Page 52 and 53: My company commanders in Korea were
Page 54 and 55: In spite of stress and difficulty,
Page 56 and 57: Meanwhile Brigadier Taylor (22 Aust
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commanders and staff officers who a
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The troops started out tired and un
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Combat Stress Major Brown, Colonel
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Chapter Five Fatigue on Operations
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h. During a 96-hr operation in simu
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In terms of workload, a brief look
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The Contribution of Group Processes
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which are prone to fatigue, for exa
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Listed below are some general point
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Research conducted with 823 soldier
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After their arrival in southern Cro
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The routine really gets to you afte
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There has been a flood of comment,
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Reports were transmitted at the end
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The main ingredients in the prevent
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The most dangerous shift practice I
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Napping It is better for sleep to b
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Chapter Seven Fatigue Management It
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experiencing severe sleep loss effe
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Table 7. Food as a Fatigue Manageme
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For a rifleman, service in a combat
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Table 8 : Observable Behaviours Ind
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Compensating for the Effects of Los
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Chapter Eight C onclusion The sentr
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Recognition of the adverse effects
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Command and Leadership Issues Angus
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Krueger, G. P., Headley, D. B., Bel
Page 115:
Monk, T. (1997). Shift work. In M.
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