The Pork Industry at a Glance - National Pork Board

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Quick Facts Quick Facts Introduction Table of Pork Did You Pork The History FAQ Contents Checkoff Know Facts of Pork Timeline 40,000 and 70,000 pigs were driven from Ohio to eastern markets in any one year. Drivers, the drovers’ hired hands, each managed up to 100 hogs, and the herds moved five to eight miles a day, covering distances up to 700 miles. The refrigerated railroad car transformed the meat industry when it was introduced shortly after the Civil War. It enabled packing plants to be centralized near points of production instead of near points of consumption. Large “terminal markets” with railroad access developed in major cities, such as Chicago, Kansas City, St. Joseph, Mo.; and Sioux City, Iowa. Large packing plants were located adjacent to these stockyards. Live pigs were shipped via railroad to the markets, and pork was shipped, again mainly by rail, to consumers nationwide. As a result of these transportation developments, the pork industry relocated to the upper Midwest, where ample amounts of feedgrains were produced, and the “Corn Belt” also became known as the “Hog Belt.” In fact, Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Nebraska, Indiana and Missouri held the top six spots in state rankings for pork production for many years. Iowa is still No. 1. The 1980s and 1990s brought major technological developments in the pork industry, some of which allowed production to grow dramatically in states not known for pig production. The most notable growth occurred in North Carolina, which is now the second largest porkproducing state. Despite inherently more expensive feed, North Carolina producers became cost competitive by using pigs with the genetic capability for higher reproductive efficiency and enhanced lean muscle growth, resulting in better feed efficiency. They also captured economies of size and developed pig-raising methods that controlled disease, and improved productive efficiency. Many producers in other areas have now adopted these same methods. Today the United States is one of the world’s leading pork-producing countries. Also, the U.S. became the largest pork exporter in 2005 and remains so today. U.S. production accounted for 10.5 percent of total world supply in 2008. You can find more informatin about today’s U.S. pork industry in the rest of this book. And for more information, go to the Pork Checkoff’s Web site at pork.org or call the Producer Service Center at (800) 456-PORK (7675). 36 History of Pork
Pork Production Public Pork Names and Environment Stats Glossary Today Health Safety Numbers Quick Facts Quick Facts Timeline 1954 National Swine Growers Council formed to pursue goal of developing a leaner, meattype hog and to develop more pork-specific promotion funding. 1966 Meeting of 90 pork producers – the “Moline 90” – in Moline, Ill., results in $40,000 “Get Ready” fund to launch a national voluntary market checkoff. 1967 The first voluntary market checkoff funds are collected in six pilot counties in Iowa and Illinois. 1968 Pork industry launches first national, porkspecific voluntary producer checkoff. Called “Nickels for Profit,” the program is based on a checkoff of five cents per hog. 1972 Pork industry starts celebrating October as National Pork Month. 1977 Voluntary producer checkoff is raised to 10 cents per head. 1985 The Pork Promotion, Research and Consumer Information Act of 1985 is signed into law. Known as the Pork Act, it provides a national, legislative Checkoff on sales of market hogs, breeding stock, imported hogs and pork products. 1986 National legislative Checkoff begins, with initial rate at 0.25 of one percent of the market value of each hog. 1987 The well-known national promotion campaign, Pork. The Other White Meat®, is introduced and through the Pork Checkoff begins repositioning pork as a lean, nutritious protein source. 1988 The first World Pork Expo at the Iowa State Fairgrounds in Des Moines, Iowa, attracts 60,000 people. 1989 The Checkoff’s Pork Quality Assurance® (PQA) Program is introduced. The producer education and management program emphasizes good management practices in the handling and use of animal health products. 1989 Technology developed with producer Checkoff funds is used by McDonald’s nationally to market The McRib® pork sandwich. 1990 The Checkoff-funded Market Basket Study examines the nutrient composition of pork at supermarkets nationwide. It reinforces the Pork. The Other White Meat® slogan, and shows that pork is, on average, 31 percent leaner than it was 10 years before due to pork producers responding to consumers wanting leaner pork. Notably, the study identifies the eight cuts of pork that are as lean as chicken. Timeline 37
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