Malaysia - SETatWork - Sustainable Energy Technology at Work

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For most of the SREP projects, sustainable energy technology (SET) is used to generate energy from the RE resources, particularly biomass. The main technology involved includes boiler and fuel handling system which should reduce the moisture content of the biomass for optimised combustion. Most of these boilers and fuel handling systems are originated from developed countries, but manufactured locally under certain agreement between the developed countries and local boiler manufacturers; initiating technology transfer participation between countries. 4.1 CDM Potential in Malaysia Malaysia has abundant waste resources consists of forestry, agricultural crops, trees, plant, organic waste and residue as well as agricultural effluence, agro-industrial and domestic origin i.e. sewage and municipal solid waste. It is expected the overall of 665 MW capacity from about 20.8 millions tonne of biomass residues from palm oil, wood and agro-industries and 31.5 millions m 3 of palm oil mill effluent (POME) is used for power generation and cogeneration. If necessary, the unexploited biomass waste resources such as logging wood residues, rice straw, palm kernel trunks and other residues could supplement future biomass-based power generation in the country. The implementation of the environmental friendly projects leads to reduction of greenhouse gases. Malaysia ratified the Kyoto Protocol on 4 September 2002 and is thus a Party of the Kyoto Protocol. As present, as a developing country Malaysia is not subjected to any commitments towards reducing GHG emissions. However, as a Party of Kyoto, Malaysia can voluntarily participate in the CDM and benefit from investments in the GHG emission reduction projects. Under the international agreement, efforts in reducing greenhouse gases emissions promote cost-effective means of achieving the reduction commitments. The Clean Development Mechanism is the flexible financing tool designed to assist developed countries in the reduction of GHG emissions while assisting developing countries meeting sustainable development goal. The additional funding channelled through the CDM could assist Malaysia in reaching its sustainable development objectives, such as cleaner air and water, improved land use and in many cases, reduced dependence on fossil fuels. It is believed that CDM could stimulate the implementation of RE development in Malaysia. CDM can stimulate a capacity of up to 350 MW of small-scale renewable energy projects in Malaysia until 2010. Table 2 shows examples of the types of potential projects. 15
Table 2: Examples of Potential Projects for CDM Sector Type of Projects Renewable Energy • Biomass power generation – on-grid and off-grid • Biogas • Solar: Solar water heating; solar photovoltaic systems • Hydro: Mini-hydro power Energy Efficiency • Improving efficiency in electricity production; improving Improvement combined heat and electricity production • Improved boilers; more efficient process heat and steam systems • Fuel switching Waste Management • Power and heat production from wastes • Gas recovery from landfills • Anaerobic waste water treatment Transportation • Efficiency improvements for vehicles • Switch to fuel systems with lower emissions Forestry • Afforestation projects • Reforestation Source: Malaysia CDM Information Handbook 4.1.1 Biomass Fuels On national scale, biomass fuels contributes about 16% to today’s energy consumption, of which about 51% is palm oil biomass waste and about 22% is wood waste. The bioenergy is a conversion of biological waste matter into valuable energy source capable of taking the place of fossil fuels. The common practice of generating biomass fuels from palm oil solid residues is by using direct combustion system 5 . These conventional technologies operate at low pressure using horizontal fixed grate three-pass boilers. The industry is essentially energy self-sufficient using fibres and shells. Meanwhile, for the wood waste fuel system, direct combustion system is used for basic heat recovery for generation of saturated steam at low pressure for drying purposes. The bio-fuel is for direct combustion for power generation and liquid fuel transportation. Types of bio-fuel are bio-ethanol (made by carbohydrates) and bio-diesel (made from fats or oils). 4.1.2 Biogas and Landfill Gas The anaerobic degradation of biomass waste resulted in methane emissions. Focus was placed on fast methane emitting sources where energy recovery from the projects can 5 Technology Assessment Guide, Pusat Tenaga Malaysia 16
Page 1 and 2: COUNTRY REPORT MALAYSIA To: T@W ‘
Page 3 and 4: 5.5 Kim Loong Methane Recovery for
Page 5 and 6: 1.1 Malaysia Energy Policy Energy h
Page 7 and 8: 1.3 Malaysia Energy Consumption Fig
Page 9 and 10: In consonance with the growth of th
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Page 13 and 14: Criterion 2: Implementation of CDM
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Page 31 and 32: The project estimate the GHG reduct
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Page 37 and 38: Type of organisation: Host Company
Page 39 and 40: incentives from CDM will be 0.5 per
Page 41 and 42: “EAU, CER, ERU, AAU”: Methodolo
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