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e options for the renewable energy development in Malaysia. PTM with a support of DANIDA has conducted a study on ‘CDM Potential in the Waste Sectors’. The result from the waste resources assessment indicates that the total methane emissions from the waste sectors analysed is approximately 1.3 million metric tons (mT) per year (compared to total methane emission in Malaysia of 2.2 million mT estimated in 1994). The most significant methane emission sources are landfill gas from municipal solid waste (53%), followed by biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME - 38%). Less significant sources in terms of total potential include swine manure (6%) and industrial effluent (3%). The total carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) equivalent for methane emissions is estimated to be around 27 million mT, approximately 19% of the total greenhouse gas emission in Malaysia at 1994’s level (total of 144 million CO 2 equivalent). The total potential certified emission reduction units (CERs) within the waste sectors analysed is between the ranges of 9 -10 million CERs per year. Among these potential CERs, POME biogas projects emerge as the most promising sector (52%) where landfill gas is second (38%). This is interesting since the baseline emissions from landfills are higher than POME but the recovery potential for CERs is proven to be less as compared to POME biogas. The study concludes that the potential of CDM within the waste sectors is especially high within the palm oil mills and municipal landfills in Malaysia. Based on PTM/DANIDA study on ‘Preliminary Assessment of Selected Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technologies’, the actual amount of biogas derived from the treatment of POME will very much depend on the technologies used, and the efficiency of the such technologies. The actual biogas achieved will have significant impact on setting the baseline for greenhouse emissions for CDM. The open ponding systems are commonly practiced by most of the oil palm millers. There is no capture of gaseous emissions. With the potential of CDM in this field, closed anaerobic digestion systems can be introduced for the purpose of methane captured activity. 4.2 Potential of CDM to Assist SREP Projects The saving of GHG emission stems from the fact that fossil fuels are replaced. For offgrid projects diesel for engines is often the replaced fuel. For grid-connected electricity producing projects the avoided emissions from the power stations connected can be calculated according to international standards. For combined heat and power projects, GHG emissions may also be saved from the production of heat. For palm oil mills – where many SREP projects are located – biomass 17
would be used for heat production and thus no extra GHG savings accrue for the heat produced from biomass combustion. The results from a preliminary study of the CDM potential in Malaysia is summarised in the following table. Table 1 shows the expected potential for implementing CDM projects in Malaysia and the extent to which this could lead support for SREP-projects. It should be stressed that the results are still preliminary and also that the realisation of the potential for SREP project will depend upon the removal of other barriers for SREPprojects such as high costs for grid connection and difficult negotiations with TNB. Table 3: Potential Volume of CERs, MW for different types of SREP Projects and the power plant technologies Project type CERs per year in 2010 MW electricity as SREP Power plant technology Biogas POME + animal manure 5,900,000 190 MW Gas Engine (40% efficiency) Landfill gas 3,700,000 45 MW Gas Engine (40% efficiency) Reduction of gas 4,600,000 N/A N/A flaring from oil production Mini hydro 70,000 25 MW Turbine (60-90 % efficiency) Biomass CHP 380,000 90 MW Boiler and Steam Turbine (23% efficiency, 40barg, 520degC) Other projects 6 3,150,000 N/A N/A Total 17,800,000 350 MW 6 Including energy efficiency projects and biomass for industry and central power 18
Page 1 and 2: COUNTRY REPORT MALAYSIA To: T@W ‘
Page 3 and 4: 5.5 Kim Loong Methane Recovery for
Page 5 and 6: 1.1 Malaysia Energy Policy Energy h
Page 7 and 8: 1.3 Malaysia Energy Consumption Fig
Page 9 and 10: In consonance with the growth of th
Page 11 and 12: 3 CDM in Malaysia 3.1 CDM Project D
Page 13 and 14: Criterion 2: Implementation of CDM
Page 15 and 16: to that, the technology transfer an
Page 17 and 18: 4 SET Opportunities Malaysia is wel
Page 19: Table 2: Examples of Potential Proj
Page 23 and 24: 5.1.3 Technical details: Technical
Page 25 and 26: 5.1.8 Photo library: Figure 1: Proj
Page 27 and 28: Aims: Operation time: Feasibility s
Page 29 and 30: GHG-emission reduction: “EAU, CER
Page 31 and 32: The project estimate the GHG reduct
Page 33 and 34: GHG emission reductions: ‘EAU, CE
Page 35 and 36: 5.4.3 Technical details: 5.4.4 Ener
Page 37 and 38: Type of organisation: Host Company
Page 39 and 40: incentives from CDM will be 0.5 per
Page 41 and 42: “EAU, CER, ERU, AAU”: Methodolo
Page 43 and 44: Type of organisation: Project Parti
Page 45 and 46: iomass energy resources and non-ene
Page 47 and 48: In term of site selection, PTM will
Page 49 and 50: 6.3 Main Player and Target Groups f
Page 51 and 52: ANNEX 1 Project Developer CDM proje
Page 53: Project Developer Annex 3 PIN and C

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