16 - 20 MAI MAY 16 - 20 - Canadian Archaeological Association

social and pedagogical implications of this project are discussed and
future work is proposed.
Arnett, Chris (University of British Columbia) • Picture This: Salishan
Rock Painting as Resistance [22]
Rock art studies in Western North America rely on 19 th century ethnographic
models of interpretation which attribute the production of
rock art to a range of activities in a variety of locations. The ethnographic
and archaeological record suggests variability over time but
in the Salishan territories there is a consistent Late Period association
between large rock painting displays, overland trail systems and
natural travel corridors such as lakes and inlets. The paintings along
these travel corridors are on distinctive landforms associated with
mythological events. From the cultural perspective, tumulh, the red
ochre paint used in the paintings, has protective qualities. The iconography,
rarely seen in public as it was the product of shwoonAhm
guardian spirits and dreams, served a similar function. Thus Salishan
rock paintings fulfilled a dual purpose: the rock (the mythological
being and its story/teachings) was marked and protected and the
paintings, possessed of material agency, served as a prophylactic, deterrent
art placed in a visible location to mitigate social and cultural
disruption connected to European influences.
Arsenault, Daniel (CÉLAT-UQAM, Université du Québec à Montréal)
• Rock art as non art: towards the interpretation of some peculiar
“rock art” sites in the Far-Eastern Canadian Shield! [22]
The North Shore of the St. Lawrence River, Québec, has yielded a few
rock painting sites, but just two of them can be identified as real “rock
art sites” thanks to their graphic contents. Three other sites are rock
outcrops with some smudges of red ochre. What can be said about
such sites without visual symbols? Indeed some clues are found in
Innu traditions as well as in XVIII th century’s old maps, but the results
of the 2011 summer fieldwork offer additional answers and some
insights for the better interpretation of what appears to be rock art
sites without graphic.
Aslan, Jasmine • Métis Captains’ Coats: Articulating Similarity and
Difference [25]
Although the establishment of the fur trade in North America is often
described in negative or destructive terms, cultural contact also engendered
processes of creation and invention. From the 16 th century
on, indigenous groups assimilated foreign goods and manufacturing
techniques, producing any number of ‘hybrid’ artefacts. In this paper,
I discuss the emergence and evolution of one such class of objects:
painted hide captains’ coats. Made according to traditional processes,
they nonetheless reflect striking European influences in their design.
My discussion of these artifacts hinges on research I conducted into
the ethnohistories of two such garments from the British and Pitt
Rivers museums’ collections. In the first part of my paper, I consider
models and approaches in the study of hybrid artifacts, and the ways
in which these affected my ethno-archaeological analyses of these
specimens. In the second, I present my findings; the outcome of my
research into their ethnohistories.
Astudillo, Fernando (University of Calgary), Daniela Balanzátegui,
and Barbara Winter (Simon Fraser University) • Collectors,
Forgers, and Looters: The History behind Andean Ancient Art [1]
The publication of “Incidents of Travel and Expedition in the Land
of the Incas” (Squier 1887), showing drawings of Inca art, created a
demand in Europe and North America for “Andean antiquities”. As result,
collectors and museums included in their wish list the Andean
art as an essential piece. The demand created a network of looters
and artisans that made replicas often sold as authentic. These replicas
are now part of the modern museum collections worldwide. The
Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of Simon Fraser University
(Burnaby, B.C), have objects associated with Andean pre-Columbian
societies such as Inca, Chimu, Moche, Pasto, Quimbaya, Tumaco-La
Tolita, Manteño, and Sican. In the format of a museum temporary exhibit
we presented to the public the probable reasons why the ceramics
form part of the collection. Objects of Andean cultures have special
significance for collectors and museums; however, it does not mean
that they are authentic.
Bain 1 , Allison, William Moss 2 , Réginald Auger 1 and Marcel Moussette
1 ( 1 Université Laval, 2 Ville de Québec) • Celebrating 30 years
of Teaching and Promoting Historical Archaeology in Quebec City [28]
In partnership with the Ville de Québec and Québec’s Ministry of Culture,
Communications and Women’s Condition, Université Laval has
offered a field school in Historical Archaeology since 1982. In 2012
we will celebrate thirty years of training young archaeologists. Over
400 undergraduate and graduate schools have been trained under
three different field directors. The school has worked at three major
sites in the City: the Intendant’s Palais; Domaine de Maizerets and
the îlot Hunt site, now known as the award-winning Auberge Saint-
Antoine. This presentation will discuss each of these projects and will
highlight the importance of consistent training and collecting methods,
and the key role that long term partnership agreements have
played for research and the development of theoretical agendas as
well as for the promotion of archaeology within this UNESCO World
Heritage City.
Banks 1 , William E., Francesco d’Errico, João Zilhão ( 1 Université
de Bordeaux I) • Human-climate interaction in the Early Upper Palaeolithic:
testing the hypothesis of an adaptive shift between the Proto-
Aurignacian and the Early Aurignacian [26]
Material culture changes during the Proto-Aurignacian and the Aurignacian
are coincident with abrupt and marked climatic changes. We
use eco-cultural niche modeling to quantitatively evaluate whether
shifts in material culture are correlated with environmental variability
and, if so, whether the ecological niches exploited by human populations
shifted accordingly. We employ genetic algorithm (GARP) and
maximum entropy (Maxent) techniques to estimate the ecological
niches exploited by humans (i.e., eco-cultural niches) during these
two phases of the Aurignacian. A Partial-ROC analysis is used to evaluate
niche variability between the two phases. Results indicate that the
changes in material culture between the Proto-Aurignacian and the
Early Aurignacian are associated with an expansion of the ecological
niche exploited during the latter phase. These shifts in eco-cultural
niche and material culture are interpreted to represent an adaptive
response to the relative deterioration in environmental conditions at
the onset of Heinrich Event (HE) 4.
Beaudoin, Matthew (The University of Western Ontario) • Archaeologists
Colonizing Canada: The Effects of Unquestioned Categories
[3]
Many would argue that colonialism is a fundamental aspect of historical
archaeology; however, the underlying meaning of this statement
is often ignored. In sum, the production of archaeology is part of the
colonial process and is based around a discourse of colonizer norms
and colonized enclaves. This has resulted in the unconscious production
of an accepted Euro-Canadian dominant “historical archaeology”
and various “colonial archaeologies” of perceived minority groups,
that accepts the premise of a Euro-Canadian normative master narrative
punctuated with alternative discourses of specific groups. In
effect, we’ve created two distinct narratives of historical archaeology
that are framed against each other but never quite coming in contact.
By examining multi-generational sites from 19th-century Ontario I
explore the effects this has on the continued discourse, and why we
should be bridging these disparate narratives.
Bélanger, Christian (Université de Montréal) • Le fort de Ville-Marie,
1642-1683. Vers un premier plan archéologique des vestiges [6]
De nombreux vestiges de construction associés au fort de Ville-Marie
ont été mis au jour au fil des campagnes de fouilles. Les structures,
parmi lesquelles figurent notamment un puits, des segments de plusieurs
palissades, deux grandes fosses d’emprise de bâtiment, divers
ouvrages maçonnés en pierre ainsi que des poteaux isolés, sont
distribuées au travers de tous les secteurs d’intervention, soit sur
une superficie d’environ 150 mètres carrés. Dans le cadre de cette
présentation, nous verrons que ces structures, bien qu’enchevêtrées
en partie, sont pour la plupart inter-reliées et articulées dans l’espace
et témoignent de l’existence d’un plan d’ensemble d’aménagement
dont nous tenterons de reconstituer les principales caractéristiques.
Il sera également fait mention de certaines difficultés d’interprétation
qui subsistent, notamment en ce qui concerne la fonction de certains
des ouvrages mis au jour.
Ville-Marie’s old fort (1642-1675).
Toward a reconstructed map based on archaeology The remains of
several structures associated with Ville-Marie’s old fort have come to
light over the years of excavation. They include a well, segments of
several palisades, two large building pits, various masonry remains
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