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B Dynamic Spreading Radius The dynamic spreading radius of the high-speed impact of single drops on dry surfaces are shown in this appendix. The graphs are clustered by the target angle. (a) (b) (c) Figure B.1.: 30° target. Dimensionless spreading radius r ∗ = r/d 0 , where r is the dynamic spreading radius, and d 0 is the diameter of the impinging drop. 233
(a) 0 µs (b) 8 µs (c) 16 µs (d) 24 µs (e) 48 µs (f) 48 µs Figure B.2.: 45° target. Dimensionless spreading radius r ∗ = r/d 0 , where r is the dynamic spreading radius, and d 0 is the diameter of the impinging drop. 234 B. Dynamic Spreading Radius
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Drop Impact on Dry Surfaces with Ph
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Hiermit versichere ich, die vorlieg
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Fachgebiet Reaktive Strömungslehre
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to non-monotonic threshold impact v
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Splash, einseitiger Splash sowie de
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3.4.2. Calibration of the Infrared
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Nomenclature Latin capitals Unit A
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k angular wavenumber rad m −1 k R
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F G ge i K L lam m max min n opt r
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1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation Aircr
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of the WCE acquired experimentally
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passage was cooled down to −196
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SLD icing conditions have been defi
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−9 ◦ C and layers of freezing r
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adjacent downstream control volume,
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conventional methods. Papadakis et
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Figure 2.5.: Ice horn and clear ice
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This model showed good agreement un
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Xu et al. proposed the following sc
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Figure 2.9.: Splash thresholds of t
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Chen and Wang [28] observed the dro
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2.14 shows. On stainless steel, tin
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years ago [157]. Another peculiarit
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Figure 2.17.: At an ambient pressur
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The temperature needs to be found o
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The Stefan number St S completely c
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T(x, 0) = T A < T m , 0 < x < ∞ b
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Figure 2.20: Fraction of solidifica
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The mathematical description of the
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asal plane. Without all these facto
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Part I. Impact of Supercooled Water
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3 Experimental Setup This chapter i
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drop and the tube as between such t
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of nucleation ice dendrite growth,
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The boundary condition is then 1
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0.021 W m −1 K −1 at −165 ◦
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outlet of the liquid. There are two
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The maximum depth of water in the c
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Figure 3.11.: Pneumatic drop genera
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Figure 3.13.: Pneumatic drop genera
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Adjusting the Pulse Width Longer el
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(a) Shadowgraph imaging (b) The sid
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Figure 3.21.: The cold plate was co
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Figure 3.25.: The transmittance of
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eproducible. The SHS was created by
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Figure 3.30.: Planck’s law The ot
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Figure 3.32.: Heterogeneity of the
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Figure 3.35.: The valid region afte
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Divided by dΩ, Eq. 3.33 is related
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Figure 3.39.: The wavelength depend
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Figure 3.41.: Orientation dependenc
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wavelength, so that the value for r
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Temperature Gradient In light of th
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(a) 0.00 ms (b) 1.39 ms (c) 2.79 ms
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Figure 3.48.: Synchronization syste
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Figure 3.50.: Experimental setup fo
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(a) 0 ms (b) 0 ms (c) 0.6 ms (d) 0.
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Figure 4.2.: The dynamic spreading
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Figure 4.4.: Influence envelope of
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(a) 0 ms (b) 0.4 ms (c) 0.8 ms (d)
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(a) 0 ms (b) 1.39 ms (c) 2.79 ms (d
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(a) 0 ms (b) 0.05 ms (c) 0.1 ms (d)
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(a) −4 ◦ C, at 6.8 ms. (b) −1
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The contact temperature is closer t
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Obviously, the contact temperature
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Figure 4.13.: The dimensionless min
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always after the receding reached t
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Part II reports the experimental in
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to realize a high-speed rotation of
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Figure 5.2.: Impact surface with di
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Various such devices were developed
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than the values reported in literat
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Figure 5.7.: The monodisperse drop
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This performance is a reminiscence
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Figure 5.11.: The merging distance
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signal and the excitation signal of
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The analogy with a capacitor led to
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The real situation in the applicati
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Figure 5.15.: Static electric field
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Figure 5.19.: Phase shift and pulse
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disadvantage is that the number of
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Zoom Lens Working Distance Spatial
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the impact surface was not a sharp
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5.5 Synchronization Both single pul
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The last note on these two pulse tr
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Figure 5.28.: Calculation of the im
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6 Results and Discussion This chapt
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(a) 0 µs (b) 2 µs (c) 4 µs (d) 6
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high impact velocities approaching
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(a) 32 µs (b) 84 µs (c) 100 µs F
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 6.8.: Examinatio
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Our observations show that the lame
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6.3 Velocity of the Uprising Jet In
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(a) 1 µs (b) 3 µs (c) 4 µs Figur
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(a) 0 µs (b) 8 µs (c) 32 µs Figu
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(a) 45° target (b) 75° target (c)
Page 202 and 203: Nevertheless, the drop volume was e
Page 204: was surface tension. These factors
Page 207 and 208: the motion of the impinging water,
Page 209 and 210: of the single-side splash, the latt
Page 211 and 212: (a) 0 µs (b) 2 µs (c) 4 µs (d) 6
Page 217 and 218: (a) 0 µs (b) 10 µs (c) 11 µs (d)
Page 235 and 236: A.7 5° target (a) 0 µs (b) 24 µs
Page 251: (a) 0 µs (b) 36 µs (c) 72 µs (d)
Page 255 and 256: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure B.4.
Page 257 and 258: (a) 0 ms (b) 0.4 ms (c) 0.5 ms (d)
Page 259 and 260: (a) 0 ms (b) 0.35 ms (c) 1 ms (d) 1
Page 261 and 262: 2.15.Prompt splash (left) was docum
Page 263 and 264: 3.12.Time t =0 corresponds to the s
Page 265 and 266: 3.31.The extension ring (left) betw
Page 267 and 268: 4.7. Infrared imaging: total reboun
Page 269 and 270: 5.5. The custom made vibrating orif
Page 271 and 272: 5.14.Static electric field between
Page 273 and 274: 6.6. Capillary wave created by the
Page 275 and 276: A.5. Drop diameter: 189 µm, impact
Page 277 and 278: A.29.Drop diameter: 203 µm, impact
Page 280: List of Tables 2.1. MVD of Freezing
Page 283 and 284: Imaging and Computer Simulations. T
Page 285 and 286: [42] GENT, R. W., N. P. DART and J.
Page 287 and 288: [70] KOROLEV, ALEXEI V., GEORGE A.
Page 289 and 290: [99] MUNDO, CHR., M. SOMMERFELD and
Page 291 and 292: [125] RYERSON, CHARLES C., GEORGE G
Page 293 and 294: [153] ŠIKALO Š., C. TROPEA and E.
Page 296: Curriculum Vitae Personal Informati
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