Chapter 3 Population Geography - W.H. Freeman

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Region 93 score is 1.000, and the three top-ranked countries in 2009 were Norway, Australia, and Iceland. Examination of the HDI reveals some surprises. If all countries spent equally on those things that improve their HDI rankings, such as education and health care, then we would expect the wealthiest countries to place first on the list. According to the International Monetary Fund, the United States ranked 9th among 180 ranked nations in wealth as measured by the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in 2009. Yet it ranked 13th in the world on the HDI. Compare this to Barbados, which ranked 45th by GDP per capita but came in much higher on the HDI at 37th. Why did Barbados rank higher in living standards than its monetary wealth would indicate, whereas the United States ranked lower? We would have to conclude that the government of Barbados places a relative priority on spending for education and health care, whereas the government of the United States does not. Even more striking is the low standing of the United States when the Human Poverty Index (HPI) is used. The HPI measures social and economic deprivation by examining the prevalence of factors such as low life expectancy, illiteracy, poverty, and unemployment. Among the world’s high-income countries, the United States ranks near the bottom, with only Italy and Ireland having larger numbers of deprived people. 40 0 40 80 120 160 80 60 60 40 20 0 20 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
94 Chapter 3 Population Geography Figure 3.15 Segregated beach. This portion of the beachfront along the Israeli city of Tel Aviv allows women and men to swim on separate days. Young children of both genders accompany their mothers, whereas older boys visit with their fathers. Gender-based segregation is important for Israel’s orthodox Jews. (Courtesy of Patricia L. Price.) Infant Mortality Rate 80 180 140 100 60 20 80 60 Infant Mortality Rate 40 Under 5 5–10 10.1–20 20 20.1–50 50.1–100 Over 100 Not available 0 140 120 0 1000 2000 mi. 0 1000 2000 3000 Scale at latitude 35° km 20 Figure 3.16 The present world pattern of infant mortality rate. The numbers indicate the number of children per 1000 born who die before reaching one year of age. The world’s infant mortality rate is 44. Many experts believe that this rate is the best single measure of living standards. (Source: Population Reference Bureau.) Flat Polar Quartic equal area projection 40 100 80 60 40 20
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Chapter 3 Population Geography - W.H. Freeman

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