A Global Compact on Learning - Brookings Institution

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R. Dumatog and D. Dekker, “First Language Education in Lubuagan, Northern Philippines,” Philippines, 2003; H. Pinnock, Language and Education:
The Missing Link (London: Save the Children, 2009).
145
Bialystok, Bilingualism in Development; J. Cummins, Language, Power, and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire (Aberystwyth, UK: Cambrian
Printers Ltd., 2000); K. King and A. Mackey, The Bilingual Edge: Why, When, and How to Teach Your Child a Second Language (New York:
HarperCollins, 2007).
146
C. Benson, Girls, Educational Equity and Mother-Tongue-Based Teaching (Bangkok: UNESCO, 2005); S. Aikman and N. Rao, “Quality Education
for Gender Equality: Background Paper for the Quality Education Stream E4 Conference,” paper presented at Quality Education Stream E4 Conference,
2010, http://www.e4conference.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/17en.pdf.
147
K. Heugh, “Cost Implications of the Provision of Mother Tongue and Strong Bilingual Models of Education in Africa,” in Optimizing Learning and
Education in Africa—the Language Factor: A Stock-taking Research on Mother Tongue and Bilingual Education in Sub-Saharan Africa (Tunis: Association
for the Development of Education in Africa, 2006), http://www.adeanet.org/adeaPortal/adea/downloadcenter/Ouga/B3_1_MTBLE_en.pdf;
Bender et al., Evaluation of the World Bank Assistance to Primary Education in Mali.
148
Lewis and Lockheed, Inexcusable Absence.
149
Heugh, “Cost Implications.”
150
Bender email, May 12, 2011.
151
Ball email, February 13, 2011.
152
H. Pinnock, Steps Towards Learning: A Guide to Overcoming Language Barriers in Children’s Education (London: Save the Children, 2009).
153
Ball, Enhancing Learning.
154
Room to Read website, retrieved February 22, 2011.
155
Pratham Books, Annual Report 2009 (Mumbai: Pratham, 2009).
156
See http://www.sil.org/literacy/materials/primers/primer_software.htm.
157
Relevant secondary school is defined as the practical knowledge, thinking and behavioral skills needed for a safe, healthy transition to adulthood
and demanded by the labor market; World Bank, World Development Report 2007: Development and the Next Generation (Washington: World
Bank, 2007).
158
Psacharopoulos and Patrinos, Returns to Investment; K. Watkins, “When Learning Saves Lives: Education and Child Mortality,” World Education
Blog: Education for All <strong>Global</strong> Monitoring Report (Washington: World Bank, 2010); Rihani, Keeping the Promise; Lewis and Lockheed, Inexcusable
Absence; Lloyd and Young, New Lessons; B. Herz and G. Sperling, What Works in Girls’ Education: Evidence and Policies from the Developing World
(New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2004); K. Subbarao and Laura Rainey, “Social Gains from Female Education,” Economic Development
and Cultural Change 44, no. 1 (1995).
159
International Labor Organization, <strong>Global</strong> Employment Trends for Youth (Geneva: International Labor Organization, 2010).
160
Post-primary education is defined as learning opportunities available for children and young people having completed primary school or the
equivalent. It includes all forms of learning (formal and non-formal), all modes of delivery (i.e., distance learning and apprenticeships), and all
types of settings (community-based schools, work sites, etc.). W. Hoppers and S. Obeegadoo, “Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches
to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa,” in General Synthesis Report Presented at the ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa
(Maputo: Association for the Development of Education in Africa, 2008).
161
UNESCO, EFA <strong>Global</strong> Monitoring Report 2011.
162
Monica J. Grant and J. R. Berman, “Gender Gaps in Educational Attainment in Less Developed Countries,” Population and Development Review
36, no. 1 (2010): 71–89, http://paa2008.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=80214; Lloyd and Young, New Lessons; UNESCO, EFA <strong>Global</strong>
Monitoring Report 2011.
163
UNESCO, EFA <strong>Global</strong> Monitoring Report 2011.
164
Association for the Development of Education in Africa, “Transition to Post-Primary Education with a Special Focus on Girls,” in Biennale on
Education in Africa (Maputo: UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, 2008).
165
Lewin communication, March 25, 2011.
166
K. Lewin, Mapping the Missing Link Planning and Financing Secondary Education Development in Sub Saharan Africa. (Dakar: Second Regional
Conference Secondary Education in Africa, June 6-9, 2009).
167
C. Beggs, Report to MacArthur Foundation.
168
A. Verspoor, At the Crossroads: Choices for Secondary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa (Washington: World Bank, 2008).
169
Ibid.
170
Association for the Development of Education in Africa, “Transition to Post-Primary Education.”
171
Verspoor, At the Crossroads.
172
E. Kane, Girls’ Education in Africa: What Do We Know about Strategies That Work? Africa Region Human Development Working Paper 73 (Washington:
World Bank, 2004).
173
Association for the Development of Education in Africa, “Transition to Post-Primary Education.”
174
UNESCO, EFA <strong>Global</strong> Monitoring Report 2010.
A <strong>Global</strong> Compa c t on Learning: Taking Action on Educat i o n in Developing Countries
C e n t e r for Universal Educat i o n at Brookings
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