School Community Integration Pilot Project - Department of Education

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A comparative analysis of education expenditure in Eastern Cape schools – November 2004 APPENDIX 1 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EASTERN CAPE EDUCATION SPENDING IN SCHOOLS 1. BACKGROUND Since 2000/01 the Eastern Cape Department of Education has received progressively increasing budgets. A rapid review of education spending completed in March 2004 found that the Department has been able to devote increased funding to school education. The Department now wishes to conduct a detailed analysis of education spending in schools examining the main factors driving and affecting education spending, especially personnel expenditure. It is proposed that a consultant is contracted through the Imbewu 2 programme to conduct this analysis. 2. TASKS Different factors affect education expenditure in schools at national and provincial level and within the Eastern Cape province itself. Analysis of the trends and the principal factors driving and affecting expenditure is needed. Analysis should be undertaken for the last three completed budget years for which final expenditure is available (2001/02 to 2003/04) and the current MTEF period (2004/05 to 2006/07), data permitting. 2.1. National and provincial funding for education National government allocates funding to provinces based on an Equitable Share Formula (ESF). The education component of this formula is based upon the school age population and the proportion of that age group in school. Funding for education is however not solely determined by national allocations. Provinces have their own authority to determine budget allocations between different departments and, to a greater or lesser extent, their own sources of funding for allocation. The National Department of Education and National Treasury conduct ongoing analysis of provincial education expenditure. Drawing on this material and analysis by non-governmental organisations, a brief review should be conducted of trends in the funding allocated to education, to school education and in the school population and enrolment cost drivers. 2.2. Factors driving school education expenditure in the Eastern Cape The principal task within the study is however the analysis of the main drivers of expenditure on school education within the Eastern Cape. As 88% of education expenditure was on personnel in 2003/04, expenditure on teachers and other staff in schools is a major focus. Analysis is required of the main elements within expenditure on school education in the Eastern Cape, especially those most crucial for school education. These elements are Personnel, Infrastructure, Learning Materials and Norms and Standards funding. The impact of expenditure on personnel backlogs on the available budget must also be analysed. Data at this level will only be available for the Eastern Cape and comparison with a small number of provinces, probably Western Cape. The following factors require detailed analysis. 54
A comparative analysis of education expenditure in Eastern Cape schools – November 2004 Personnel High personnel expenditure in schools risks ‘crowding out’ non-personnel on learner materials and other essential items. Detailed analysis is needed in the following areas: • Trends in expenditure on school staff, especially educators, and in the numbers of staff. • The impact of the post provisioning model for schools on personnel expenditure must be analysed in detail, in combination with the effect of school size and type (primary, secondary, combined) on personnel requirements. • The impact of personnel expenditure on available non-personnel funding in schools. • The impact of educator qualifications on personnel expenditure in schools. • Trends in Learner:Educator ratios both within the province and with respect to other provinces. • Linking to the post provisioning model, trends in the numbers of educators per school. Infrastructure Analysis is required of expenditure on school construction, upgrading and maintenance and their trends, together with Learner:Classroom and Educator:Classroom ratios and trends. Learner Materials Analysis is required of expenditure on Learner Materials, including per capita expenditure and trends. Norms and Standards Analysis is required of the allocations to Section 21 schools under the norms and standards for schools funding, including the allocations and expenditure per capita and trends. 3. OUTPUTS The outputs from the study will be: • A detailed analysis of factors driving costs in school education in the Eastern Cape, especially personnel, compared with other provinces. • An analysis of the scope for reallocating or dedicating additional funding for education at national and provincial level. • Recommendations on the allocation of the resources for school education in the Eastern Cape, especially personnel, to increase education efficiency. 4. SKILLS AND TIME REQUIRED A consultant with experience in education finance and economics, especially in the Eastern Cape, is required. Familiarity with the South African education system and experience with education data analysis will also be needed to undertake the study. It is estimated that 20 person days will be needed to complete the study. 55
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CONTENTS SUMMARY i 1. INTRODUCTION
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A comparative analysis of education
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School Community Integration Pilot Project - Department of Education

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