16 - 20 MAI MAY 16 - 20 - Canadian Archaeological Association

• Cultural Resource Management Plans from a U.S. Perspective: Challenges
and Opportunities [16]
In the United States, as with most countries, historic preservation is
predicated on a model of balancing development with heritage preservation.
Most U.S. federal agencies and many state and local jurisdictions
have historic preservation plans that identify the steps and
schedules of historic preservation activities. Through UNESCO conventions
and international lenders, there is also increasing pressure
in developing countries to deal with cultural heritage in the planning
process as part of economic and social impact assessments. Recent efforts
have advocated using predictive modeling to provide stakeholders
with an objective and replicable approach to: (1) predicting the
location of archaeological resources, (2) assessing the significance
of resources, and (3) validating predictions. In this presentation, we
present management approaches and show how predictive models
are being integrated into management plans in the United States to
streamline compliance and in Mongolia to show how models are used
in developing countries to build cultural heritage programs.
Helwig, Kate (Canadian Conservation Institute, Ottawa), and Jennifer
Poulin (Canadian Conservation Institute, Ottawa) • Archaeometric
Studies at the Canadian Conservation Institute [21]
This presentation describes several examples of archaeometric studies
undertaken at the Canadian Conservation Institute. For each
project, the methodology, instrumental techniques and key results
are outlined. The scientific and photographic techniques employed
include: x-radiography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Raman
spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/
energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and polarized light microscopy
(PLM). The projects that will be discussed are: a study of
hafting adhesive residues on objects from Southern Yukon ice patches
undertaken to identify the residues and to determine patterns of material
use; research into the characterization of Canadian amber allowing
deposits from different geological sources to be distinguished;
the identification of dyes on archaeological textiles using GC-MS; and
finally, the scientific examination of a knife with a corroded iron blade
associated with the body of an Aboriginal man discovered in a glacier
in Northern British Columbia.
Herring, D. Ann (Department of Anthropology, McMaster University)
• Peter Ramsden as Innovative Iconoclast [23]
Peter Ramsden is perhaps best known for his scholarship in Ontario
archaeology but less well known are his substantive contributions
to many aspects of academic life. His iconoclastic approach led to a
legacy of innovations to sport, administrative transparency, and the
conduct of university business at McMaster; his revolutionary ideas
challenge central dogma in nutritional and evolutionary theory.
Higdon, John, and Corey Hutchings • Northern Cultural Resource
Management and Climate Change [31]
Changes in environmental conditions have opened northern regions
to never before seen commercial and recreational concerns. Exploitation
and access to northern locales have exposed seldom-visited
archaeological sites to new and potentially destructive factors. Territorial
archaeology offices in these regions are being confronted with
the difficult task of changing focus from the traditional small-scale
academic interest in these sites to more large-scale commercial exploitation.
Additional aspects such as involvement of local governments
and translation of proposals further complicate the job of local
authorities. These aspects must be addressed in such a way that a
balance is met between the expanding economic interests and the
protection of cultural remains.
Himour, Brad (Parks Canada) • The Parks Canada Pictograph Project:
Working With Aboriginal Elders to Preserve, Protect and Interpret
Aboriginal Rock Art in Western Canada [22]
Archaeologists from Parks Canada are attempting to preserve First
Nation pictographs in the region of Kootenay National Park. The project
has two primary goals: first, to provide a permanent record of pictograph
sites area using digital photography. Images were processed
with software designed to enhance faint pigment residues. The resulting
inventory will be kept on file by Parks Canada and First Nation
communities. The second goal is to record First Nation Traditional
Knowledge concerning rock art sites in order to preserve the cultural
meaning of the pictographs. This provides First Nation communities
with the opportunity to speak for themselves regarding their cultural
history. Interviews were conducted with Elders of four First Nation
communities that are associated with the study area: Piikani, Stoney
Nakoda, Ktunaxa and Kinbasket. It was a privilege to learn sacred aspects
of First Nation culture. This presentation summarizes the results
of the project and illustrates the software technology.
Hodgetts, Lisa (Western University) • Gendered Landscapes of
Banks Island’s Northern Interior [7]
Many recent anthropological and archaeological approaches to landscape
define it as simultaneously physically tangible and culturally
constructed. Landscapes are grounded in the physical reality of particular
spaces, but also incorporate the meanings associated with
them by people and groups as they go about their daily lives. We must
therefore recognize that at any given moment, the same landscape
may be experienced and understood in different ways by different
people. This paper compares the distribution of archaeological camp
sites and hunting sites in the northern interior of Banks Island to reconstruct
the use of the region by Inuinnait men and women from to
the seventeenth to twentieth centuries. It suggests that in this area,
travelled primarily on foot during the summer months, differences
between men’s and women’s knowledge of the landscape may have
been less pronounced than in areas occupied at other times of year.
Hogan 1 , Emily, Emma Davis 1 , Cecilia Jennings 1 , Stephen Hall 1 ,
Bryan Mood 1 , Colin P. Laroque 1 ( 1 Mount Allison Dendrochronology
Laboratory, Department of Geography, Mount Allison University)
• A Dendroarchaeological Analysis of the Cormier House Sackville,
New Brunswick [13]
The Cormier family has lived in their home in Sackville, NB for the
past decade and a half. Due to a long-standing disagreement between
father and son with respect to the speculated age of their family
home, the MAD Lab was contacted to assist in determining the year
in which the structural timber from within their home was harvested.
Ten samples were collected from log beams in the home’s basement
and were identified as red spruce (Picea rubens). Samples were then
processed and crossdated to regional master chronologies of red
spruce. Beams from the structure illustrated a probable construction
period between 1810 and 1815, giving the house an approximate age
of 200 years. This date ultimately confirmed Perry Cormier’s (father)
long-held estimation of the home’s age, while Phillip Cormier (son)
lost the bet. Although a simple structure, the Cormier House marks
the 100 th structure dated by the MAD Lab.
Hogg, Erin (University of British Columbia) • An Analysis of the
State of Archaeology in the Canadian School Curricula [30]
This paper examines the nature and extent that archaeology is covered
in the Canadian public school curricula. Archaeology should
have a stake in the Canadian school curricula, so that all students have
an understanding of the discipline and can understand and promote
heritage conservation. I examine the current coverage of archaeology
in each province and territory’s Social Studies curricula, first by
searching for key words such as archaeology, aboriginal, past and
heritage in each document. I then review the content of this coverage
by a statistical comparative analysis of my data. Finally, I evaluate my
findings to the guidelines developed by the Canadian Archaeological
Association in the early 2000’s, to determine if its expectations for
students’ achievement in archaeology are appropriate and are being
met, and identify what future steps for both the school system and
the Canadian Archaeological Association might be to better address
these guidelines.
Holyoke, Kenneth R. (University of New Brunswick) • Ambiguous
but Contiguous? Late Maritime Woodland Technology and “Period 6” in
the Lower Saint John River [20]
The Late Maritime Woodland (LMW) is an enigmatic period in the
prehistory of the Maritime Peninsula of northeastern North America.
This statement is particularly true of the LMW in the Lower Saint
John River of south central New Brunswick. A model for settlement
and technology for this area was presented in Blair (2004). This model
was based on the integration of feature, artifact and stratigraphic
analyses with supporting radiocarbon dates and encompassed the
period from the Terminal Archaic to the Middle Maritime Woodland
(3090 to 1540 BP), or, “Period 1” to “Period 5” (Blair 2004). To complete
this sequence, I conducted detailed analysis of artifacts and
features from four LMW assemblages. These assemblages revealed
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