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Mosaic At least 3,000 people sought an endorsement from Archbishop Jose Palma of Cebu, president of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference in the Philippians, to get a visa to Italy and attend the canonization of Blessed Pedro Calungsod in October 2012. Many claim they are relations of the saint. The Italian embassy in Manila complained to Palma that he was signing too many endorsements. The Archbishop told them: “It’s my duty to sign, it’s your duty to screen.” Conflicting research theories state that Calungsod’s exact place of origin is uncertain. He is identified only as Bisaya, which refers to a native of Borneo. “Over in Cebu,” commented the Archbishop, “we usually say sainthood is ‘relative.’ If you become a saint, you discover that you have many relatives.” - Contributed by Hedwig Lewis, SJ Stories to tell Source: UCAN Words to ponder “Desolation can truly be seen as a message of support from God to the person. ‘I am here; don’t think you are alone. I haven’t forgotten you or abandoned you. Quite the contrary.’ It is like parents playing hide-and-seek with their children. Desolation should now be thought of as an experience beyond God’s control. The worst desolation in history - that of Good Friday - was anything but out of God’s control. We Christians live today from the discovery that on that terrible day the love of the Lord was stronger than suffering, and from the consequent realisation that the ‘silence of God’ was pregnant with words of hope.” - Antonio Guillén Dates to remember 3 Nov 1614: The vessel which was bringing the right arm of Xavier to Rome miraculously escaped capture by Dutch pirates. 2 Nov 1639: Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine, destroyed the Jesuit colleges and houses because the Fathers had disapproved of his second marriage as his first wife was still alive. 13 Nov 1607: Paul Kostka, brother of St Stanislaus, dies in Poland. He had sought admission to the Society. Fr General Acquaviva had given him leave to enter, but he died while making his preparations. 29 Nov 1773: The Jesuits of White Russia requested the Empress Catherine to allow the Letter of Suppression to be published, as it had been all over Europe. She bade them lay aside their scruples, promising to obtain the Papal sanction for continuing their work. 30 Nov 1642: The birth of Br Andrea Pozzo at Trent, who was called to Rome in 1681 to paint the flat ceiling of the church of San Ignazio so that it would look as though there were a dome above. There had been a plan for a dome but there was no money to build it. Courtesy: www.glasbergen.com Cartoon to giggle at “Your mother and I found out you’ve been blogging. We don’t know what that means, but we’d like you to stop.” JIVAN: News and Views of Jesuits in India OCTOBER 2012 18
Roots By Hedwig Lewis, SJ “Confraternities” have been in existence in the Church since the Middle Ages in all parts of Europe. Their main purpose was mutual aid to their own members, within some religious framework. By the early 16th century, new confraternities, especially in Venice and Rome, shifted their emphasis from mutual aid toward charity to needy nonmembers. Jesuit involvement When Ignatius and his companions first arrived in Rome, confraternities were numerous and established entities. In 1541 Ignatius joined two Confraternities – of the Blessed Sacrament and of the Holy Spirit, for spiritual benefits, like indulgences granted to members. But there is no evidence of his active participation in these. The early Jesuits joined confraternities, but in keeping with Ignatius’ policy they did not take up administrative positions for fear that their availability for ministry would be compromised (Const 651). They collaborated with existing confraternities, helping “reform” them, and founding new ones. They promoted a deeply interiorized ethical and religious life, and infused the spirit of the Spiritual Exercises. The first Jesuit confraternity was founded in 1539-1540 by Peter Faber in Parma. Members, both priests and laymen, bound themselves to spiritual duties and to works of charity, instructions in Christian doctrine, and assistance to criminals condemned to death. The confraternity took the name Compagnia di Gesu. Within a short time some members joined this ‘Society of Jesus’. St Ignatius himself founded a confraternity in Rome in the 1540s of twelve pious men, to collect alms at the sermons of the Fathers in the Chapel of Our Lady of the Wayside and distribute these among the poor. He also founded three specific confraternities, which apart from spiritual practices, respectively attended to the houses of S. Marta for reformed prostitutes; of S. Caterina della Rosa for the daughters of prostitutes; and of catechumens, mainly Jews and Muslims who wished to convert to Catholicism. First Marian Sodality The Roman College founded by St Ignatius in 1551, enrolled Jesuit Ignatian Initiatives for the Laity: Confraternities & Sodalities scholastics and externs from all of Europe. A 27-year-old Belgian Jesuit, Jan Leunis (1535-1584), recently ordained, was appointed in 1662 to teach grammar there to the junior classes. He had about 250 students. In 1563 Fr Leunis, wanting to inculcate “habits of conduct worthy of a Christian” in extern students (see Const 395), formed a group of about 70 interested students which met after school hours for spiritual reading and prayer. At first the group resembled existing confraternities. Within a year, however, it took on a Marian character and the name of ‘Sodaility of Our Lady.’ The boys placed themselves under the patronage of the Virgin Mary, and promised to make it to daily Mass, weekly confession, monthly Communion, as well as to a half-hour meditation every day, and to also “serve the poor”. It was the forerunner and distinct model of all Sodalities of Our Lady that it would give rise to. Unlike confraternities, the sodality did not have a particular dress, functioned privately, with less stringent bonds among members, and by greater freedom of action and expansion A circular letter of 14 July 1564 from Rome to the Whole Society described the nature and composition of the new institution, adding that “one of the Fathers directs” it, even though from among “the older and wiser” boys a prefect was elected. This signalled a shift in the earlier Jesuit policy regarding such bodies. Expansion The Sodality became so popular that students from other classes sought membership. In 1569 it split into two, according to age-groups. Soon there was a third division. The original group was referred to as the Prima Primaria Sodality, (the very first of the three primaries). The Jesuits were glad to support the initiative and soon Sodalities were started in their schools across Europe, especially motivated by those who had studied at the Roman College. They eventually became an integral part of the newly started education system. In 1578 Fr General Claudio Aquaviva issued “Common Rules” for the Sodalities, which were operative for nearly three centuries, and proved to be an important cornerstone for the dynamic developments of Marian Congregations worldwide. In 1584, Pope Gregory XIII confirmed the Prima Primaria Sodality as the Head of all Marian Congregations, in his Bull Omnipotentis Dei. As the first lay association in the Church, it was granted the right of self-government, though juridically, sodalities came under the General Superior of the Society of Jesus. In 1587 Pope Sixtus V, in his Bull Superna Dispositione, provided rights to the Jesuit General to create sodalities among Christian laity universally, which could be affiliated to the Prima Primaria, and enjoy the privileges and indulgences granted to it. Soon, Marian Sodalities aggregated to the “Prima Primaria” were mushrooming by the thousands. Several Popes and numberless canonized saints have belonged to sodalities over the centuries. In 1954 the World Federation of the Sodalities of Our Lady (Marian Congregations) was born. In October 1967, during the 4th Assembly of the Federation, the final draft of the new General Principles, developed through a worldwide consultation, was approved by the 140 delegates from 38 countries. This marked a re-founding of the Sodalities: they were given a new name, Christian Life Communities. • JIVAN: News and Views of Jesuits in India OCTOBER 2012 19
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Page 16 and 17: Perception By William J. O’Malley
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Page 28 and 29: Obituaries G.V. Doorssealaer, SJ (M
Page 30: By Joseph Cardozo, SJ Lessons 10 Le

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