Chapter 3 Population Geography - W.H. Freeman

Region 77
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predominantly young population depresses the death rate.
Compared to Angola, Nicaragua’s death rate of only 4 per
1000 seems quite low. Because of its older population structure,
the average death rate in the European Union is 10 per
1000. Australia, Canada, and the United States, which continue
to attract young immigrants, have lower death rates
than most of Europe. Canada’s death rate, for instance, is
slightly less than 8 people per 1000.
The Demographic Transition
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WH Freeman and Company Publishers
Domosh/The Human Mosaic, 12e
Perm Fig: 303
Domosh_Fig3.03b - Birth Rate
April 20, 2011 - Final
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All industrialized, technologically advanced countries have
low fertility rates and stabilized or declining populations,
having passed through what is called
the demographic transition (Figure
3.7, page 82). In preindustrial societies,
birth and death rates were
demographic transition
A term used to describe the
movement from high birth and
death rates to low birth and
death rates.
both high, resulting in almost no population growth.
Because these were agrarian societies that depended
on family labor, many children meant larger workforces,
thus the high birthrates. But low levels of public health
and limited access to health care, particularly for the very
young, also meant high death rates. With the coming of
the industrial era, medical advances and improvements
in diet set the stage for a drop in death rates. Human life
expectancy in industrialized countries soared from an