Facts & Trends Brazil: dairy market makes its move Wide-ranging restructuring schemes have had a dramatic impact in recent years on Brazil’s key economic data. The foreign trade balance alone has developed from a deficit of 24.2 billion USD in 2000 to a surplus of 12.9 billion USD in 2006. Agriculture has made a significant contribution to this positive growth. Dairy farming is an emerging branch within the agricultural sector. Having played a peripheral role in the past in comparison to other areas of agriculture, Brazil’s dairy industry has now developed to a stage where the country is not only capable of meeting its own milk and dairy product requirements, but is poised to become a net exporter. The foundations for this positive growth were laid at the close of the 1970s with farreaching programmes of land reform, new cultivation systems, the introduction of new cattle breeds such as the Zebu, and other radical changes to the conditions that existed at the time. Brazil’s dairy industry In 2007 Brazil is expected to knock Germany off fifth place in the rankings of the world’s biggest manufacturing countries. Of the approximately 27 billion litres of raw milk produced in Brazil, around 66 per cent is industrially processed by dairy firms, while the rest is used on the farms or sold directly by the farmers. Among the total of about 300 dairy firms operating in Brazil, which includes international concerns such as Nestlé, Danone and Parmalat, there are also Brazilian companies sig.biz/combibloc 01/ 08 such as Itambe and Elege. Together they achieve an annual processing volume in the region of 4.2 billion litres. The range of fluctuation in milk output per cow, from less than 1,000 to more than 8,000 kg per year is very high and shows there is still considerable potential for increasing milk production. Current dairy consumption Of the total of 27 billion litres of raw milk produced in 2006, 43 per cent was used for cheese manu-facture, 20 per cent for UHT milk and 15 per cent for powdered milk. Drinking milk products such as yoghurt and UHT milk are growing in popularity; fresh yoghurt products meet consumer needs for healthy nutrition, while UHT milk is the ideal product for building up a nation-wide supply network in such a vast country and under difficult climatic and transport conditions. Modern hypermarkets and supermarkets such as the international chains Carrefour, Wal Mart and Casino as well as Brazilian retail companies such as Atacado and Zaffari, are playing a key role in establishing this supply. Because 80 per cent of Brazil’s population lives in the cities, these retail outlets are concentrated there. From net importer to net exporter With a share of around 40 per cent (2005), Brazil’s agriculture industry is the country’s main export provider. Brazil is currently the world’s number one exporter of coffee, beef, poultry, cane sugar and soy, and it is among the top 5 exporters of soy oil cake, fruit juices, soy oil and pork world-wide. In 2005/2006 Brazil also entered the dairy market as an exporter for the first time. In 2000 Brazil imported 25,700 tonnes of cheese from, among others, the European Union, but by 2005 cheese imports had fallen to 3,300 tonnes. In the same period, Brazil increased its cheese exports from 2,400 tonnes to a current total of more than 11,000 tonnes. The same level of growth can be seen for whole milk powder. While Brazil used to import large quantities of whole milk powder, mainly from Argentina, these imports have now fallen sharply. In 2005 Brazil was able for the first time to export 30,000 tonnes of whole milk powder – 10,000 tonnes more than the 20,000 tonnes imported. Brazil is thus entering a new era as a net exporter of dairy products.
Brazil is now emerging onto the global dairy market as new competition for established providers such as the European Union, Oceania, the USA and others. Market observers see the timing of this market entry as extremely favourable. Facts & Trends 20/21 sig.biz/combibloc 01/ 08