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Addressing Multi-Nutrient Deficiencies through Site-Specific Nutrient Management.................................................... 89 Fertility Mapping and Balanced Fertilization for Sustaining Higher Productivity of Pearl Millet-Wheat Cropping System in Agra District................................................................................................................................................. 89 Site-Specific Nutrient Management for Rice-Wheat in the Punjab.................................................................................. 90 Site-Specific Nutrient Management for Rice-Wheat in Haryana..................................................................................... 90 Site-Specific Nutrient Management for Rice-Maize Systems in Bihar............................................................................ 91 Comparative Evaluation of Nutrient Dynamics under Conventional and No-till Systems of Crop Establishment in Rice-Wheat and Rice-Maize Cropping Systems....................................................................................................... 91 Global Maize Project in India: Ranchi, Jharkhand........................................................................................................... 92 South India Region and Sri Lanka: Dr. T. Satyanarayana................................................................93 Fertility Mapping through Spatial Variability in Rice Growing Soils of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu...................... 93 Site-Specific Nutrient Management for Chilli in Kalliyoor Panchayat of Kerala............................................................ 93 Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency and Profitability in Rainfed Production Systems..................................................... 94 Maximizing Yield of Groundnut Through Improved Nutrient Management Practices in Acid Soils of Orissa.............. 94 Site-Specific Nutrient Management in Maize Growing Districts of Tamil Nadu............................................................. 95 Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) for Maximum Economic Yield and Quality of Transgenic Cotton in Northern Karnataka................................................................................................................................................... 95 Site-Specific Nutrient Management for Optimizing Productivity of Rice-Maize Cropping in the Krishna and Godavari Agro-Climatic Zones of Andhra Pradesh............................................................................................... 96 Global Maize Project in India: Maize-Wheat Cropping System in Northern Karnataka................................................. 96 Southeast Asia...........................................................................................................................................97 Southeast Asia: Dr. Thomas Oberthür.................................................................................................97 Best Management Practice for Maximum Economic Yield in Mature Oil Palm............................................................. 97 Best Management Practice for Maximum Economic Yield in All Growth Stages of Oil Palm....................................... 97 Best Management Practice for Crop Nutrition of Mature Oil Palm................................................................................. 98 Plantation Intelligence to Upscale Best Management Practice in Oil Palm, 2011........................................................... 98 Eastern Europe/Central Asia and Middle East Group..........................................................................99 Eastern Europe/Central Asia: Dr. Svetlana Ivanova..........................................................................99 Evaluation of Potassium Status of Ukrainian Soils on the Basis of Modern Soil Diagnostic Techniques and Development of Recommendations for the Rational and Efficient Application of Potassium Fertilizers............. 99 Southern and Eastern Russia: Dr. Vladimir Nosov..........................................................................101 Nutrient Omission Plots in Spring Wheat in Russia: Omsk Oblast and Republic of Bashkortostan............................. 101 Middle East: Dr. Munir Rusan...........................................................................................................103 Balanced Fertilization of Major Crops in Egypt............................................................................................................. 103 Balanced Fertilization of Major Crops in Syria.............................................................................................................. 103 Note: The following are abbreviations and symbols for nutrients and related terms which appear routinely in the summaries... . on the following pages. N = nitrogen; P = phosphorus; K = potassium; Mg = magnesium; S = sulfur; B = boron; C = carbon; Ca = calcium; Cl - = chloride; Cu = copper; Fe = iron; Mn = manganese; Mo = molydenum; Ni = nickel; Zn = zinc; ppm = parts per million; USD = United States dollar; INR = Indian rupees. 6 IPNI Interpretive Summaries
Special Projects Best Management Practices for Sustainable Crop Nutrition in Bulgaria Project Leader: Margarita Nikolova, University of Forestry, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria. E-mail: nikmargi@gmail.com Project Cooperators: Toni Tomov, Damian Mihalev, Lilia Stanislavova, Dobrinka Pavlova, Svetla Kostadinova, Ivan Manolov, Jivko Jivkov, Nidal Shavan, Milena Yordanova, Maria Apostolova, Kiril Popov, Dimitranka Stoycheva, Damyan Michalev, and Sergei Bistrichanov In 2008, a 5-year project was established in Bulgaria with the general goal of improving cultivation systems in Bulgaria’s agriculture through efficient and sustainable use of plant nutrients. The project involves five Bulgarian organizations: The University of Forestry, Agricultural University, “Nikola Poushkarov” Institute of Soil Science, Executive Soil Resources Agency (Ministry of Agriculture), and the National Plant Protection Service (Ministry of Agriculture). About 50 researchers and discipline specialists take part in the project. Project activities include: 1) Evaluation of soil nutrient status through summarization of past national soil surveys and more recent localized regional surveys; 2) Systematic summarization of past relevant soil fertility research and identification of information gaps; 3) Nutrient omission/addition plot trials on target crops; 4) Development of tools for site-specific nutrient management that deliver updated recommendations to farmers and farmer advisers; and 5) Outreach activities to assure appropriate use of the developed tools. After conducting a soil test survey of pilot regions and creating a GIS database with soil and field data attributes in 2009 and 2010, layers were created with low, medium, and high content of P and K. The emphasis in 2011 was in the Northwest and Southwest parts of Bulgaria where additional soil sampling was conducted to better assess the soil fertility tendencies of these regions. In 2009, an Access database was structured for past soil fertility research and to accommodate new project data. In 2010, data obtained from long-term crop field experiments after 1974 were entered into the database. The archive now consists of data from 87 experiments at 26 sites and 8 main soil types. This (2011) was the third year of field omission/addition field plot trials (NPK or NPKMg as complete treatments). Crops tested were wheat, barley, maize, sunflower, potatoes, tomatoes, pepper, apricots, peaches, chokeberry, and vine grape. Results in 2011 in most cases confirm the tendencies found in previous years but at higher yield levels—most of the tested crops respond to fertilization with the NPK treatment producing the highest yields in many sites. Highly significant interactions among nutrients are being frequently measured with N responses (averaging close to 1 t/ha for wheat) larger than P and K responses for most crops. The project is well on its way to creating the foundation for new fertilizer best management practices for Bulgaria. IPNI-14 Nutrient Expert Development and Assessment Project Leader: Mirasol Pampolino, IPNI Southeast Asia Program, Penang, Malaysia. E-mail: mpampolino@ipni.net Project Cooperators: Ping He (IPNI China Program), Kaushik Majumdar (IPNI South Asia Program), and Shamie Zingore (IPNI Africa Program) This study was started in 2010-11 to evaluate through local partners the Nutrient Expert for Hybrid Maize (NEHM) in farmers’ fields in Indonesia and the Philippines, and to develop, test, and refine new versions of Nutrient Expert (NE) for maize in new geographies (China, South Asia, and Africa) and NE for wheat in China and South Asia. Nutrient Expert for Hybrid Maize (NEHM)—developed in 2009 for favorable, tropical environments—has been adapted for maize growing conditions in South Asia, China, and Africa. NEHM recommendations were tested in farmers’ fields (plot size ≥0.1 ha) against farmers’ fertilizer practice (FFP) in Indonesia and the Philippines. Nutrient Expert for Wheat has been developed for winter wheat for South Asia and for winter wheat and spring wheat for China. Beta versions of NE wheat and NE maize are currently undergoing field testing and evaluation by regional IPNI and local partners in China, India, and Africa (Kenya and Zimbabwe). NE recommendations are tested against state recommendations (SR) and farmer’s fertilizer practices (FFP). Development and evaluation of NE is conducted jointly with local partners and stakeholders. During the 2010-11 maize cropping season, results from 22 farmers’ fields across five sites in Indonesia showed that NEHM increased yield by 0.9 t/ha, which increased profit by USD 270/ha over FFP. Compared with FFP, NEHM recommendations reduced fertilizer P (-4 kg/ha), increased fertilizer K (+11 kg/ha), and did not significantly change fertilizer N. In the Philippines (with data from 31 fields across seven sites), NEHM increased yield by 1.6 t/ha and profit by USD 379/ha compared with FFP. Compared with FFP, NEHM gave higher rates of all three nutrients (+25 kg N/ha, +4 kg P/ha, and +11 kg K/ha), which substantially increased fertilizer costs (USD 64/ha) but still increased profit by about six times the additional investment in fertilizer. In 2011, beta versions of NE maize have been developed for South Asia, China, and Africa. CR-01 IPNI Interpretive Summaries 7
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