16 - 20 MAI MAY 16 - 20 - Canadian Archaeological Association

produits associés à la pharmacopée traditionnelle des populations
autochtones, suggérant une continuité dans l’utilisation des produits
de la médecine traditionnelle depuis la préhistoire.
Bevan, Andrew (Institute of Archaeology, University College London)
• Modelling the interaction of paths and places in prehistoric environments
[26]
Geographers have a long tradition of modelling settlement hierarchies,
as well as a continuing interest in routing problems both
through discrete networks such as road systems, and across continuous
landscapes. Archaeologists have an interest in understanding
how settlements, camps and other more enduring areas of human
activity distribute themselves across a landscape, how such places interact
with one another, how travel between them is structured, and
what role the environment plays as a forcing factor. Unfortunately, the
paleoenvironmetal evidence available to archaeologists is often far
more patchy than for those studying the present day or very recent
periods of human history. This paper will address these challenges,
emphasising the increasing relevance of methods such as point process
models, spatial interaction models, moderate levels of environmental
realism and Monte Carlo simulation.
Bilton, David, and Gay Frederick • What Does Northern Gulf Diversified
Fishing Look Like? Presenting Archaeofaunal Data from Shishalh
Territory, British Columbia [14]
Different fishing adaptations were noted amongst Coast Salish groups
in the Gulf of Georgia. Northern groups had a diversified fishing adaptation,
while Central and Straits groups had more specialized fishing
technologies. Archaeological investigations have traditionally focused
in the latter areas, and these data have been well-used to understand
the development of ethnographic cultural traits. This paper presents
new archaeofaunal data from the traditional territory of the Shishalh
nation, the southernmost Northern group, to expand our understanding
of prehistoric cultural diversity amongst the Coast Salish.
Birch, Jennifer (University of Georgia) • Between Villages and Cities:
Settlement Aggregation and Community Transformation [3]
Archaeologists have focused a great deal of attention on explaining
the origins of village societies and the transition to a Neolithic way
of life. Considerable interest has also concentrated on urbanism and
the rise of the earliest cities. Between these two revolutions in human
cultural development lies a critical and under-theorized phase in societal
evolution. Throughout world, at various points in time, people
living in small, dispersed village communities have come together
into larger and more complex social formations. This paper will begin
with an exploration of the social processes involved in the creation
and maintenance of aggregated settlements and how they brought
about transformations that affected virtually every aspect of a society
and its culture. It will conclude with a discussion of how the archaeological
record of Northern Iroquoian communities is particularly well
suited to understanding how changes in community-based practices
relate to cultural change at the regional scale.
Blair, Susan E. (University of New Brunswick), Matthew K. Litvak
(Mount Allison University) and W. Jesse Webb (University of New
Brunswick) • The Precontact Sturgeon Fishery of the Miramichi River
Drainage, Northeastern New Brunswick, Canada [14]
The modern community of Metepenagiag Mi’kmaq Nation is located
in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada, at the confluence of the
Northwest and Little Southwest Miramichi Rivers, near the modern
head-of-tide. This area has a high density of recorded precontact archaeological
sites, including two National Historic Sites, the Oxbow
Site, and the Augustine Mound. When combined with local knowledge
and historical information, these sites contain rich, contextualized
information about the period between 3500 and 500 years ago, and
are the focus of long-term collaborative research between archaeologists,
biologists, community researchers and institutions, such as Metepenagiag
Heritage Park. On most of these sites, calcined sturgeon
scutes and spines (many identified as Acipenser oxyrinchus) dominate
faunal assemblages. This paper will explore the distribution of
sturgeon remains in these sites, and present preliminary NSERCsupported
research on their implication for our understanding of the
relationship among the ancient Mi’kmaq of Metepenagiag, the Miramichi
River, and sturgeon.
Blouin, Yanik (Consultant) • Travaux archéologiques au Champ-de-
Mars : analyse et comparaison des modes de construction chez deux
équipes de maçons du XVIII e siècle [27]
En 1717, Chaussegros de Léry amorce la construction d’une enceinte
bastionnée protégeant la ville de Montréal. Le projet n’est achevé
qu’en 1744 et il aura requis la participation de plus de 230 artisans et
journaliers, sans compter l’aide apportée par les soldats en poste dans
la ville. Aujourd’hui, les vestiges mis en valeur au Champ-de-Mars
constituent l’unique exemple d’un front complet de cette ancienne
fortification. Les travaux de restauration qui ont pris place en 2010
ont donné l’occasion de procéder à un relevé exhaustif des parements
de l’escape et de la contrescarpe. Leur analyse permet de reconstituer
les gestes de deux équipes différentes de maçons, de même qu’elle
soulève de nouvelles avenues pour l’enregistrement et la description
des vestiges archéologiques.
Under Chaussegros de Léry, Montreal’s fortification was built between
1717 and 1744. Today, Champ-de-Mars remains are the last
example of a complete front of this old fortification. In 2010, an archaeological
survey allows an exhaustive drawing of the walls. Their
analysis shows differences between two mason teams. Also, the conclusion
brings some new ways in field archaeology.
Bonneau Adelphine (Université du Québec à Chicoutimi), Jean-
François Moreau (Université du Québec à Chicoutimi), Réginald
Auger (Université Laval), et Bertrand Emard (Hydro-Québec) •
Analytical studies of European Trade Glass Beads in Quebec: what instrument
for what kind of results? [21]
Chemical analysis on trade glass beads in Quebec were performed
since the 1990’s by Ron Hancock and Jean-François Moreau using
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) (Hancock et al. 1996, Moreau et
Hancock 2010). This work results on a huge database of trade glass
beads composition that can provide an estimate dating for the beads
by comparison of the chemical composition. However, new questions
are asked by the archaeologists: how were these beads made? Is it
possible to make sub-groups in the dating groups in order to follow
the penetration of beads from their coastal point of arrival into the
continent? In literature, two techniques are more and more developed:
Raman spectroscopy, which gave us the opportunity to find the
“shape” of the opacifiers in the glass, to identify the type of glass and
to make different groups of beads because of their glass type; and LA-
ICP-MS, gave us the total composition of the glass with the analysis of
38 chemical elements and thus makes possible to defined sub-groups
of beads which correspond with archaeological evidence on the site.
Bouchard-Perron, Julie-Anne, Émilie Young-Vigneault et Nadia
Ardila (G.A.I.A. Inc.) • Se doter d’un toit et d’une pitance au 17 e siècle:
Résultats des analyses environnementales sur le site du Parc des Braves
à Québec [30]
Au cours de la fouille du site du Parc des Braves par la Commission
des Champs de Bataille Nationaux à l’été 2011, deux logis érigés au
17 e siècle et visiblement incendiés avant le 18 e siècle ont été mis au
jour. L’analyse des échantillons de sol et de bois prélevés dans ces
logis par l’équipe de GAIA Inc. a permis d’acquérir plusieurs informations
autrement inaccessibles et concernant la façon dont les logis
ont été construits, divisés, utilisés et détruits. Les résultats obtenus
jettent une lumière nouvelle sur le processus de colonisation aux
environs de Québec et sur la manière dont les colons ont pu combiner
des techniques anciennes et un environnement nouveau pour
se créer un mode de vie unique.
Bouchard-Perron, Julie-Anne, Jacynthe Bernard et Nadia Ardila
(G.A.I.A. Inc.) • Vendre, acheter et échanger à Montréal au 19 e
siècle : Résultats des analyses environnementales sur le site de la Place
d’Youville [27]
Situé en plein cœur du vieux-Montréal, le site de la Place d’Youville
a abrité successivement deux édifices imposants ayant été utilisés
comme marchés au 19 e siècle. L’étude des restes botaniques, entomologiques
et fauniques provenant de dépôts associés aux marchés
et excavés par la firme Ethnoscop Inc. a permis d’obtenir une perspective
unique quant à la façon dont les activités mercantiles se déroulaient
à l’intérieur des édifices. De la salubrité des lieux aux produits
échangés en passant par les techniques de boucherie employées et la
répartition des activités en allant jusqu’aux réseaux d’échanges déployés
et à la façon dont les tendances observées s’inscrivent dans le
monde occidental, cette présentation proposée par GAIA Inc offre un
survol de l’expérience de «faire son marché» au 19 e siècle.
28