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ha for RU and at 105 kg N/ha (50% of the full N rate) for CRU. Agronomic efficiency of both CRU and RU decreased with increasing increments of N application, ranging from 9.5 to 12.6 kg kernels/kg N for CRU and 3.1 to 8.4 kg kernels/kg N for RU. Nevertheless, some of the CRU granules remained intact or with partial N release at harvest time due to protection of the plastic mulch on the soil surface from rainwater infiltration, resulting in inefficient use of CRU by maize and underestimated maize response. Thus, even in this humid climate, the right method of CRU placement needs further study to safeguard complete N release from the coating during the maize growing season. Yunnan - BFDP -11 Response of Winter Rapeseed to Controlled-Release Urea in Sichuan Project Leader: Sun Xifa, Sichuan Agricultural Sciences and Chongqing Ag-tech Extension Center Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan, Chongqing. E-mail: sunxifa@163.com Project Cooperators: Wenqiang Feng and Yusheng Qin The objective of this field experiment was to evaluate the response of winter rapeseed to controlled-release urea (CRU) under rain-fed conditions in Sichuan Basin. The deliverables from the project will be the impact on crop yield, N uptake, and economic benefit. The field experiment in 2011 was conducted on an alluvial loam soil with four N rates (0, 90, 135, and 180 kg N/ha) and three replications. Each rate of N was tested as paired CRU and regular urea (RU) treatments for strict comparison of CRU effect. Two split application treatments were included, one with 40% RU basal at transplanting and 60% RU top dress one-month after transplanting, and the second split used 40% RU and 60% CRU both applied at transplanting. All treatments received equal rates of P and K fertilizers that were used as basal application. Results showed that at the same N rate, the RU treatment always produced much higher or significantly higher rapeseed yield than the CRU treatments. The RU 40%+CRU 60% applied as basal application achieved the highest seed yield among all the treatments. Rapeseed yield increased with an increase in N rate and leveled off when N rate was above 135 kg/ha for RU, but with no yield drop for CRU. This implies that under conditions without irrigation, a dry growing season (accumulative precipitation of 110 mm, but unevenly distributed in 7 months) severely restricted N release from the CRU and thus, rapeseed growth. As a result, CRU could not supply sufficient N to rapeseed no matter what N rates there were in dry season. Accordingly, all the RU treatments had higher N recovery by 4 to 10% and agronomic efficiency by 1 to 2 kg seed/kg N compared with its counterpart CRU treatments. The result further suggested that though CRU is an excellent N fertilizer in wet or irrigation conditions, caution should be taken when it is used under dry season with no irrigation. Sichuan-BFDP-08 Right Fertilizer Timing Promoted Sugarcane Yields in Guangxi Project Leader: Hongwei Tan, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Nanning, Guangxi. E-mail: hwtan@public.nn.gx.cn Project Cooperators: Liuqiang Zhou and Rulin Xie In order to showcase the effect of right fertilizer time on sugarcane yields to growers, industry, technicians, and fertilizer retailers, educational field trials were conducted in a sugarcane base located in Laibin, Guangxi in 2011. The field trials consisted of four treatments with different combinations of fertilizer timing: basal + topdress at tillering stage, basal + topdress at cane elongation stage, basal + topdress at tillering stage and at cane elongation stage, and basal + topdress at seedling stage and at cane elongation stage (the farmers’ practice). All the treatments used the same source and rates of fertilizers: 450-135-320 kg of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O/ha. The trials were used as an on-site training site for the above mentioned groups in 2011. Results showed that the treatment of basal + topdress at tillering stage and at cane elongation stage produced the highest cane yield, 3.7 to 6.0 t/ha (7.8 to 8.5%) more than the farmers’ practice. Net income was increased by USD 468 to 496/ha (7.7 to 8.5%). The other two treatments also increased cane yields and net income compared to the farmers’ practice, but significantly less than the treatment of basal + topdress at tillering stage and at cane elongation stage. Thus, this treatment can be considered as the best timing combination for sugarcane production in Laibin region. The trials convinced local farmers that the effect of properly timing of fertilizers can generate significant improvements in sugarcane yield and net income by using the same fertilizer source and application rates. Guangxi-BFDP-11 66 IPNI Interpretive Summaries
Impact of Improved Nutrient Management on Potato Yield and Quality in Chongqing Project Leader: Wei Li, Ag-Tech Extension Centre, Chongqing, Chongqing. E-mail: dongjiangliwei@sina.com Project Cooperator: Shuai Wang Potato is a staple food for mountain dwellers particularly in Chongqing, accounting for one-fourth of total foodstuff consumed annually. In those remote regions, potato yield and quality are usually low mainly due to shortage of good variety, nutrient management, and other related agronomic practices. Thus, how to improve potato yield and quality through balanced fertilization is of great importance for both better income and human nutrition. For this purpose, two field experiments were conducted on two soils, an acid, yellow earth soil with N and K deficiencies located in Wushan County, and another strongly acid soil (pH 4.1) developed from limestone with N, K, and Ca deficiencies located in Fengdu county. The experiments consisted of 11 treatments with three rates of N (75, 150, and 225 kg/ha at Wushan site; 90, 180, and 270 kg/ha at Fengdu site), four rates of P (0, 37.5, 75, and 112.5 kg P 2 O 5 /ha at Wushan site; 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg P 2 O 5 /ha at Fengdu site ), and four rates of K (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg K 2 O/ha at both sites) and replicated three times. Lime was amended to the strongly acid soil at 1,500 kg/ha. The optimal treatment (OPT) was set at 150- 75-150 kg N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O/ha at Wushan site and at 180-90-150-100 kg N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O-lime/ha at Fengdu site as identified by soil testing. Results showed that potato yields at both sites significantly increased with an increase in N, P, or K rates and reached the highest yield (39.2 t/ha at Wushan and 27.2 t/ha at Fengdu) with the OPT treatment. The OPT produced 2.5 t/ha (6.4%) or 12.2 t/ha (31.2%) of commercial potato tubers more than the omitting P or K treatment at Wushan site, and 5.9 t/ha (22.8%) or 3.4 t/ha (13.3%) more than the omitting P or K treatment at Fengdu site, respectively. Omission of lime from the OPT significantly reduced potato yield by 10.7 t/ha (41.7%), the highest yield reduction in the experiment. It further demonstrated that contents of amino acids, proteins, and starch in potato tuber were generally increased quadratically with an increase in N, P, and K rates. However, vitamin C tended to decrease with increased N rates, while showing a positive response to P rates and not being influenced by K rates. Chongqing-BFDP-11-02 Yield Response of Kidney Bean to Different Nutrients in Guizhou Project Leader: Qing Zhu, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou. E-mail: zhuqing_gy@tom.com The objective of this study was to evaluate different nutrients on yield and quality of kidney bean, one of the main summer vegetables in Guizhou. There were eight fertilizer treatments consisting of no fertilizer (CK), an optimal treatment (OPT) and treatments individually omitting N, P, K, Mg, B, and Mo within the OPT. The results obtained from this experiment and some other related experiments will be used to develop the best nutrient management for kidney bean in the region. Kidney beans responded to all nutrients except Mg in the field experiment. Yields were reduced by 3.64 t/ ha (-14.3%), 5.5 t/ha (-21.7%), and 4.4 t/ha (-17.4%) with omission of N, P, and K, respectively. Omitting Mo and B reduced kidney bean yield by 4.01 t/ha (-15.7%) and 4.07 t/ha (-15.9%), respectively, while omission of Mg only reduced kidney bean yield by 0.7 t/ha (-2.8%). The no fertilization (CK) treatment produced the lowest kidney bean yield of 15.4 t/ha, accounting for 60% of the OPT yield, implying low soil fertility and importance of balanced nutrients amendment to boost kidney bean yield on the studied soils. Quality analysis of kidney beans showed that crude protein content was reduced by 7% and 9% with omission of K and N, respectively, and by 5% with omission of P, Mg, and B each. No influence on kidney bean’s protein content was observed with the omission of Mo. Guizhou-BFDP-11 v IPNI Interpretive Summaries 67
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