16 - 20 MAI MAY 16 - 20 - Canadian Archaeological Association

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Transcanadienne. Bien que le complexe Turcot soit constitué presque essentiellement de voies aériennes, le ministère des Transports du Québec prévoit de revoir sa configuration, ce qui pourrait avoir un impact sur les biens archéologiques potentiellement présents dans le sol. En ce qui concerne l’archéologie, une approche méthodologique spécifique à ce type de projet est donc essentielle afin de planifier les interventions archéologiques nécessaires. At the moment, the Turcot interchange is almost entirely an aerial highway. It’s reconfiguration, by the ministry of Transports of Québec, could have an impact on the archaeological sites potentially buried within the ground of the future highway layout. From an archaeological point of view, a methodological approach specific to this type of project is required to plan the archaeological interventions needed. Duchaine, Désirée-Emmanuelle (Ruralys) • Wolfe’s Cove Hill: un point stratégique pour l’armée britannique lors des batailles de 1759 et 1760 [12] Au cours de l’été et de l’automne 2011, des fouilles archéologiques ont été réalisées sur les sites du musée du Québec (CeEt-542) et du couvent Saint-Dominique (CeEt-893) dans le cadre du projet d’agrandissement du Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec. Les interventions archéologiques sur le site du musée du Québec ont permis de mettre au jour des témoins importants de l’histoire de la ville de Québec. Une sépulture d’un militaire ainsi que des vestiges en bois respectivement associés aux batailles des Plaines (1759) et de Sainte- Foy (1760) jettent un nouveau regard sur ces événements décisifs dans l’histoire de Québec. Les fouilles archéologiques sur le site du couvent Saint-Dominique ont conduit à la découverte des fondations de la villa Battlefield Cottage construite en 1829. Un autre témoin significatif de la vie bourgeoise de la ville de Québec. Duggan, Rebecca (Parks Canada) • The Louisbourg coastal conservation plan [16] A coastal conservation plan is currently in development for the management of eroding heritage at the Fortress of Louisbourg. A peer-reviewed draft conservation plan has been produced, drawing together information about coastal geomorphology, coastally-positioned heritage sites, erosion rates, and anticipated coastal change at Louisbourg based on the IPCC’s fourth assessment report predictions for sea level rise over the next century. The conservation plan divides the Louisbourg coastline into management units according to natural coastal cell divisions. Within each cell, the future outlook for heritage site protection is to be assessed through a coastal ‘triage’ process. This is proving to be a complex task with numerous variables to consider such as heritage value, protection vs. rescue options, financial viability, research potential, and public engagement options. This paper will discuss current efforts to work through the triage process, to best meet resource management needs now & in the years to come. Duguay, Françoise (Célat, Université Laval) • Clay Pipes in New France, 1625-1760: Can Archaeometry be Helpful in Identifying Imitations [21] A small number of clay pipe bowls from collections housed in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom were submitted to neutron activation, to be used as reference samples. Pipe fragments from an archaeological site in Trois-Rivières (Canada), presenting unusual features (identified through macroscopic and microscopic observations), were also submitted to the same procedure. Comparisons of results tend to support the impression gained from qualitative characterisation, that pipes used in New France were mainly imports from the Netherlands. However, minute chemical component differences with both the Netherlands and UK pipes, combined with visual characterisation, lead to another conclusion: some pipes might be imitations of Dutch products. Where were they made? We propose that imitations used in New France originated from continental Europe, perhaps France, since the observed chemical components offer greater similarity with the Netherlands’ sample than the UK one. Warning: given the small number of artefacts and samples, the archaeometric findings shouldn’t be regarded as definitive. Duguay, Françoise (CÉLAT, Université Laval) • Tadoussac et Trois- Rivières : deux hauts lieux de la traite des fourrures (fin XVI e – tournant XVIII e siècle) [29] L’observation d’une ressemblance des lieux physiques, entre Tadous- sac et Trois Rivières, a initié une réflexion par rapport à leur statut prépondérant dans la traite des fourrures. La synthèse des données biophysiques, ethnohistoriques et historiques établit des points de comparaison, afin d’identifier des variables qui orientent le sens de diverses manifestations, notamment l’instauration de postes de traite. L’étude met en exergue l’importance des deux lieux pour les populations amérindiennes, notamment algonquiennes, facteur qui semble avoir eu une incidence pour déterminer leur statut dans le commerce des fourrures. On remarque, par ailleurs, une dichotomie dans l’historiographie relative aux deux endroits, quant à la place accordée aux Amérindiens et au commerce. Dunlop, John 1 , Dan Kellogg 2 and Blake Williams 2 ( 1 Archaeological Services Inc., University of Western Ontario; 2 Archaeological Services Inc.) • Geophysical Survey Applications to the CRM Industry in Southern Ontario: Case studies of success at three sites in southern Ontario [31] Geophysical surveying is a non-destructive surveying technique that is currently regulated as an optional activity during site-specific investigations in the CRM industry in Ontario. As such, these applications have little bearing on the regulated process of CRM archaeology. An examination of geophysical surveys undertaken by Archaeological Services Inc. at three sites: the Fort York National Historic site- Government House Area (AjGu-28), the Damiani Site (AlGv-231), and Blacker’s Brickworks (AgHb-415), resulted in positive identification of subsurface archaeological deposits, which guided the excavation and interpretation of the sites. The results indicate that geophysics can be effectively used in the assessment process to assist in refining investigative strategies to sites, the result of which would be greater efficiency in areas such as project budgeting and site conservation. Dunning, Phil (Parks Canada) • Yeoman and Merchant: Clothing and Accessories from the Elisabeth and Mary, a 1690 New England Shipwreck [9] The year 1689 saw the beginning of King William’s War, between France and an alliance of England, Spain and Holland. In 1690 the New Englanders launched a naval expedition to take Quebec City, the capital of New France. The attack failed, and on the return voyage the fleet encountered violent storms in the St. Lawrence River. Four ships were lost, including the Elizabeth and Mary, carrying members of the Dorchester, Massachusetts militia. Parks Canada’s underwater archaeologists excavated the wreck, and the recoveries include footwear, buttons, textiles, ribbons, buckles and jewellery. These accessories and articles of clothing represent a microcosm of Dorchester society, from yeoman to merchant, from kersey to broadcloth, from pewter to silver. Dussault, Frédéric (Université Laval) • Reconciling past perceptions: Explorers to Northwest Greenland and Inughuit hygiene [10] While initially “discovered” by the explorer John Ross in 1818, the Polar Inuit also achieved certain recognition for helping Robert Peary reach the North Pole. Explorers’ accounts attracted the interest of anthropologists, such as Knud Rasmussen and Erik Holtved, who sought to understand the essence of Inughuit life by cataloguing their myths and legends as well as observing them in daily life. Following their expeditions in Greenland, explorers and anthropologist, related conflicting details about Inughuit cultural practices, such as hygiene. By observing the spatial distribution of ectoparasites found in different activity areas of four sod houses, we were able to infer hygienic practices described in the Inughuit oral tradition. Through interdisciplinary analysis of archaeoentomological evidence, oral traditions and material culture associated with the Polar Inuit, we propose a different narrative of past hygienic practices of Greenland’s Northwest coast. Duval, Isabelle (Université du Québec à Chicoutimi) • Analyse de provenance sur un gorgerin avec la micro-XRF [31] Une caractérisation géochimique, de manière non destructive par micro-XRF, a été réalisée sur un fragment de gorgerin en pierre retrouvé sur le site Cartier-Roberval (CeEu-4). Les données d’analyses ont permis d’associer la pierre du gorgerin avec une carrière de pierre décorative de grès rouge datant de la fin du 19 e siècle dans le Bas- Saint-Laurent. La compréhension du contexte géologique permet de suggérer des lieux accessibles pouvant avoir été exploités à la préhistoire. Les gorgerins sont des objets polis rares qui apportent des in- 38
formations sur les habitudes d’acquisition des matières premières des groupes autochtones. Des comparaisons ont été faites avec d’autres gorgerins du Québec et ceux fabriqués en ardoise rubanée. Provenance analysis with micro-XRF on a gorget stone A geochemical characterization with a non-destructive micro-XRF analysis has been done on a stone gorget fragment found at the 16thcentury Cartier-Roberval site at Québec City (CeEu-4). Data analysis has linked the gorget stone with a Bas-Saint-Laurent red sandstone quarry that was used for decorative construction at the end of the 19 th century. Understanding of the geological context allows us to suggest accessible places that may have been exploited at the pre-contact time. Gorgets are rare polished objects that provide information on Native patterns of raw material acquisition. Comparisons will be made with other gorgets including those made of banded slate. Eid, Patrick (Université de Montréal) • La recherche des intentions et des choix économiques à travers les chaînes opératoires lithiques [25] Il n’est certes pas nouveau d’aborder l’étude de la technologie lithique sous l’angle de l’économie. Dans la tradition anglo-saxonne, cette question a été principalement abordée via différents modèles théoriques. Or, aussi intéressants puissent-ils être, il demeure difficile de faire le pont entre un modèle généralisant et des données archéologiques, surtout lorsqu’elles prennent la forme de milliers de petits morceaux de roche. Dans la tradition française, l’approche technologique aborde plutôt la question selon un angle inductif et empirique par la recherche des intentions des tailleurs et des choix économiques perceptibles dans leurs chaînes opératoires. L’application de cette approche à un échantillon de sites du Sylvicole dans la région du Témiscouata (Québec) servira de base pour étudier les apports et les inconvénients de cette méthode. The search of intentions and economic choices in lithic chaînes opératoires. The study of lithic technology from an economic viewpoint is not new in itself. In the Anglo-Saxon tradition, this question has mostly been addressed through the use of theoretical models. As interesting as this approach can be, it remains difficult to fill the gap between a model and the archaeological data, especially when they take the form of thousands of pieces of rock. The French technological approach however addresses this question with an inductive and empiric method, where the intentions and economic choices of individuals are rebuilt as chaînes opératoires. The application of this approach on a sample of archaeological sites from the Woodland period in Southern Québec (Témiscouata region) will be used to explore the contributions and disadvantages of this method. Ellis, Christopher (University of Western Ontario) • The Davidson Site (AhHk-54) and Late Archaic Settlement Systems [23] This paper revisits one of Peter Ramsden’s early research interests, the seasonality of Archaic site occupations, through the lens of Davidson, a 1.5 ha site near Parkhill, Ontario, intensively used from ca. 2500-800 BC. In general, Archaic research has been known for the “domination of theorizing and paucity of data” to quote one group of observers and since our analytical work is still very much in its infancy, this research in some ways continues that trend. Nonetheless, preliminary observations allow us to actually assess some long-standing ideas about Archaic settlement systems and suggests that while some conclusions seem correct, many other assumptions we use to approach Late Archaic settlement systems in Ontario may be misleading. Notably, we have used rigid and mechanistic models of these systems grounded in adaptationist ideas. However, actual settlement and subsistence practices of Archaic peoples seem to have been much more flexible and “messy” and cannot be as easily explained solely in terms of environmental or least effort influences on behaviour. Fay, Amelia (Memorial University) • Merging the Local and the Regional: Future Directions for the archaeology of Inuit-European Contact in Labrador [3] The study of Inuit-European contact in Labrador presents the perfect opportunity for a combination of analytical approaches. Geographic and temporal scale are represented by the different extent and timing of contact along the coast, the physical environment served to both permit and constrain human activities and mobility, and power and identity are negotiated through the spatial and material realms. ‘Contact’ in Labrador is difficult to define because it occurred at different times throughout many places along the coast to various extents. My archaeological exploration of Inuit-European contact in Labrador takes this into account by merging a local history from Nain within the broader coastal network. Ferris, Neal (Lawson Chair of Canadian Archaeology Western University/Museum of Ontario Archaeology) • In Praise of Counter Factual Ontario Late Woodland Culture History [23] Peter’s contribution to what is commonly referred to as Ontario’s Late Woodland has been both profound and insignificant. Profound in that it has invited imaginings, conceptions, and interpretations of the archaeological record from this period as, in fact, an archaeological record inviting archaeologically-based theorizing of that material record; Insignificant in that many of his cohort in Ontario ignored as irrelevant an approach that didn’t obviously and logically build cultural historical models of the ancient past based on historically transitory socio-linguistic ethnicities. And so some if not most of Peter’s writings on the subject was thus freed from interfering with the dominant cultural historical debates of the day around what dialect pots or sites spoke, or how ancient archaeological patterns were the result of early 17 th century historical events and observations. Unfettered by that Ontario cultural historical logic, Peter’s musings have retained an intellectual currency that invites imagining an archaeology of Ontario’s Late Woodland that is, well, of relevance to archaeology beyond those still wishing to conceive of Ontario’s Late Woodland as a local history of how the early 17 th century came to be. It is a relief to think that Ontario Late Woodland archaeology might just be increasingly close to catching up with Peter’s irrelevance. Ferris, Neal (The University of Western Ontario) • Discussant [3] Forbes, Lisbeth, Carol Griggs, and Thomas Richmond (Cornell Tree Ring Laboratory, Cornell University) • Settling claims of “the earliest construction” between several houses in Schenectady, New York [31] Schenectady was first settled by the Dutch Colony at a bend in the Mohawk River upstream from the Hudson River, as a strategic location for the fur trade in the mid-1600s. The city has a well-documented history, with the historic section nicely preserved. “My house was built first” is bantered about by the residents, especially for the Brouwer and Yates Houses where the properties were owned before 1700. In resolving this dilemma, the history of the city and its inhabitants need to be considered. The biggest problem with the claim is a major catastrophic event in 1690 – the Schenectady massacre – in which most residents were killed or captured and the city completely demolished, and after which it took a long time for re-establishment. Another question is whether the fur traders would build such elegant homes. The Cornell Tree-Ring Laboratory dated the two houses plus the Mabee Farm west of Schenectady to resolve this dilemma. Foreman, Lindsay J. (University of Western Ontario, Project Archaeologist, Golder Associates Ltd.) • Ubiquitous Fragmented Fauna: Interpreting Western Basin Cervid Processing and Discard Practices in Ontario, A.D. 800-1600 [31] Between A.D. 500 and 1600 the Western Basin peoples of the lower Great Lakes region practiced a mixed subsistence economy, combining the production of domestic crops with hunting, fishing, and gathering of local animal and plant resources. The cervid remains recovered from their sites are consistently highly fragmented. This study attempts to identify the cause(s) of this fragmentation in four southwestern Ontario assemblages dating between A.D. 800 and 1600. It examines both the identifiable and unidentifiable large mammal remains by bone size, type, degree of burning, and long bone fracture angle, outline, and edge texture. Together these data suggest that bone marrow and grease were consistently extracted from “fresh” cervid carcasses, and that axial and appendicular elements were processed and frequently discarded separately. These activities were conducted throughout the year, indicating that within-bone nutrients were central to Western Basin meal preparation and to the taste of individual dishes. Fowler, Jonathan (Saint Mary’s University) • Integrating Archaeological Resource Management and Research at Grand Pré, Nova Scotia 39
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Page 3 and 4: BIENVENUE • WELCOME Boujou! Welco
Page 5 and 6: SOMMAIRE • CONTENTS INSCRIPTION 4
Page 7 and 8: (3 événements : cocktail du mercr
Page 9 and 10: ORGANISATION DES SALLES • MEETING
Page 11 and 12: PROGRAMME • PROGRAM Jeudi 17 mai,
Page 13 and 14: 10:20 - 10:40 Geneviève Treyvaud (
Page 15 and 16: 14 :00 - 14 :20 Christian Gates Sai
Page 17 and 18: 9 :00 - 9 :20 Eric J. Guiry (Memori
Page 19 and 20: 9 :20 - 9 :40 Ronan Méhault (Unive
Page 21 and 22: 16:20 - 16:40 Michael Heilen (Stati
Page 23 and 24: 10 :20 - 10 :40 Jacinthe Vigeant (U
Page 25 and 26: 29 Archéologie dans la région de
Page 27 and 28: RÉSUMÉS • ABSTRACTS Par ordre a
Page 29 and 30: and individual post-holes, distribu
Page 31 and 32: Trading and exchanging in 19 th cen
Page 33 and 34: La région de Trois-Rivières et B
Page 35 and 36: Clark 1 , Terence, Mathew Betts 1 ,
Page 37 and 38: whether macro-scale shifts in the m
Page 39: Southern Ontario [3] The site remai
Page 43 and 44: of butchery marks on seal bones, an
Page 45 and 46: Griggs, Carol (Cornell Tree Ring La
Page 47 and 48: distinctive patterns of procurement
Page 49 and 50: Lake, Mark and Enrico Crema (Instit
Page 51 and 52: an Archaeological Master Plan, new
Page 53 and 54: m’a permis de comparer et de corr
Page 55 and 56: to be from the mid-1850s, but the d
Page 57 and 58: age. The site’s recoveries consis
Page 59 and 60: British Columbia [11] Faunal assemb
Page 61 and 62: has developed itself until the grea
Page 63 and 64: tion se fera donc sur deux volets.
Page 65 and 66: systemic approach to interpretation

16 - 20 MAI MAY 16 - 20 - Canadian Archaeological Association

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