EOP Historical Tables of the U.S. Budget - Social Sciences Division

HISTORICAL 

TABLES 

BUDGET OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

Fiscal Year 1998

THE BUDGET DOCUMENTS 

Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1998 

contains the Budget Message of the President and information on 

the President’s 1998 budget proposals. In addition, the Budget includes 

a descriptive discussion of Federal programs organized by function, 

i.e., by the primary purpose of the activity. 

Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Government, 

Fiscal Year 1998 contains analyses that are designed to highlight 

specified subject areas or provide other significant presentations 

of budget data that place the budget in perspective. 

The Analytical Perspectives volume includes economic and accounting 

analyses; information on Federal receipts and collections; analyses 

of Federal spending; detailed information on Federal borrowing and 

debt; the Budget Enforcement Act preview report; current services 

estimates; and other technical presentations. It also includes information 

on the budget system and concepts and a listing of the Federal 

programs by agency and account. 

Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government, 

Fiscal Year 1998 provides data on budget receipts, outlays, surpluses 

or deficits, Federal debt, and Federal employment covering 

an extended time period—in most cases beginning in fiscal year 1940 

or earlier and ending in fiscal year 2002. These are much longer 

time periods than those covered by similar tables in other budget 

documents. As much as possible, the data in this volume and all 

other historical data in the budget documents have been made consistent 

with the concepts and presentation used in the 1998 Budget, 

so the data series are comparable over time. 

Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1998— 

Appendix contains detailed information on the various appropriations 

and funds that constitute the budget and is designed primarily 

for the use of the Appropriations Committee. The Appendix contains 

more detailed financial information on individual programs and appropriation 

accounts than any of the other budget documents. It 

includes for each agency: the proposed text of appropriations language, 

budget schedules for each account, new legislative proposals, 

explanations of the work to be performed and the funds needed, 

and proposed general provisions applicable to the appropriations of 

entire agencies or group of agencies. Supplemental and rescission 

proposals for the current year are presented separately. Information 

is also provided on certain activities whose outlays are not part 

of the budget totals. 

A Citizen’s Guide to the Federal Budget, Budget of the United 

States Government, Fiscal Year 1998 is an Office of Management 

and Budget (OMB) publication that provides general information 

about the budget and the budget process for the general public. 

Budget System and Concepts, Fiscal Year 1998 contains an 

explanation of the system and concepts used to formulate the President’s 

budget proposals. 

AUTOMATED SOURCES OF BUDGET INFORMATION 

The information contained in these documents is available in 

electronic format from the following sources: 

CD-ROM. The CD-ROM contains all of the budget documents and 

software to support reading, printing, and searching the documents. 

The CD-ROM also has many of the tables in the budget in 

spreadsheet format. 

Internet. All budget documents, including documents that are 

released at a future date, will be available for downloading in several 

formats from the Internet. To access documents through the World 

Wide Web, use the following address: 

http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/budget/index.html 

For more information on access to the budget documents, call tollfree 

(888) 293–6498. 

GENERAL NOTES 

1. All years referred to are fiscal years, unless otherwise noted. 

2. Detail in this document may not add to the totals due to rounding. 

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 1997 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 

1

Contents of the Historical Tables 

Page 

Introduction: 

Structure, Coverage and Concepts ........................................................................................................................................ 1 

Section Notes .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 

Historical Trends .................................................................................................................................................................... 15 

Section 1—Overview of Federal Government Finances ............................................................................................................. 19 

Table 1.1—Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–): 1789–2002 .................................................... 19 

Table 1.2—Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) as Percentages of GDP: 1930–2002 ............. 21 

Table 1.3—Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) in Current Dollars, Constant (FY 1992) 

Dollars, and as Percentages of GDP: 1940–2002 ............................................................................................................. 23 

Table 1.4—Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) by Fund Group: 1934–2002 ............................................... 25 

Section 2—Composition of Federal Government Receipts ......................................................................................................... 27 

Table 2.1—Receipts by Source: 1934–2002 .......................................................................................................................... 27 

Table 2.2—Percentage Composition of Receipts by Source: 1934–2002 ............................................................................ 29 

Table 2.3—Receipts by Source as Percentages of GDP: 1934–2002 .................................................................................. 31 

Table 2.4—Composition of Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions and of Excise Taxes: 1940–2002 ...................... 33 

Table 2.5—Composition of ‘‘Other Receipts’’: 1940–2002 .................................................................................................... 40 

Section 3—Federal Government Outlays by Function ............................................................................................................... 42 

Table 3.1—Outlays by Superfunction and Function: 1940–2002 ....................................................................................... 42 

Table 3.2—Outlays by Function and Subfunction: 1962–2002 ........................................................................................... 50 

Section 4—Federal Government Outlays by Agency .................................................................................................................. 65 

Table 4.1—Outlays by Agency: 1962–2002 .......................................................................................................................... 65 

Table 4.2—Percentage Distribution of Outlays by Agency: 1962–2002 ............................................................................. 70 

Section 5—Budget Authority (On-and Off-Budget) .................................................................................................................... 75 

Table 5.1—Budget Authority by Function and Subfunction: 1976–2002 .......................................................................... 75 

Table 5.2—Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2002 .......................................................................................................... 87 

Table 5.3—Percentage Distribution of Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2002 ............................................................ 91 

Section 6—Composition of Federal Government Outlays .......................................................................................................... 95 

Table 6.1—Composition of Outlays: 1940–2002 .................................................................................................................. 95 

Section 7—Federal Debt ............................................................................................................................................................... 102 

Table 7.1—Federal Debt at the End of Year: 1940–2002 ................................................................................................... 102 

Table 7.2—Debt Subject to Statutory Limit: 1940–2002 .................................................................................................... 104 

Table 7.3—Statutory Limits on Federal Debt: 1940–Current ............................................................................................ 105 

Section 8—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category ........................................................................................................ 109 

Table 8.1—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category: 1962–2002 ............................................................................. 109 

Table 8.2—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars: 1962–2002 ......................... 110 

Table 8.3—Percentage Distribution of Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category: 1962–2002 ............................... 111 

Table 8.4—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category as Percentages of GDP: 1962–2002 ..................................... 112 

Table 8.5—Outlays for Mandatory and Related Programs: 1962–2002 ............................................................................ 113 

Table 8.6—Outlays for Mandatory and Related Programs in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars: 1962–2002 ........................ 118 

Table 8.7—Outlays for Discretionary Programs: 1962–2002 .............................................................................................. 123 

Table 8.8—Outlays for Discretionary Programs in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars: 1962–2002 .......................................... 128 

Table 8.9—Budget Authority for Discretionary Programs: 1976–2002 ............................................................................. 133 

Section 9—Federal Government Outlays for Major Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and 

Training ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 137 

Table 9.1—Total Investment Outlays for Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training: 

1962–1998 .................................................................................................................................................................... 137 

Table 9.2—Major Physical Capital Investment Outlays in Current and Constant (FY 1992) Dollars: 1940–1998 ...... 138 

Table 9.3—Major Public Physical Capital Investment Outlays in Percentage Terms: 1940–1998 ................................. 140 

Table 9.4—National Defense Outlays for Major Public Direct Physical Capital Investment: 1940–1998 ..................... 141 

Table 9.5—Nondefense Outlays for Major Public Direct Physical Capital Investment: 1940–1998 ............................... 142 

Table 9.6—Composition of Outlays for Grants for Major Public Physical Capital Investment: 1941–1998 .................. 144 

i

ii 

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES 

Contents of the Historical Tables—Continued 

Page 

Section 9 (Continued). 

Table 9.7—Summary of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949–1998 (In Current Dollars, as 

Percentages of Total Outlays, as Percentages of GDP, and in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars) ....................................... 150 

Table 9.8—Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949–1998 .................................... 151 

Table 9.9—Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Education and Training: 1962–1998 ......................................... 157 

Section 10—Gross Domestic Product and Implicit Outlay Deflators ........................................................................................ 160 

Table 10.1—Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940–2002 ..................................... 160 

Section 11—Federal Government Payments for Individuals ..................................................................................................... 162 

Table 11.1—Summary Comparison of Outlays for Payments for Individuals: 1940–2002 (In Current Dollars, as 

Percentages of Total Outlays, as Percentages of GDP, and in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars) ....................................... 162 

Table 11.2—Functional Composition of Outlays for Payments for Individuals: 1940–2002 ............................................ 164 

Table 11.3—Outlays for Payments for Individuals by Category and Major Program: 1940–2002 ................................. 172 

Section 12—Federal Grants To State and Local Governments ................................................................................................. 194 

Table 12.1—Summary Comparison of Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments: 1940–2002 (in 

Current Dollars, as Percentages of Total Outlays, as Percentages of GDP, and in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars) ..... 194 

Table 12.2—Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments, by Function and Fund Group: 1940–2002 ... 196 

Table 12.3—Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments, by Function, Agency, and Program: 

1940–2002 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 202 

Section 13—Social Security and Medicare .................................................................................................................................. 244 

Table 13.1—Cash Income, Outgo, and Balances of the Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds: 1936–2002 .......... 244 

Section 14—Federal Sector Transactions in the National Income and Product Accounts ...................................................... 254 

Table 14.1—Federal Transactions in the National Income and Product Accounts for Federal Fiscal Years: 

1960–1998 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 254 

Table 14.2—Federal Transactions in the National Income and Product Accounts as Percentages of GDP for Federal 

Fiscal Years: 1960–1998 ..................................................................................................................................................... 257 

Section 15—Total (Federal and State and Local) Government Finances ................................................................................. 260 

Table 15.1—Total Government Receipts in Absolute Amounts and as Percentages of GDP: 1960–1996 ...................... 260 

Table 15.2—Total Government Expenditures: 1960–1996 ................................................................................................. 261 

Table 15.3—Total Government Expenditures as Percentages of GDP: 1960–1996 .......................................................... 262 

Table 15.4—Total Government Expenditures by Major Category of Expenditure: 1960–1996 ....................................... 263 

Table 15.5—Total Government Expenditures by Major Category of Expenditure as Percentages of GDP: 1960–1996 264 

Table 15.6—Total Government Surpluses or Deficits (–) in Absolute Amounts and as Percentages of GDP: 

1960–1996 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 265 

Section 16—Federal Health Spending ......................................................................................................................................... 266 

Table 16.1—Total Outlays for Health Programs: 1962–2002 ............................................................................................. 266 

Section 17—Government Employment ........................................................................................................................................ 267 

Table 17.1—Total Executive Branch Civilian Employees, 1940–1996 .............................................................................. 267 

Table 17.2—Total Executive Branch Civilian Employees, 1940–1996 (as percentage of total) ....................................... 268 

Table 17.3—Total Executive Branch Civilian Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employees, 1981–1999 .............................. 269 

Table 17.4—Total Executive Branch Civilian Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employees, 1981–1998 (as percentage of 

total) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 270 

Table 17.5—Government Employment and Population, 1962–1996 .................................................................................. 271

INTRODUCTION 

STRUCTURE, COVERAGE AND CONCEPTS 

Historical Tables provides budget users with 

a wide range of data on Federal Government 

finances. Many of the data series begin 

in 1940 and include estimates of the President’s 

budget for 1997–2002. Additionally, 

Table 1.1 provides data on receipts, outlays, 

and surpluses or deficits for 1901–1939 and 

for earlier multi-year periods. 

Note on GDP and Constant-Dollar Data 

Many of the tables in this document show 

receipts or outlays as percentages of Gross 

Domestic Product (GDP) or show budget 

data in constant-dollar (i.e., inflation-adjusted) 

terms. These data are shown on what is 

called a post-benchmark basis. The Bureau 

of Economic Analysis of the Department of 

Commerce has recently completed a benchmark 

revision to the National Income and 

Product Accounts, which include GDP and 

the components used to calculate various 

deflators to construct constant-dollar time 

series data. Unfortunately, their revision has 

only been completed back to fiscal year 

1960. To preserve the consistency of the 

time series data contained in the Historical 

Tables, many of which go back to 1940 

or earlier, the GPD figures and the deflators 

for constant-dollar data prior to FY 1960 

are approximations of the anticipated postbenchmark 

revision values. The pre-benchmark 

GDP data for years prior to FY 1960 have 

been increased by 2 1 ⁄2 percent to approximate 

the post-benchmark levels. The deflators for 

FY 1960 and beyond were calculated using 

the new chain-weighted constant dollar NIPA 

data. The deflators for years prior to FY 

1960 were calculated by applying the yearto-year 

percentage change in the pre-benchmark 

revision (fixed-weight) deflators to the 

various 1960 deflator levels. 

Structure 

This document is composed of 17 sections, 

each of which has one or more tables. 

Each section covers a common theme. Section 

1, for example, provides an overview of 

the budget and off-budget totals; Section 

2 provides tables on receipts by source; 

and Section 3 shows outlays by function. 

When a section contains several tables, the 

general rule is to start with tables showing 

the broadest overview data and then work 

down to more detailed tables. The purpose 

of these tables is to present a broad range 

of historical budgetary data in one convenient 

reference source and to provide relevant comparisons 

most likely to be of assistance. 

The most common comparisons are in terms 

of proportions (e.g., each major receipt category 

as a percentage of total receipts and of 

the gross domestic product). 

Section notes explain the nature of the 

activities covered by the tables in each section. 

Additional descriptive information is also included 

where appropriate. Explanations are 

generally not repeated, but there are occasional 

cross-references to related materials. 

Because of the numerous changes in the 

way budget data have been presented over 

time, there are inevitable difficulties in trying 

to produce comparable data to cover many 

years. The general rule is to provide data 

in as meaningful and comparable a fashion 

as possible. To the extent feasible, the data 

are presented on a basis consistent with 

current budget concepts. When a structural 

change is made, insofar as possible the data 

are adjusted for all years. 

One significant change in recent years 

concerns the budgetary treatment of Federal 

credit programs, which was changed by the 

Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990. Previously 

the budget recorded the cost of direct and 

guaranteed loans on a cash basis. Under 

credit reform, the budget only records budget 

authority and outlays for the subsidy cost 

of direct and guaranteed loans made in 

1992 and subsequent years. The subsidy 

is defined as the net estimated cash flows 

1

2 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES 

to and from the Government over the life 

of the loan, discounted to the present. The 

cash transactions are recorded as means 

of financing the deficit. Because it was impossible 

to convert the pre–1992 loans to a 

credit reform basis, the data are on a cash 

basis for pre–1992 loans and on a credit 

reform basis for loans made in 1992 and 

subsequent years. 

Coverage 

The Federal Government has used the 

unified or consolidated budget concept as 

the foundation for its budgetary analysis 

and presentation since the 1969 budget. The 

basic guidelines for the unified budget were 

presented in the Report of the President’s 

Commission on Budget Concepts (October 

1967). The Commission recommended the 

budget include all Federal fiscal activities 

unless there were exceptionally persuasive 

reasons for exclusion. Nevertheless, from the 

very beginning some programs were perceived 

as warranting special treatment. Indeed, the 

Commission itself recommended a bifurcated 

presentation: a ‘‘unified budget’’ composed 

of an ‘‘expenditure account’’ and a ‘‘loan 

account.’’ The distinction between the expenditure 

account and the loan account proved 

to be confusing and caused considerable complication 

in the budget for little benefit. 

As a result, this distinction was eliminated 

starting with the 1974 budget. However, 

even prior to the 1974 budget, the Export- 

Import Bank had been excluded by law 

from the budget totals, and other exclusions 

followed. The structure of the budget was 

gradually revised to show the off-budget transactions 

in many locations along with the 

on-budget transactions, and the off-budget 

amounts were added to the on-budget amounts 

in order to show total Federal spending. 

The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 

Control Act of 1985 (Public Law 99–177) 

repealed the off-budget status of all then 

existing off-budget entities, but it also included 

a provision moving the Federal old-age, survivors, 

and disability insurance funds (collectively 

known as social security) off-budget. 

To provide a consistent time series, the 

budget historical data show social security 

off-budget for all years since its inception, 

and show all formerly off-budget entities 

on-budget for all years. The Omnibus Budget 

Reconciliation Act of 1989 (OBRA 1989) moved 

the Postal Service fund off-budget, starting 

in fiscal year 1989. Prior to that year, 

the Postal Service fund is shown on-budget. 

Though social security and the Postal Service 

are now off-budget, they continue to 

be Federal programs. Indeed, social security 

currently accounts for about one-fourth of 

all Federal receipts and one-fifth of all Federal 

spending. Hence, the budget documents include 

these funds and focus on the Federal 

totals that combine the on-budget and offbudget 

amounts. Various budget tables and 

charts show total Federal receipts, outlays, 

and surpluses and deficits, and divide these 

totals between the portions that are onbudget 

and off-budget. 

Changes in Historical Budget Authority, 

Outlays, Receipts and Deficits 

Totals for 1984 through 1995 have changed 

from those published in the 1997 Budget. 

Budget authority, outlays and receipts for 

the FCC Universal Service fund have been 

added to the budget for the 1984-1994 period. 

While the deficits are unchanged as a result 

of this addition, budget authority, outlays 

and receipts all increase by amounts ranging 

from $42 million in 1984 up to $890 million 

in 1994. 

Correction of Maritime Administration outlays 

reported to the Treasury for 1992 reduces 

outlays and the deficit by $1 million, and 

corrections to the Farm Credit System Financial 

Assistance Corporation reduce 1993 outlays 

and the deficit by $127 million. 

Various other adjustments by the Treasury 

Department to 1995 actual receipts and outlays 

decrease outlays by $3,404 million, receipts 

by $3,383 million, and the deficit 

by $21 million. Most of this change in 

receipts and outlays results from a conceptual 

change in the scoring of the FCC’s Universal 

Service Fund. A substantially smaller portion 

of the fund is now reflected in the budget 

totals ($0.9 billion versus $3.4 billion in 

1995). 

For 1990 and beyond, budget authority 

equal to the obligation limitation for adminis-


3 

trative expenses for certain special and trust 

funds has been reclassified as discretionary 

rather than mandatory to conform to the 

current treatment required for most other 

such funds as a result of the Budget Enforcement 

Act of 1990 (see Notes on Section 

5, below). 

Note on the Fiscal Year 

The Federal fiscal year begins on October 

1 and ends on the subsequent September 

30. It is designated by the year in which 

it ends; for example, fiscal year 1995 began 

on October 1, 1994, and ended on September 

30, 1995. Prior to fiscal year 1977 the 

Federal fiscal years began on July 1 and 

ended on June 30. In calendar year 1976 

the July-September period was a separate 

accounting period (known as the transition 

quarter or TQ) to bridge the period required 

to shift to the new fiscal year. 

Concepts Relevant to the Historical 

Tables 

Budget (or ‘‘on-budget’’) receipts constitute 

the income side of the budget; they are 

composed almost entirely of taxes or other 

compulsory payments to the Government. Any 

income from business-type activities (e.g., interest 

income or sale of electric power), 

and any income by Government accounts 

arising from payments by other Government 

accounts is offset against outlays, so that 

total budget outlays are reported net of 

offsetting collections. This method of accounting 

permits users to easily identify the size 

and trends in Federal taxes and other compulsory 

income, and in Federal spending financed 

from taxes, other compulsory income, or borrowing. 

Budget surplus refers to any excess 

of budget receipts over budget outlays, while 

budget deficit refers to any excess of budget 

outlays over budget receipts. 

The terms off-budget receipts, off-budget 

outlays, off-budget surpluses, and off-budget 

deficits refer to similar categories for offbudget 

activities. The sum of the on-budget 

and off-budget transactions constitute the 

consolidated or total Federal Government 

transactions. 

The budget is divided between two fund 

groups, Federal funds and trust funds. The 

Federal funds grouping includes all receipts 

and outlays not specified by law as being 

trust funds. All Federal funds are on-budget 

except for the Postal Service fund starting 

with fiscal year 1989. All trust funds are 

on-budget, except the two social security 

retirement trust funds, which are shown 

off-budget for all years. 

The term trust fund as used in Federal 

budget accounting is frequently misunderstood. 

In the private sector, ‘‘trust’’ refers to funds 

of one party held by a second party (the 

trustee) in a fiduciary capacity. In the Federal 

budget, the term ‘‘trust fund’’ means only 

that the law requires the funds be accounted 

for separately and used only for specified 

purposes and that the account in which 

the funds are deposited is designated as 

a ‘‘trust fund.’’ A change in law may change 

the future receipts and the terms under 

which the fund’s resources are spent. The 

determining factor as to whether a particular 

fund is designated as a ‘‘Federal’’ fund or 

‘‘trust’’ fund is the law governing the fund. 

The largest trust funds are for retirement 

and social insurance (e.g., civil service and 

military retirement, social security, medicare, 

and unemployment benefits). They are financed 

largely by social insurance taxes and 

contributions and payments from the general 

fund (the main component of Federal funds). 

However, there are also major trust funds 

for transportation (highway and airport and 

airways) and for other programs financed 

in whole or in part by user charges. 

The budget documents do not separately 

show user charges. Frequently there is confusion 

between the concept of user charges 

and the concept of offsetting collections. User 

charges are charges for services rendered. 

Such charges may take the form of taxes 

(budget receipts), such as highway excise 

taxes used to finance the highway trust 

fund. They may also take the form of businesstype 

charges, in which case they are offsetting 

collections—offset against budget outlays rather 

than being recorded as budget receipts. 

Examples of such charges are the proceeds 

from the sale of electric power by the Tennessee 

Valley Authority and medical insurance


premiums paid to medicare’s supplementary 

medical insurance trust fund. User charges 

may go to the general fund of the Treasury 

or they may be ‘‘earmarked’’. If the funds 

are earmarked, it means the collections are 

separately identified and used for a specified 

purpose—they are not commingled (in an 

accounting sense) with any other money. 

This does not mean the money is actually 

kept in a separate bank account. All money 

in the Treasury is merged for efficient cash 

management. However, any earmarked funds 

are accounted for in such a way that the 

balances are always identifiable and available 

for the stipulated purposes.

SECTION NOTES 

Notes on Section 1 (Overview of Federal 

Government Finances) 

This section provides an overall perspective 

on total receipts, outlays (spending), and 

surpluses or deficits, the on-budget and offbudget 

amounts are also separately shown. 

Tables 1.1 and 1.2 have similar structures; 

1.1 shows the data in millions of dollars, 

while 1.2 shows the same data as percentages 

of the gross domestic product (GDP). For 

all the historical tables, fiscal year GDP 

is used to calculate percentages of GDP. 

The fiscal year GDP data are shown in 

Table 1.2. Additionally, Table 1.1 shows budget 

totals annually back to 1901 and for 

multi-year periods back to 1789. 

Table 1.3 shows total Federal receipts, 

outlays, and surpluses or deficits in current 

and constant dollars, and as percentages 

of GDP. Section 6 provides a disaggregation 

of the constant dollar outlays. 

Table 1.4 shows receipts, outlays and surpluses 

or deficits for the consolidated budget 

by fund group. The budget is composed 

of two principal fund groups—Federal funds 

and trust funds. Normally, whenever data 

are shown by fund group, any payments 

from programs in one fund group to accounts 

of the other are shown as outlays of the 

paying fund and receipts of the collecting 

fund. When the two fund groups are aggregated 

to arrive at budget totals these interfund 

transactions are deducted from both receipts 

and outlays in order to arrive at transactions 

with the public. Table 1.4 displays receipts 

and outlays on a gross basis. That is, in 

contrast to normal budget practice, collections 

of interfund payments are included in the 

receipts totals rather than as offsets to outlays. 

These interfund collections are grossed-up 

to more closely approximate cash income 

and outgo of the fund groups. 

Notes on Section 2 (Composition of 

Federal Government Receipts) 

Section 2 provides historical information 

on on-budget and off-budget receipts. Table 

2.1 shows total receipts divided into five 

major categories; it also shows the split 

between on-budget and off-budget receipts. 

Table 2.2 shows the receipts by major category 

as percentages of total receipts, while Table 

2.3 shows the same categories of receipts 

as percentages of GDP. Table 2.4 

disaggregates two of the major receipts categories, 

social insurance taxes and contributions 

and excise taxes, and Table 2.5 

disaggregates the ‘‘other receipts’’ category. 

While the focus of the section is on total 

Federal receipts, auxiliary data show the 

amounts of trust fund receipts in each category, 

so it is possible to readily distinguish 

the Federal fund and trust fund portions. 

Notes on Section 3 (Federal Government 

Outlays by Function) 

Section 3 displays Federal Government outlays 

(on-budget and off-budget) according to 

their functional classification. The functional 

structure is divided into 18 broad areas 

(functions) that provide a coherent and comprehensive 

basis for analyzing the budget. 

Each function, in turn, is divided into basic 

groupings of programs entitled subfunctions. 

The structure has two categories—allowances 

and undistributed offsetting receipts—that are 

not truly functions but are required in order 

to cover the entire budget. At times a more 

summary presentation of functional data is 

needed; the data by ‘‘superfunction’’ is produced 

to satisfy this need. Table 3.1 provides 

outlays by superfunction and function while 

Table 3.2 shows outlays by function and 

subfunction. 

In arraying data on a functional basis, 

budget authority and outlays are classified 

according to the primary purpose of the 

activity. To the extent feasible, this classification 

is made without regard to agency or 

organizational distinctions. Classifying each 

activity solely in the function defining its 

most important purpose—even though many 

activities serve more than one purpose— 

permits adding the budget authority and 

outlays of each function to obtain the budget 

5


totals. For example, Federal spending for 

medicaid constitutes a health care program, 

but it also constitutes a form of income 

security benefits. However, the spending cannot 

be counted in both functions; since the 

main purpose of medicaid is to finance the 

health care of the beneficiaries, this program 

is classified in the ‘‘health’’ function. Section 

3 provides data on budget outlays by function, 

while Section 5 provides comparable data 

on budget authority. 


Outlays by Agency) 

Section 4 displays Federal Government outlays 

(on- and off-budget) by agency. Table 

4.1 shows the dollar amounts of such outlays, 

and Table 4.2 shows the percentage distribution. 

The outlays by agency are based on 

the agency structure currently in effect. For 

example, the Department of Education was 

established by legislation enacted in 1979. 

However, these data show spending by the 

Department of Education in previous years 

that consists of education spending attributable 

to other agencies in earlier years, 

but now attributable to the Department of 

Education. 

Notes on Section 5 (Budget Authority— 

On- and Off-Budget) 

Section 5 provides data on budget authority 

(BA). BA is the authority provided by law 

for agencies to obligate the Government to 

spend. Table 5.1 shows BA by function and 

subfunction, starting with 1976. Table 5.2 

provides the same information by agency, 

and Table 5.3 provides a percentage distribution 

of BA by agency. 

The data in these tables were compiled 

using the same methods used for the budget 

historical tables for receipts and outlays (e.g., 

to the extent feasible, changes in classification 

are reflected retroactively so the data show 

the same stream of transactions in the same 

location for all years). However, BA is heterogeneous 

in nature, varying significantly from 

one program to another. As a result, it 

is not additive—either across programs or 

agencies for a year or, in many cases, for 

an agency or program across a series of 

years—in the same sense that budget receipts 

and budget outlays are additive. The following 

are examples of different kinds of BA and 

the manner in which there are large 

divergences between the creation and use 

of BA. 

• BA and outlays for each year may be exactly 

the same (e.g., interest on the public 

debt). 

• For each year the Congress may appropriate 

a large quantity of BA that will 

be spent over a subsequent period of years 

(e.g., many defense procurement contracts 

and major construction programs). 

• Some BA (e.g., the salaries and expenses 

of an operating agency) is made available 

only for a year and any portion not obligated 

during that year lapses (i.e., it 

ceases to be available to be obligated). 

• Revolving funds may operate spending 

programs indefinitely with no new infusion 

of BA, other than the authority to 

spend offsetting collections. 

• BA may be enacted with the expectation 

it is unlikely ever to be used (e.g., standby 

borrowing authority). 

• All income to a fund (e.g., certain revolving, 

special, and trust funds) may be permanently 

appropriated as BA; as long as 

the fund has adequate resources, there is 

no further relationship between the BA 

and outlays. 

• As a result of the Budget Enforcement Act 

of 1990, the measurement of BA changed 

in most special and trust funds with legislatively 

imposed limitations or benefit formulas 

that constrain the use of BA. Where 

previously budget authority was the total 

income to the fund, BA in these funds for 

1990 and subsequent years is now an estimate 

of the obligations to be incurred during 

the fiscal year for benefit payments, 

administration and other expenses of the 

fund. In some, but not all, cases it was 

possible to adjust BA figures for these 

funds for years prior to 1990 to conform 

to the current concepts. 

• Although major changes in the way BA 

is measured for credit programs (beginning 

in 1992) result from the Budget En-


7 

forcement Act, these tables could not be 

reconstructed to show revised BA figures 

for 1991 and prior years on the new basis. 

• In its earliest years, the Federal Financing 

Bank (FFB) was conducted as a revolving 

fund, making direct loans to the public or 

purchasing loan assets from other funds 

or accounts. Each new loan by the FFB 

required new BA. In many cases, if the 

same loan were made by the account being 

serviced by the FFB, the loan could be 

financed from offsetting collections and no 

new BA would be recorded. Under terms 

of the 1985 legislation moving the FFB 

on-budget, the FFB ceased to make direct 

loans to the public. Instead, it makes loans 

to the accounts it services, and these accounts, 

in turn, make the loans to the public. 

Such loans could be made from new 

BA or other obligational authority available 

to the parent account. These tables 

have not been reconstructed to shift BA 

previously scored in the FFB to the parent 

accounts, because there is no technical 

way to reconfigure the data. 

Despite these qualifications there is a desire 

for historical data on BA, and this section 

has been developed to meet that desire. 

Budget authority data are also provided in 

Table 8.9 for various discretionary program 

groupings. 

Notes on Section 6 (Composition of 

Federal Government Outlays) 

The ‘‘composition’’ categories in this section 

divide total outlays (including social security) 

into national defense and nondefense components, 

and then disaggregate the nondefense 

spending into several parts: 

• Payments for individuals: These are Federal 

Government spending programs designed 

to transfer income (in cash or in 

kind) to individuals or families. To the extent 

feasible, this category does not include 

reimbursements for current services 

rendered to the Government (e.g., salaries 

and interest). The payments may be in the 

form of cash paid directly to individuals 

or they may take the form of the provision 

of services or the payment of bills for activities 

largely financed from personal income. 

They include outlays for the provision 

of medical care (in veterans hospitals, 

for example) and for the payment of medical 

bills (e.g., medicare). They also include 

subsidies to reduce the cost of housing 

below market rates, and food and nutrition 

assistance (such as food stamps). The data 

base, while not precise, provides a reasonable 

perspective of the size and composition 

of income support transfers within 

any particular year and trends over time. 

Section 11 disaggregates the components 

of this category. The data in Section 6 

show a significant amount of payments for 

individuals takes the form of grants to 

State and local governments to finance 

benefits for the ultimate recipients. These 

grants include medicaid, some food and 

nutrition assistance, and a significant portion 

of the housing assistance payments. 

Sections 11 and 12 provide a more detailed 

disaggregation of this spending. 

• All other grants to State and local governments: 

This category consists of the Federal 

nondefense grants to State and local 

governments other than grants defined as 

payments for individuals. Section 12 

disaggregates this spending. 

• Net interest: This category consists all 

spending (including offsetting receipts) included 

in the functional category ‘‘net interest.’’ 

Most spending for net interest is 

paid to the public as interest on the Federal 

debt. As shown in Table 3.2, net interest 

includes, as an offset, significant 

amounts of interest income. 

• All other: This category consists of all remaining 

Federal spending and offsetting 

receipts except for those included in the 

category ‘‘undistributed offsetting receipts.’’ 

It includes most Federal loan activities 

and most Federal spending for foreign 

assistance, farm price supports, medical 

and other scientific research, and, in 

general, Federal direct program operations. 

• Undistributed offsetting receipts: These are 

offsetting receipts that are not offset 

against any specific agency or programmatic 

function. They are classified as 

function 950 in the functional tables. Addi-


tional details on their composition can be 

found at the end of Table 3.2. 

Table 6.1 shows these outlays in current 

and constant dollars, the percentage distribution 

of current dollar outlays, and the current 

dollar outlays as percentages of GDP. The 

term ‘‘constant dollars’’ means the amounts 

of money that would have had to be spent 

in each year if, on average, the unit cost 

of everything purchased within that category 

each year (including purchases financed by 

income transfers, interest, etc.) were the 

same as in the base year (1992). The adjustments 

to constant dollars are made by applying 

a series of chain-weighted price deflators 

to the current dollar data base. The composite 

deflator is used to produce estimates of 

constant dollar receipts published in Table 

1.3. The separate deflators used for these 

calculations are shown in Table 10.1. 

Notes on Section 7 (Federal Debt) 

This section provides information about 

Federal debt. Table 7.1 contains data on 

gross Federal debt and its major components 

in terms of both the amount of debt outstanding 

at the end of each year and that amount 

as a percentage of fiscal year GDP. 

Gross Federal debt is composed both of 

Federal debt held (owned) by the public 

and Federal debt held by Federal Government 

accounts, which is mostly held by trust 

funds. Federal debt held by the public consists 

of all Federal debt held outside the Federal 

Government accounts. For example, it includes 

debt held by individuals, private banks and 

insurance companies, the Federal Reserve 

Banks, and foreign central banks. The sale 

of Federal debt to the public is the principal 

means of financing the Federal deficit. 

The Federal Government accounts holding 

the largest amount of Federal debt securities 

are the civil service and military retirement, 

social security, and medicare trust funds. 

However, significant amounts are also held 

by some other Government accounts, such 

as the unemployment and highway trust 

funds. 

Table 7.1 divides debt held by the public 

between the amount held by the Federal 

Reserve Banks and the remainder. The Federal 

Reserve System is the central bank 

for the Nation. Their holdings of Federal 

debt are shown separately because they do 

not have the same impact on private credit 

markets as does other debt held by the 

public. They accumulate Federal debt as 

a result of their role as the country’s central 

bank, and the size of these holdings has 

a major impact on the Nation’s money supply. 

Since the Federal budget does not forecast 

Federal Reserve monetary policy, it does 

not project future changes in the amounts 

of Federal debt that will be held by the 

Federal Reserve Banks. Hence, the split of 

debt held by the public into that portion 

held by the Federal Reserve Banks and 

the remainder is provided only for past 

years. Table 2.5 shows deposits of earnings 

by the Federal Reserve System. Most interest 

paid by Treasury on debt held by the Federal 

Reserve Banks is returned to the Treasury 

as deposits of earnings, which are recorded 

as budget receipts. 

As a result of a conceptual revision in 

the quantification of Federal debt, the data 

on debt held by the public and gross Federal 

debt—but only a small part of debt held 

by Government accounts—were revised back 

to 1956 in the 1990 budget. The total revision 

was relatively small—a change of under one 

percent of the recorded value of the debt— 

but the revised basis is more consistent 

with the quantification of interest outlays, 

and provides a more meaningful measure 

of Federal debt. The change converted most 

debt held by the public from the par value 

to the sales price plus amortized discount. 

Most debt held by Government accounts 

is issued at par, and securities issued at 

a premium or discount have traditionally 

been recorded at par. However, zero-coupon 

bonds are recorded at estimated market price. 

Starting in 1989, total debt held by Government 

accounts is adjusted for any initial 

discount on other securities. 

Table 7.2 shows the end-of-year amounts 

of Federal debt subject to the general statutory 

limitation. It is recorded at par value (except 

for savings bonds) through 1988, but by 

law the basis was changed, in part, to 

accrual value for later years. Before World 

War I, each debt issue by the Government


9 

required specific authorization by the Congress. 

Starting in 1917, the nature of this 

limitation was modified in several steps until 

it developed into a limit on the total amount 

of Federal debt outstanding. The Treasury 

is free to borrow whatever amounts are 

needed up to the debt limit, which is changed 

from time to time to meet new requirements. 

Table 7.3 shows the ceiling at each point 

in time since 1940. It provides the specific 

legal citation, a short description of the 

change, and the amount of the limit specified 

by each Act. Most of gross Federal debt 

is subject to the statutory limit. However, 

there are some differences. 

Notes on Section 8 (Outlays by Budget 

Enforcement Act Category) 

Section 8 is composed of nine tables that 

present budget authority and outlays by the 

major categories used under the Budget Enforcement 

Act (BEA) and under previous 

budget agreements between Congress and 

the current and previous Administrations. 

Table 8.1 shows Federal outlays within each 

of the categories and subcategories. The principal 

categories are outlays for mandatory 

and related programs and outlays for discretionary 

programs. Mandatory and related programs 

include direct spending and offsetting 

receipts whose budget authority is provided 

by law other than appropriations acts. These 

include appropriated entitlements and the 

food stamp program, which receive pro forma 

appropriations. Discretionary programs are 

those whose budgetary resources (other than 

entitlement authority) are provided in appropriations 

acts. The table shows three categories 

of discretionary programs: Defense 

(Function 050), International (Function 150), 

and Domestic (all other discretionary programs). 

Table 8.2 has the same structure, 

but shows the data in constant (FY 1992) 

dollars. Table 8.3 shows the percentage distribution 

of outlays by BEA category and 

Table 8.4 shows outlays by BEA category 

as a percentage of GDP. 

Table 8.5 provides additional detail by 

function and/or subfunction for mandatory 

and related programs. Table 8.6 shows the 

same data in constant dollars. 

Table 8.7 provides additional detail by 

function and/or subfunction on outlays for 

discretionary programs. Table 8.8 provides 

the same data in constant dollars. Table 

8.9 provides function and/or subfunction detail 

on budget authority for discretionary programs. 


Outlays for Major Physical Capital, 

Research and Development, and Education 

and Training) 

Tables in this section provide a broad 

perspective on Federal Government outlays 

for public physical capital, the conduct of 

research and development (R&D), and education 

and training. These data measure 

new Federal spending for major public physical 

assets, but they exclude major commodity 

inventories. In some cases it was necessary 

to use supplementary data sources to estimate 

missing data in order to develop a consistent 

historical data series. The data for the conduct 

of research and development continue to 

exclude outlays for construction and major 

equipment because such spending is included 

in outlays for physical capital. 

Table 9.1 shows total investment outlays 

for major public physical capital, R&D, and 

education and training in current and constant 

(FY 1992) dollars, and shows the percentage 

distribution of outlays and outlays as a 

percentage of GDP. Table 9.2 focuses on 

direct Federal outlays and grants for major 

public physical capital investment in current 

and constant (FY 1992) dollars, disaggregating 

direct Federal outlays into national defense 

and nondefense capital investment. Table 9.3 

retains the same structure as 9.2, but shows 

direct Federal outlay totals for physical capital 

investment as percentages of total outlays 

and as percentages of GDP. Table 9.4 

disaggregates national defense direct outlays, 

while Table 9.5 disaggregates nondefense outlays 

for major public physical capital investment. 

Table 9.6 shows the composition of 

grant outlays for major public physical capital 

investment. 

Table 9.7 provides an overall perspective 

on Federal Government outlays for the conduct 

of R&D. It shows total R&D spending and 

the split between national defense and non-


defense spending in four forms: in current 

dollars, in constant dollars, as percentages 

of total outlays, and as percentages of GDP. 

Table 9.8 shows outlays in current dollars 

by major function and program. 

Table 9.9 shows outlays for the conduct 

of education and training in current dollars 

for direct Federal programs and for grants 

to State and local governments. Total outlays 

for the conduct of education and training 

as a percentage of Federal outlays and in 

constant (FY 1992) dollars are also shown. 

As with the series on physical capital, several 

budget data sources have been used to develop 

a consistent data series extending back to 

1962. A discontinuity occurs between 1991 

and 1992 and affects primarily direct Federal 

higher education outlays. For 1991 and earlier, 

these data include net loan outlays. Beginning 

in 1992, pursuant to changes in the treatment 

of loans as specified in the Credit Reform 

Act of 1990, this series includes outlays 

for loan repayments and defaults for loans 

originated in 1991 and earlier and credit 

subsidy outlays for loans originated in 1992 

and later years. 

Table 9.9 also excludes education and training 

outlays for physical capital (which are 

included in Table 9.7) and education and 

training outlays for the conduct of research 

and development (which are in Table 9.8). 

Also excluded are education and training 

programs for Federal civilian and military 

personnel. 

Notes on Section 10 (Implicit Outlay 

Deflators) 

Section 10 consists of Table 10.1, Gross 

Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the 

Historical Tables, which shows the various 

implicit deflators used to convert current 

dollar outlays to constant dollars. The constant 

dollar deflators are based on chain-weighted 

(FY 1992 chained-dollars) deflators derived 

from the National Income and Product Accounts 

data. 

Notes on Section 11 (Federal 

Government Payments for Individuals) 

This section provides detail on outlays 

for Federal Government payments for individuals, 

which are also described in the notes 

on Section 6. The basic purpose of the 

payments for individuals aggregation is to 

provide a broad perspective on Federal cash 

or in-kind payments for which no current 

service is rendered yet which constitutes 

income transfers to individuals and families. 

Table 11.1 provides an overview display of 

these data in four different forms. All four 

of these displays show the total payments 

for individuals, and the split of this total 

between grants to State and local governments 

for payments for individuals (such as medicaid 

and grants for housing assistance) and all 

other (‘‘direct’’) payments for individuals. 

Table 11.2 shows the functional composition 

of payments for individuals (see notes on 

Section 3 for a description of the functional 

classification), and includes the same grants 

versus nongrants (‘‘direct’’) split provided in 

Table 11.1. The off-budget social security 

program finances a significant portion of 

the Federal payments for individuals. These 

tables do not distinguish between the onbudget 

and off-budget payments for individuals. 

However, all payments for individuals 

shown in Table 11.2 in function 650 (social 

security) are off-budget outlays, and all other 

payments for individuals are on-budget. Table 

11.3 displays the payments for individuals 

by major program category. 

Notes on Section 12 (Federal Grants To 

State and Local Governments) 

For several decades the Federal budget 

documents have provided data on Federal 

grants to State and local governments. The 

purpose of these data is to identify Federal 

Government outlays that constitute income 

to State and local governments to help finance 

their services and their income transfers 

(payments for individuals) to the public. 

Grants generally exclude Federal Government 

payments for services rendered directly to 

the Federal Government; for example, they 

exclude most Federal Government payments 

for research and development, and they exclude 

payments to State social service agencies 

for screening disability insurance beneficiaries 

for the Federal disability insurance trust 

fund.


11 

Table 12.1 provides an overall perspective 

on grants; its structure is similar to the 

structure of Table 11.1. 

Table 12.2 displays Federal grants by function 

(see notes on Section 3 for a description 

of the functional classification). The bulk 

of Federal grants are included in the Federal 

funds group; however, since the creation 

of the highway trust fund in 1957, significant 

amounts of grants have been financed from 

trust funds (see notes to Section 1 for a 

description of the difference between ‘‘Federal 

funds’’ and ‘‘trust funds’’). All Federal grants 

are on-budget. Wherever trust fund outlays 

are included in those data, Table 12.2 not 

only identifies the total grants by function 

but also shows the split between Federal 

funds and trust funds. 

Table 12.3 provides data on grants at 

the account or program level, with an identification 

of the function, agency, and fund 

group of the payment. 

Notes on Section 13 (Social Security and 

Medicare) 

Over the past several decades the social 

security programs (the Federal old-age and 

survivors insurance (OASI) and the Federal 

disability insurance (DI) trust funds) and 

the medicare programs (the Federal hospital 

insurance (HI) and the Federal supplementary 

medical insurance (SMI) trust funds) have 

grown to be among the largest parts of 

the Federal budget. Because of the size, 

the rates of growth, and the specialized 

financing of these programs, policy analysts 

frequently wish to identify these activities 

separately from all other Federal taxes and 

spending. As discussed in the introductory 

notes, the two social security funds are 

off-budget, while the medicare funds are 

on-budget. As Table 13.1 shows, the first 

of these funds (OASI) began in 1937. The 

table shows the annual transactions of that 

fund and of the other funds beginning with 

their points of origin. 

The table provides detailed information 

about social security and medicare by fund. 

It shows total cash income (including offsetting 

receipts) by fund, separately identifying social 

insurance taxes and contributions, 

intragovernmental income, and proprietary 

receipts from the public. Virtually all of 

the proprietary receipts from the public, especially 

those for the supplementary medical 

insurance trust fund, are medicare insurance 

premiums. The table shows the income, outgo, 

and surplus or deficit of each fund for 

each year, and also shows the balances 

of the funds available for future requirements. 

Most of these fund balances are invested 

in public debt securities and constitute a 

significant portion of the debt held by Government 

accounts (see Table 7.1). 

The SMI fund, which was established in 

1967, is financed primarily by payments from 

Federal funds and secondarily by medical 

insurance premiums (proprietary receipts from 

the public). The other three trust funds 

are financed primarily by social insurance 

taxes. The law establishing the rate and 

base of these taxes allocates the tax receipts 

among the three funds. 

The table shows significant transfers by 

OASI and DI to the railroad retirement 

social security equivalent account. These transfers 

are equal to the additional amounts 

of money social security would have had 

to pay, less additional receipts it would 

have collected, if the rail labor force had 

been included directly under social security 

since the inception of the social security 

program. 

In 1983, when the OASI fund ran short 

of money, Congress passed legislation that 

(a) provided for a one-time acceleration of 

military service credit payments to these 

trust funds, (b) provided for a Federal fund 

payment to OASDI for the estimated value 

of checks issued in prior years and charged 

to the trust funds but never cashed, (c) 

required that the Treasury make payments 

to OASDHI on the first day of the month 

for the estimated amounts of their social 

insurance taxes to be collected over the 

course of each month (thereby increasing 

each affected trust fund’s balances at the 

beginning of the month), and (d) subjected 

some social security benefits to Federal income 

or other taxes and provided for payments 

by Federal funds to social security of amounts 

equal to these additional taxes. Additionally, 

in 1983 the OASI fund borrowed from the


DI and HI funds (the tables show the amounts 

of such borrowing and repayments of borrowing). 

The large intragovernmental collections 

by OASDHI in 1983 are a result of the 

transactions described under (a) and (b) above. 

Also starting in 1983, OASI began paying 

interest to DI and HI to reimburse them 

for the balances OASI borrowed from them; 

OASDHI paid interest to Treasury to compensate 

it for the balances transferred to 

these funds on the first day of each month. 

The legal requirement for Treasury to make 

payments on the first day of the month, 

and the associated interest payment, ended 

in 1985 for HI and in 1991 for OASI 

and DI. 

Notes on Section 14 (Federal Sector 

Transactions in the National Income 

and Product Accounts) 

The principal system used in the United 

States for measuring total economic activity 

is the system of national income and product 

accounts (NIPA), which provide calculations 

of the GDP and related data series. These 

data are produced by the Bureau of Economic 

Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce. 

As part of this work the BEA staff 

analyze the budget data base and estimate 

transactions consistent with this measurement 

system. The NIPA data are normally produced 

for calendar years and quarters. Section 14 

provides Federal Sector NIPA data on a 

fiscal year basis. 

The BEA recently completed a benchmark 

revision to the NIPA data; however, the 

data required to update years prior to FY 

1960 for this section to the revised basis 

are not yet available. Thus, the data are 

presented on a post-benchmark basis from 

FY 1960 through FY 1998. 

Notes on Section 15 (Total (Federal and 

State and Local) Government Finances) 

Section 15 provides a perspective on the 

size and composition of total Government 

(Federal, State, and local) receipts and spending. 

Both the Bureau of the Census and 

the Bureau of Economic Analysis in the 

Commerce Department provide information 

(in the national income and product accounts 

(NIPA) data) on income and spending for 

all levels of government in the United States. 

These tables include the NIPA State and 

local transactions with the Federal Government 

(deducting the amount of overlap due 

to Federal grants to State and local governments) 

to measure total Government receipts 

and spending on a fiscal year basis from 

1960 through 1996. 

Notes on Section 16 (Federal Health 

Spending) 

Section 16 consists of Table 16.1, Total 

Outlays for Health Programs. This table 

shows a broad definition of total Federal 

health spending by type of health program, 

including defense and veterans health programs, 

medicare, medicaid, Federal employees’ 

health benefits and other health spending. 

It also shows Federal health spending as 

percentages of total outlays and of GDP. 

Notes on Section 17 (Federal 

Employment) 

Section 17 provides an overview of the 

size and scope of the Federal work force. 

The measures of Federal employment currently 

in use are end-strength and fulltime 

equivalents (FTEs). End-strength is the 

measure of total positions filled at the end 

of the fiscal year, representing a ‘‘head count’’ 

of all paid employees. 

Federal employment in the Executive 

Branch, however, is controlled on the basis 

of FTEs. Full-time equivalent (FTE) employment 

is the measure of the total number 

of regular (non-overtime) hours worked by 

an employee divided by the number of compensable 

hours applicable to each fiscal year. 

A typical FTE workyear is equal to 2,080 

hours. Put simply, one full-time employee 

counts as one FTE, and two employees who 

work half-time count as one FTE. FTE data 

have been collected for Executive Branch 

agencies since 1981. 

The tables included in this section illustrate 

the size of the governmental work forces 

utilizing these measures. Table 17.1 shows 

the end-strength of the Executive Branch 

and selected agencies starting in 1940. Table 

17.2 shows the end-strength of the Executive


13 

Branch and selected agencies as a percentage 

of total Executive Branch employment starting 

in 1940. Table 17.3 shows FTEs for the 

Executive Branch and selected agencies for 

1981 and subsequent years; Table 17.4 shows 

these FTEs as a percentage of total Executive 

Branch FTEs. In Table 17.3, the figure 

shown for 1999 is the limitation for the 

Executive Branch established by the Federal 

Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994. Table 

17.5 shows a comparison of the end-strengths 

of Federal employment and State and local 

government employment, and the total of 

the two as a percentage of the U.S. population 

in each year.

HISTORICAL TRENDS 

Because the Historical Tables publication 

provides a large volume and wide array 

of data on Federal Government finances, 

it is sometimes difficult to perceive the longer 

term patterns in various budget aggregates 

and components. To assist the reader in 

understanding some of these longer term 

patterns, this section provides a short summary 

of the trends in Federal deficits and 

surpluses, debt, receipts, outlays and employment. 

Deficits and Debt.—As shown in Table 

1.1, except for periods of war (when spending 

for defense increased sharply), depressions 

or other economic downturns (when receipts 

fell precipitously), the Federal budget was 

generally in surplus throughout most of the 

Nation’s first 200 years. For our first 60 

years as a Nation (through 1849), cumulative 

budget surpluses and deficits yielded a net 

surplus of $70 million. The Civil War, along 

with the Spanish-American War and the 

depression of the 1890s, resulted in a cumulative 

deficit totaling just under $1 billion 

during the 1850–1900 period. Between 1901 

and 1916, the budget hovered very close 

to balance every year. World War I brought 

large deficits that totaled $23 billion over 

the 1917–1919 period. The budget was then 

in surplus throughout the 1920s. However, 

the combination of the Great Depression 

followed by World War II resulted in a 

long, unbroken string of deficits that were 

historically unprecedented in magnitude. As 

a result, Federal debt held by the public 

mushroomed from less than $3 billion in 

1917 to $16 billion in 1930 and then to 

$242 billion by 1946. In relation to the 

size of the economy, debt held by the public 

grew from 16% of GDP in 1930 to 111% 

in 1946. 

During much of the postwar period, this 

same pattern persisted—large deficits were 

incurred only in time of war (e.g., Korea 

and Vietnam) or as a result of recessions. 

As shown in Table 1.2, prior to the 1980s, 

postwar deficits as a percent of GDP reached 

their highest during the 1975–76 recession 

at 4.3% in 1976. Debt held by the public 

had grown to $477 billion by 1976, but, 

because the economy had grown faster, debt 

as a percent of GDP had declined throughout 

the postwar period to a low of 23.9% in 

1974, climbing back to 27.6% in 1976. Following 

five years of deficits averaging 2.5% 

of GDP between 1977-1981, debt held by 

the public rose to 25.8% of GDP by 1981, 

only two percentage points higher than its 

postwar low. 

The traditional pattern of running large 

deficits only in times of war or economic 

downturns was broken during the rest of 

the 1980s. In 1982, large tax cuts were 

enacted as were substantial increases in 

defense spending. Reductions in nondefense 

spending were not sufficient to offset the 

impact on the deficit. As a result, deficits 

averaging $207 billion were incurred between 

1983 and 1992. As a result of these unprecedented 

peacetime deficits, debt held by the 

public grew from $785 billion in 1981 to 

$3.0 trillion in 1992. 

Since peaking at $290 billion in 1992, 

deficits have declined each year, dropping 

to a level of $107 billion in 1996. As a 

percent of GDP, deficits were reduced by 

more than two-thirds during those 4 years, 

from 4.7% in 1992 to 1.4% in 1996. 

Receipts.— From the beginning of the Republic 

until the start of the Civil War, 

our Nation relied on customs duties to finance 

the activities of the Federal Government. 

During the 19th Century, sales of public 

lands supplemented customs duties. While 

large amounts were occasionally obtained from 

the sale of lands, customs duties accounted 

for over 90% of Federal receipts in most 

years prior to the Civil War. Excise taxes 

became an important and growing source 

of Federal receipts starting in the 1860s. 

Estate and gift taxes were levied and collected 

sporadically from the 1860s through World 

War I, although never amounting to a significant 

source of receipts during that time. 

Prior to 1913, income taxes did not exist 

or were inconsequential, other than for a 

15


brief time during the Civil War period, when 

special tax legislation raised the income tax 

share of Federal receipts to as much as 

13% in 1866. Subsequent to the enactment 

of income tax legislation in 1913, these 

taxes grew in importance as a Federal receipts 

source during following decade. By 1930, 

the Federal Government was relying on income 

taxes for 60% of its receipts, while 

customs duties and excise taxes each accounted 

for 15% of the receipts total. 

During the 1930s, total Federal receipts 

averaged about 5% of GDP. World War 

II brought a dramatic increase in receipts, 

with the Federal receipts share of GDP 

peaking at 21.2% in 1944. The share declined 

somewhat after the war and has remained 

fairly steady since the early 1950s, fluctuating 

between 16–20% of GDP. Federal receipts 

ranged from 17 to 19 percent of GDP in 

the 1960s and 1970s and are currently at 

19.4% of GDP. This relative stability in 

the postwar receipts share of GDP masks 

some significant shifts over time in the 

underlying sources or composition of receipts. 

The increase in taxes needed to support 

the war effort in the 1940s saw the income 

tax rise to prominence as a source of Federal 

receipts, reaching nearly 80% of total receipts 

in 1944. After the war, the income tax 

share of total receipts fell from a postwar 

high of 74% in 1952 to 63% in the late 

1960s. The growth in social insurance taxes 

(such as social security and medicare) more 

than offset a postwar secular decline in 

excise and other non-income tax shares. The 

combination of substantial reductions in income 

taxes enacted in the early 1980s and 

the continued growth in social insurance 

taxes has resulted in a continued decline 

in the income tax share of total receipts. 

By 1983 income taxes had dropped to 54% 

of total receipts and have remained between 

53% and 57% since then. 

Corporation income taxes accounted for a 

large part of this postwar decline, falling 

from 30% of total Federal receipts in the 

early 1950s to 20% in 1969. During the 

same period, pretax corporate profits fell 

from about 12% of GDP in the early 1950s 

to 10% in 1969. By 1980 the corporation 

income tax share of total receipts had dropped 

to 12.5%. During the 1980s, pretax corporate 

profits declined as a percent of GDP and, 

thus, the corporation income tax share dropped 

to as low as 6.2%, but eventually climbed 

back to 11.8% by 1996—still below the 1980 

share. This sharp drop in corporation income 

tax share of total receipts was more than 

offset by the growth in social insurance 

taxes, as both tax rates and percentage 

of the workforce covered by these taxes 

increased. Social insurance taxes increased 

from only 8% of total receipts during the 

mid-1940s to 38% by 1992, declining to 

35% by 1996. Excise taxes have also declined 

in relative importance during the postwar 

period, falling from a 19% share in 1947 

to slightly under 4% currently. 

Outlays and Federal employment.—Throughout 

most of the Nation’s history prior to 

the 1930s, the bulk of Federal spending 

went towards national defense, veterans benefits 

and interest on the public debt. In 

1929, for example, 71% of Federal outlays 

were in these three categories. The 1930s 

began with Federal outlays comprising just 

3.3% of GDP. The efforts to fight the Great 

Depression with public works and other nondefense 

Federal spending, when combined 

with the depressed GDP levels, caused outlays 

and their share of GDP to increase steadily 

during most of that decade, with outlays 

rising to 10.1% of GDP by 1939 and to 

11.8% by 1941 on the eve of U.S. involvement 

in World War II (as shown in Table 1.2). 

Defense spending during World War II resulted 

in outlays as a percent of GDP rising 

sharply, to a peak of 44.2% in 1944. The 

end of the war brought total spending down 

to 14.4% of GDP in 1949. The Korean 

war increased spending to an average 19.5% 

of GDP for a few years in the early 1950s, 

but outlays as a percent of GDP then stabilized 

at around 17–19% until U.S. involvement 

in the Vietnam war escalated sharply 

in the middle 1960s and early 1970s. From 

1967 through 1972, Federal outlays averaged 

19.7% of GDP. The decline in defense spending 

as a percent of GDP that began in 1971, 

as the Vietnam War came to a close, was 

more than offset by increased spending on 

human resources programs during the 1970s— 

due to the maturation of the social security 

program and other longstanding income sup-


17 

port programs, as well as a takeoff in spending 

on the recently enacted Great Society programs, 

such as medicare and medicaid— 

so that total spending increased as a percent 

of GDP to average more than 21% during 

the last half of that decade. Also contributing 

to the increase in Federal spending was 

a substantial increase throughout the 1970s 

in grants to State and local governments. 

Since receipts stabilized at 17–18% of GDP 

during most of the decade, chronic deficits 

of nearly 2% of GDP were incurred (except 

for the recession of 1975–76, which saw 

deficits increase to an average of 4%). 

The 1980s began with substantial momentum 

in the growth of Federal nondefense 

spending in the areas of human resources, 

grants to State and local governments, and, 

as a result of the deficits incurred throughout 

the 1970s, interest on the public debt. In 

the early 1980s, a combination of substantially 

increased defense spending, continued growth 

in human resource spending, a tax cut and 

recession caused the deficits to soar, which, 

in turn, sharply increased spending for interest 

on the public debt. Federal spending 

climbed to an average of nearly 23% of 

GDP in the first half of the decade. Partial 

reversals of the tax cut and rapid defense 

buildup, along with a strong economy during 

the second half of the decade, brought Federal 

spending back down to 21.4% of GDP by 

1989. In the early 1990s, another recession 

in the face of continued rapid growth in 

Federal health care spending and additional 

spending necessitated by the Savings and 

Loan crisis caused outlays to average over 

22.5% of GDP in 1991 and 1992. During 

the past four years, this outlay growth trend 

was reversed. Outlays have begun to fall 

as a percent of GDP, dropping to 20.8% 

in 1996. 

Despite the growth in total Federal spending 

as a percent of GDP in the postwar period, 

Federal employment, as shown in Table 17.1, 

has remained roughly constant, ranging from 

1.8 to 2.3 million civilian employees (excluding 

the Postal Service) throughout this period. 

The composition of employment has shifted 

dramatically between defense and civilian 

agencies over the last 35 years. In 1951, 

for example, of the 2.0 million employees, 

1.2 million worked for the Department of 

Defense and 0.7 million worked for civilian 

agencies. By 1974, Federal employment was 

split equally between defense and civilian 

agencies, with each accounting for 1.07 million 

employees. The shift away from defense to 

civilian agency employment continued 

throughout the next two decades so that 

by 1996 civilian agency employment was 

1.2 million and Department of Defense employment 

was 0.8 million, nearly the reverse 

of the proportions in 1951. During the past 

several years total Federal employment has 

begun to decline. Since 1992, when there 

were 2.2 million civilians employed by the 

Federal Government, reductions of nearly 300 

thousand employees have been achieved, 

bringing Federal employment down to 1.9 

million in 1996. 

Although total spending has increased substantially 

as a percent of GDP since the 

1950s, the growth in the various components 

of spending has not been even and, thus, 

the composition of spending has changed 

significantly during the same period. 

Discretionary spending totaled 12.7% of 

GDP in 1962, with three-fourths going to 

defense. Defense spending increased during 

the Vietnam War buildup in the late 1960s 

causing total discretionary outlays to rise 

to 13.6% of GDP by 1968, after which 

a secular decline began. By the middle 1970s, 

this category had dropped to 10% of GDP. 

It fluctuated between 9 1 ⁄2–10 1 ⁄2% of GDP 

until the late 1980’s, when the defense buildup 

that started early in that decade ended. 

Total discretionary spending has fallen more 

sharply over the past ten years, from 9.6% 

in 1987 to 7.1% in 1996. Although total 

discretionary spending has followed a path 

of secular decline over the past 25 years, 

its major components—defense and nondefense—have 

experienced contrasting histories. 

Defense discretionary spending began the 

1960s at 9.3% of GDP in 1962. As shown 

in Table 8.4, spending in this category had 

declined to 7.4% of GDP by 1965, then 

increased as a result of the Vietnam War. 

After peaking at 9.5% of GDP in 1968, 

it returned to the 1965 level by 1971. The 

decline continued throughout the 1970s, hitting 

a low point of 4.7% of GDP in 1979.


The defense buildup starting in the early 

1980s boosted its percentage of GDP back 

to 6.3% by 1986, after which it again began 

a gradual decline throughout the rest of 

that decade. By 1996, defense discretionary 

spending stood at 3.6% of GDP, reflecting 

the impact of the end of the Cold War 

on our Nation’s defense requirements. 

Nondefense discretionary spending as a 

percent of GDP has followed a much different 

path. In 1962, it stood at 3.4% of GDP. 

During the next few years it quickly increased, 

reaching 4.2% of GDP by 1967. It dropped 

slightly after that year, but still averaged 

about 4.0% of GDP until 1975, when it 

surged to 4.5% of GDP due to the recession 

and, in part, to growth in spending on 

energy and the environment, housing and 

other income support programs. Much of 

this growth was in the form of Federal 

grants to State and local governments. Additional 

grant spending arose from the creation 

of General Revenue Sharing in 1972 and 

various anti-recession grants at the end of 

the decade. Nondefense discretionary outlays 

peaked as a percent of GDP during the 

recession in 1980 at 5.2%. They declined 

sharply starting in 1982, falling to 3.9% 

by 1985 and to 3.5% during the 1987–1990 

period. Spending for these programs has 

increased slightly since 1990, climbing to 

3.8% by 1992 before falling back to 3.5% 

in 1996. 

Programmatic mandatory spending (which 

excludes net interest and undistributed offsetting 

receipts) accounts for a large part of 

the growth in total Federal spending as 

a percent of GDP since the 1950s. Major 

programs in this category include social security, 

medicare, deposit insurance and meanstested 

entitlements (medicaid, aid to dependent 

children, food stamps and other programs 

subject to an income test). Prior to the 

start of medicare and medicaid in 1966, 

this category averaged 5.7% of GDP between 

1962 and 1965 (less than half the size 

of total discretionary spending), with social 

security accounting for nearly half. Within 

a decade, this category was comparable in 

size to total discretionary spending, nearly 

doubling as a percent of GDP to 10.6% 

by 1976 (1.1% of which was for unemployment 

compensation that year). 

Although part of this growth represented 

the impact of the 1975–76 recession on GDP 

levels and outlays for unemployment compensation, 

the largest part was due to growth 

in social security, medicare and medicaid. 

These three programs totaled 3.4% of GDP 

in 1968 and had nearly doubled to 5.8% 

of GDP by 1976. While social security stabilized 

as a percent of GDP during 1985–1995, 

ranging from 4.3% to 4.7%, the growth in 

other programmatic mandatory spending has 

continued to outpace the growth in GDP 

since the mid-1970s (apart from the recessionary 

periods) due largely to medicare and 

medicaid. These two programs, which were 

1.4% of GDP in 1976, have more than 

doubled as a percent of GDP since then, 

reaching 3.5% in 1996. Excluding medicaid, 

spending for means-tested entitlements in 

1996 was at 1.3% percent of GDP, the 

same as it was twenty years ago in 1976. 

By way of contrast, programmatic mandatory 

spending—other than medicare, unemployment 

compensation, social security, deposit 

insurance and means-tested entitlements— 

has been halved as a percent of GDP, falling 

from 2.8% in 1976 to 1.4% of GDP in 

1996. (Major programs in this grouping include 

Federal employee and railroad retirement, 

veterans’ benefits other than veterans’ pensions, 

and farm price supports.) Nevertheless, 

total programmatic mandatory spending in 

1996 had reached 11.0% of GDP compared 

to 7.1% for total discretionary spending. 

Additional perspectives on spending trends 

available in this document include spending 

by agency, by function and subfunction and 

by composition of outlays categories, which 

include payments for individuals and grants 

to State and local governments.

2 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES


19 

Table 1.1—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–): 1789–2002 

(in millions of dollars) 

Year 

Receipts 

Total On-Budget Off-Budget 

Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

Receipts 

Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

Receipts 

Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

1789–1849 ....................................................................... 1,160 1,090 70 1,160 1,090 70 .................. .................. .................. 

1850–1900 ....................................................................... 14,462 15,453 –991 14,462 15,453 –991 .................. .................. .................. 

1901 ................................................................................. 588 525 63 588 525 63 .................. .................. .................. 

1902 ................................................................................. 562 485 77 562 485 77 .................. .................. .................. 

1903 ................................................................................. 562 517 45 562 517 45 .................. .................. .................. 

1904 ................................................................................. 541 584 –43 541 584 –43 .................. .................. .................. 

1905 ................................................................................. 544 567 –23 544 567 –23 .................. .................. .................. 

1906 ................................................................................. 595 570 25 595 570 25 .................. .................. .................. 

1907 ................................................................................. 666 579 87 666 579 87 .................. .................. .................. 

1908 ................................................................................. 602 659 –57 602 659 –57 .................. .................. .................. 

1909 ................................................................................. 604 694 –89 604 694 –89 .................. .................. .................. 

1910 ................................................................................. 676 694 –18 676 694 –18 .................. .................. .................. 

1911 ................................................................................. 702 691 11 702 691 11 .................. .................. .................. 

1912 ................................................................................. 693 690 3 693 690 3 .................. .................. .................. 

1913 ................................................................................. 714 715 –* 714 715 –* .................. .................. .................. 

1914 ................................................................................. 725 726 –* 725 726 –* .................. .................. .................. 

1915 ................................................................................. 683 746 –63 683 746 –63 .................. .................. .................. 

1916 ................................................................................. 761 713 48 761 713 48 .................. .................. .................. 

1917 ................................................................................. 1,101 1,954 –853 1,101 1,954 –853 .................. .................. .................. 

1918 ................................................................................. 3,645 12,677 –9,032 3,645 12,677 –9,032 .................. .................. .................. 

1919 ................................................................................. 5,130 18,493 –13,363 5,130 18,493 –13,363 .................. .................. .................. 

1920 ................................................................................. 6,649 6,358 291 6,649 6,358 291 .................. .................. .................. 

1921 ................................................................................. 5,571 5,062 509 5,571 5,062 509 .................. .................. .................. 

1922 ................................................................................. 4,026 3,289 736 4,026 3,289 736 .................. .................. .................. 

1923 ................................................................................. 3,853 3,140 713 3,853 3,140 713 .................. .................. .................. 

1924 ................................................................................. 3,871 2,908 963 3,871 2,908 963 .................. .................. .................. 

1925 ................................................................................. 3,641 2,924 717 3,641 2,924 717 .................. .................. .................. 

1926 ................................................................................. 3,795 2,930 865 3,795 2,930 865 .................. .................. .................. 

1927 ................................................................................. 4,013 2,857 1,155 4,013 2,857 1,155 .................. .................. .................. 

1928 ................................................................................. 3,900 2,961 939 3,900 2,961 939 .................. .................. .................. 

1929 ................................................................................. 3,862 3,127 734 3,862 3,127 734 .................. .................. .................. 

1930 ................................................................................. 4,058 3,320 738 4,058 3,320 738 .................. .................. .................. 

1931 ................................................................................. 3,116 3,577 –462 3,116 3,577 –462 .................. .................. .................. 

1932 ................................................................................. 1,924 4,659 –2,735 1,924 4,659 –2,735 .................. .................. .................. 

1933 ................................................................................. 1,997 4,598 –2,602 1,997 4,598 –2,602 .................. .................. .................. 

1934 ................................................................................. 2,955 6,541 –3,586 2,955 6,541 –3,586 .................. .................. .................. 

1935 ................................................................................. 3,609 6,412 –2,803 3,609 6,412 –2,803 .................. .................. .................. 

1936 ................................................................................. 3,923 8,228 –4,304 3,923 8,228 –4,304 .................. .................. .................. 

1937 ................................................................................. 5,387 7,580 –2,193 5,122 7,582 –2,460 265 –2 267 

1938 ................................................................................. 6,751 6,840 –89 6,364 6,850 –486 387 –10 397 

1939 ................................................................................. 6,295 9,141 –2,846 5,792 9,154 –3,362 503 –13 516 

1940 ................................................................................. 6,548 9,468 –2,920 5,998 9,482 –3,484 550 –14 564 

1941 ................................................................................. 8,712 13,653 –4,941 8,024 13,618 –5,594 688 35 653 

1942 ................................................................................. 14,634 35,137 –20,503 13,738 35,071 –21,333 896 66 830 

1943 ................................................................................. 24,001 78,555 –54,554 22,871 78,466 –55,595 1,130 89 1,041 

1944 ................................................................................. 43,747 91,304 –47,557 42,455 91,190 –48,735 1,292 114 1,178 

1945 ................................................................................. 45,159 92,712 –47,553 43,849 92,569 –48,720 1,310 143 1,167 

1946 ................................................................................. 39,296 55,232 –15,936 38,057 55,022 –16,964 1,238 210 1,028 

1947 ................................................................................. 38,514 34,496 4,018 37,055 34,193 2,861 1,459 303 1,157 

1948 ................................................................................. 41,560 29,764 11,796 39,944 29,396 10,548 1,616 368 1,248 

1949 ................................................................................. 39,415 38,835 580 37,724 38,408 –684 1,690 427 1,263 

1950 ................................................................................. 39,443 42,562 –3,119 37,336 42,038 –4,702 2,106 524 1,583 

1951 ................................................................................. 51,616 45,514 6,102 48,496 44,237 4,259 3,120 1,277 1,843 

1952 ................................................................................. 66,167 67,686 –1,519 62,573 65,956 –3,383 3,594 1,730 1,864 

1953 ................................................................................. 69,608 76,101 –6,493 65,511 73,771 –8,259 4,097 2,330 1,766 

1954 ................................................................................. 69,701 70,855 –1,154 65,112 67,943 –2,831 4,589 2,912 1,677 

* $500 thousand or less.


Table 1.1—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–): 1789–2002—Continued 


Year 

Receipts 


Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

Receipts 

Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

Receipts 

Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

1955 ................................................................................. 65,451 68,444 –2,993 60,370 64,461 –4,091 5,081 3,983 1,098 

1956 ................................................................................. 74,587 70,640 3,947 68,162 65,668 2,494 6,425 4,972 1,452 

1957 ................................................................................. 79,990 76,578 3,412 73,201 70,562 2,639 6,789 6,016 773 

1958 ................................................................................. 79,636 82,405 –2,769 71,587 74,902 –3,315 8,049 7,503 546 

1959 ................................................................................. 79,249 92,098 –12,849 70,953 83,102 –12,149 8,296 8,996 –700 

1960 ................................................................................. 92,492 92,191 301 81,851 81,341 510 10,641 10,850 –209 

1961 ................................................................................. 94,388 97,723 –3,335 82,279 86,046 –3,766 12,109 11,677 431 

1962 ................................................................................. 99,676 106,821 –7,146 87,405 93,286 –5,881 12,271 13,535 –1,265 

1963 ................................................................................. 106,560 111,316 –4,756 92,385 96,352 –3,966 14,175 14,964 –789 

1964 ................................................................................. 112,613 118,528 –5,915 96,248 102,794 –6,546 16,366 15,734 632 

1965 ................................................................................. 116,817 118,228 –1,411 100,094 101,699 –1,605 16,723 16,529 194 

1966 ................................................................................. 130,835 134,532 –3,698 111,749 114,817 –3,068 19,085 19,715 –630 

1967 ................................................................................. 148,822 157,464 –8,643 124,420 137,040 –12,620 24,401 20,424 3,978 

1968 ................................................................................. 152,973 178,134 –25,161 128,056 155,798 –27,742 24,917 22,336 2,581 

1969 ................................................................................. 186,882 183,640 3,242 157,928 158,436 –507 28,953 25,204 3,749 

1970 ................................................................................. 192,807 195,649 –2,842 159,348 168,042 –8,694 33,459 27,607 5,852 

1971 ................................................................................. 187,139 210,172 –23,033 151,294 177,346 –26,052 35,845 32,826 3,019 

1972 ................................................................................. 207,309 230,681 –23,373 167,402 193,824 –26,423 39,907 36,857 3,050 

1973 ................................................................................. 230,799 245,707 –14,908 184,715 200,118 –15,403 46,084 45,589 495 

1974 ................................................................................. 263,224 269,359 –6,135 209,299 217,270 –7,971 53,925 52,089 1,836 

1975 ................................................................................. 279,090 332,332 –53,242 216,633 271,892 –55,260 62,458 60,440 2,018 

1976 ................................................................................. 298,060 371,792 –73,732 231,671 302,183 –70,512 66,389 69,609 –3,220 

TQ .................................................................................... 81,232 95,975 –14,744 63,216 76,555 –13,339 18,016 19,421 –1,405 

1977 ................................................................................. 355,559 409,218 –53,659 278,741 328,502 –49,760 76,817 80,716 –3,899 

1978 ................................................................................. 399,561 458,746 –59,186 314,169 369,089 –54,920 85,391 89,657 –4,266 

1979 ................................................................................. 463,302 504,032 –40,729 365,309 404,054 –38,745 97,994 99,978 –1,984 

1980 ................................................................................. 517,112 590,947 –73,835 403,903 476,618 –72,715 113,209 114,329 –1,120 

1981 ................................................................................. 599,272 678,249 –78,976 469,097 543,053 –73,956 130,176 135,196 –5,020 

1982 ................................................................................. 617,766 745,755 –127,989 474,299 594,351 –120,052 143,467 151,404 –7,937 

1983 ................................................................................. 600,562 808,380 –207,818 453,242 661,272 –208,030 147,320 147,108 212 

1984 ................................................................................. 666,499 851,888 –185,388 500,424 686,074 –185,650 166,075 165,813 262 

1985 ................................................................................. 734,165 946,499 –212,334 547,994 769,692 –221,698 186,171 176,807 9,363 

1986 ................................................................................. 769,260 990,505 –221,245 569,031 807,007 –237,976 200,228 183,498 16,731 

1987 ................................................................................. 854,396 1,004,164 –149,769 640,994 810,332 –169,339 213,402 193,832 19,570 

1988 ................................................................................. 909,303 1,064,489 –155,187 667,812 861,798 –193,986 241,491 202,691 38,800 

1989 ................................................................................. 991,190 1,143,671 –152,481 727,525 932,760 –205,235 263,666 210,911 52,754 

1990 ................................................................................. 1,031,969 1,253,163 –221,194 750,314 1,028,098 –277,784 281,656 225,065 56,590 

1991 ................................................................................. 1,055,041 1,324,400 –269,359 761,157 1,082,713 –321,557 293,885 241,687 52,198 

1992 ................................................................................. 1,091,279 1,381,681 –290,402 788,853 1,129,343 –340,489 302,426 252,339 50,087 

1993 ................................................................................. 1,154,401 1,409,414 –255,013 842,467 1,142,827 –300,360 311,934 266,587 45,347 

1994 ................................................................................. 1,258,627 1,461,731 –203,104 923,601 1,182,359 –258,758 335,026 279,372 55,654 

1995 ................................................................................. 1,351,830 1,515,729 –163,899 1,000,751 1,227,065 –226,314 351,079 288,664 62,415 

1996 ................................................................................. 1,453,062 1,560,330 –107,268 1,085,570 1,259,872 –174,302 367,492 300,458 67,034 

1997 estimate .................................................................. 1,505,425 1,631,016 –125,591 1,116,522 1,316,014 –199,492 388,903 315,002 73,901 

1998 estimate .................................................................. 1,566,842 1,687,475 –120,633 1,161,898 1,358,896 –196,998 404,944 328,579 76,365 

1999 estimate .................................................................. 1,643,320 1,760,700 –117,380 1,218,124 1,422,832 –204,708 425,196 337,868 87,328 

2000 estimate .................................................................. 1,727,304 1,814,427 –87,123 1,280,408 1,463,751 –183,343 446,896 350,676 96,220 

2001 estimate .................................................................. 1,808,347 1,844,488 –36,141 1,340,730 1,479,969 –139,239 467,617 364,519 103,098 

2002 estimate .................................................................. 1,896,686 1,879,717 16,969 1,406,821 1,499,370 –92,549 489,865 380,347 109,518


21 

Table 1.2—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1930–2002 

Year 

GDP 

(in billions 

of 

dollars) 

Receipts 


Outlays 

Surplus 

or 

Deficit (–) 

Receipts 

Outlays 

Surplus 

or 

Deficit (–) 

Receipts 

Outlays 

Surplus 

or 

Deficit (–) 

1930 .......................................................................................... 99.2 4.1 3.3 0.7 4.1 3.3 0.7 .............. .............. ................ 

1931 .......................................................................................... 85.2 3.7 4.2 –0.5 3.7 4.2 –0.5 .............. .............. ................ 

1932 .......................................................................................... 68.6 2.8 6.8 –4.0 2.8 6.8 –4.0 .............. .............. ................ 

1933 .......................................................................................... 58.2 3.4 7.9 –4.5 3.4 7.9 –4.5 .............. .............. ................ 

1934 .......................................................................................... 61.9 4.8 10.6 –5.8 4.8 10.6 –5.8 .............. .............. ................ 

1935 .......................................................................................... 70.4 5.1 9.1 –4.0 5.1 9.1 –4.0 .............. .............. ................ 

1936 .......................................................................................... 79.4 4.9 10.4 –5.4 4.9 10.4 –5.4 .............. .............. ................ 

1937 .......................................................................................... 88.9 6.1 8.5 –2.5 5.8 8.5 –2.8 0.3 –* 0.3 

1938 .......................................................................................... 90.0 7.5 7.6 –0.1 7.1 7.6 –0.5 0.4 –* 0.4 

1939 .......................................................................................... 90.1 7.0 10.1 –3.2 6.4 10.2 –3.7 0.6 –* 0.6 

1940 .......................................................................................... 97.8 6.7 9.7 –3.0 6.1 9.7 –3.6 0.6 –* 0.6 

1941 .......................................................................................... 115.4 7.5 11.8 –4.3 7.0 11.8 –4.8 0.6 * 0.6 

1942 .......................................................................................... 145.3 10.1 24.2 –14.1 9.5 24.1 –14.7 0.6 * 0.6 

1943 .......................................................................................... 179.8 13.3 43.7 –30.3 12.7 43.6 –30.9 0.6 * 0.6 

1944 .......................................................................................... 206.7 21.2 44.2 –23.0 20.5 44.1 –23.6 0.6 0.1 0.6 

1945 .......................................................................................... 217.4 20.8 42.6 –21.9 20.2 42.6 –22.4 0.6 0.1 0.5 

1946 .......................................................................................... 217.8 18.0 25.4 –7.3 17.5 25.3 –7.8 0.6 0.1 0.5 

1947 .......................................................................................... 228.5 16.9 15.1 1.8 16.2 15.0 1.3 0.6 0.1 0.5 

1948 .......................................................................................... 253.5 16.4 11.7 4.7 15.8 11.6 4.2 0.6 0.1 0.5 

1949 .......................................................................................... 269.5 14.6 14.4 0.2 14.0 14.3 –0.3 0.6 0.2 0.5 

1950 .......................................................................................... 272.6 14.5 15.6 –1.1 13.7 15.4 –1.7 0.8 0.2 0.6 

1951 .......................................................................................... 321.0 16.1 14.2 1.9 15.1 13.8 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.6 

1952 .......................................................................................... 349.2 18.9 19.4 –0.4 17.9 18.9 –1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 

1953 .......................................................................................... 372.4 18.7 20.4 –1.7 17.6 19.8 –2.2 1.1 0.6 0.5 

1954 .......................................................................................... 377.1 18.5 18.8 –0.3 17.3 18.0 –0.8 1.2 0.8 0.4 

1955 .......................................................................................... 395.5 16.5 17.3 –0.8 15.3 16.3 –1.0 1.3 1.0 0.3 

1956 .......................................................................................... 426.6 17.5 16.6 0.9 16.0 15.4 0.6 1.5 1.2 0.3 

1957 .......................................................................................... 449.9 17.8 17.0 0.8 16.3 15.7 0.6 1.5 1.3 0.2 

1958 .......................................................................................... 458.8 17.4 18.0 –0.6 15.6 16.3 –0.7 1.8 1.6 0.1 

1959 .......................................................................................... 489.7 16.2 18.8 –2.6 14.5 17.0 –2.5 1.7 1.8 –0.1 

1960 .......................................................................................... 518.3 17.8 17.8 0.1 15.8 15.7 0.1 2.1 2.1 –* 

1961 .......................................................................................... 530.4 17.8 18.4 –0.6 15.5 16.2 –0.7 2.3 2.2 0.1 

1962 .......................................................................................... 567.3 17.6 18.8 –1.3 15.4 16.4 –1.0 2.2 2.4 –0.2 

1963 .......................................................................................... 599.0 17.8 18.6 –0.8 15.4 16.1 –0.7 2.4 2.5 –0.1 

1964 .......................................................................................... 639.8 17.6 18.5 –0.9 15.0 16.1 –1.0 2.6 2.5 0.1 

1965 .......................................................................................... 686.8 17.0 17.2 –0.2 14.6 14.8 –0.2 2.4 2.4 * 

1966 .......................................................................................... 752.7 17.4 17.9 –0.5 14.8 15.3 –0.4 2.5 2.6 –0.1 

1967 .......................................................................................... 811.9 18.3 19.4 –1.1 15.3 16.9 –1.6 3.0 2.5 0.5 

1968 .......................................................................................... 868.0 17.6 20.5 –2.9 14.8 17.9 –3.2 2.9 2.6 0.3 

1969 .......................................................................................... 948.1 19.7 19.4 0.3 16.7 16.7 –0.1 3.1 2.7 0.4 

1970 .......................................................................................... 1,009.4 19.1 19.4 –0.3 15.8 16.6 –0.9 3.3 2.7 0.6 

1971 .......................................................................................... 1,077.4 17.4 19.5 –2.1 14.0 16.5 –2.4 3.3 3.0 0.3 

1972 .......................................................................................... 1,177.0 17.6 19.6 –2.0 14.2 16.5 –2.2 3.4 3.1 0.3 

1973 .......................................................................................... 1,306.8 17.7 18.8 –1.1 14.1 15.3 –1.2 3.5 3.5 * 

1974 .......................................................................................... 1,438.1 18.3 18.7 –0.4 14.6 15.1 –0.6 3.7 3.6 0.1 

1975 .......................................................................................... 1,554.5 18.0 21.4 –3.4 13.9 17.5 –3.6 4.0 3.9 0.1 

1976 .......................................................................................... 1,730.4 17.2 21.5 –4.3 13.4 17.5 –4.1 3.8 4.0 –0.2 

TQ ............................................................................................. 454.8 17.9 21.1 –3.2 13.9 16.8 –2.9 4.0 4.3 –0.3 

1977 .......................................................................................... 1,971.4 18.0 20.8 –2.7 14.1 16.7 –2.5 3.9 4.1 –0.2 

1978 .......................................................................................... 2,212.6 18.1 20.7 –2.7 14.2 16.7 –2.5 3.9 4.1 –0.2 

1979 .......................................................................................... 2,495.9 18.6 20.2 –1.6 14.6 16.2 –1.6 3.9 4.0 –0.1 

1980 .......................................................................................... 2,718.9 19.0 21.7 –2.7 14.9 17.5 –2.7 4.2 4.2 –* 

1981 .......................................................................................... 3,049.1 19.7 22.2 –2.6 15.4 17.8 –2.4 4.3 4.4 –0.2 

1982 .......................................................................................... 3,211.3 19.2 23.2 –4.0 14.8 18.5 –3.7 4.5 4.7 –0.2 

1983 .......................................................................................... 3,421.9 17.6 23.6 –6.1 13.2 19.3 –6.1 4.3 4.3 * 

1984 .......................................................................................... 3,812.0 17.5 22.3 –4.9 13.1 18.0 –4.9 4.4 4.3 * 

* 0.05 percent or less. 

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision 

levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.


Table 1.2—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1930–2002—Continued 

Year 

GDP 

(in billions 

of 

dollars) 

Receipts 


Outlays 

Surplus 

or 

Deficit (–) 

Receipts 

Outlays 

Surplus 

or 

Deficit (–) 

Receipts 

Outlays 

Surplus 

or 

Deficit (–) 

1985 .......................................................................................... 4,102.1 17.9 23.1 –5.2 13.4 18.8 –5.4 4.5 4.3 0.2 

1986 .......................................................................................... 4,374.3 17.6 22.6 –5.1 13.0 18.4 –5.4 4.6 4.2 0.4 

1987 .......................................................................................... 4,605.1 18.6 21.8 –3.3 13.9 17.6 –3.7 4.6 4.2 0.4 

1988 .......................................................................................... 4,953.5 18.4 21.5 –3.1 13.5 17.4 –3.9 4.9 4.1 0.8 

1989 .......................................................................................... 5,351.8 18.5 21.4 –2.8 13.6 17.4 –3.8 4.9 3.9 1.0 

1990 .......................................................................................... 5,684.5 18.2 22.0 –3.9 13.2 18.1 –4.9 5.0 4.0 1.0 

1991 .......................................................................................... 5,858.8 18.0 22.6 –4.6 13.0 18.5 –5.5 5.0 4.1 0.9 

1992 .......................................................................................... 6,143.2 17.8 22.5 –4.7 12.8 18.4 –5.5 4.9 4.1 0.8 

1993 .......................................................................................... 6,470.8 17.8 21.8 –3.9 13.0 17.7 –4.6 4.8 4.1 0.7 

1994 .......................................................................................... 6,830.4 18.4 21.4 –3.0 13.5 17.3 –3.8 4.9 4.1 0.8 

1995 .......................................................................................... 7,186.9 18.8 21.1 –2.3 13.9 17.1 –3.1 4.9 4.0 0.9 

1996 .......................................................................................... 7,484.7 19.4 20.8 –1.4 14.5 16.8 –2.3 4.9 4.0 0.9 

1997 estimate ........................................................................... 7,853.8 19.2 20.8 –1.6 14.2 16.8 –2.5 5.0 4.0 0.9 

1998 estimate ........................................................................... 8,218.6 19.1 20.5 –1.5 14.1 16.5 –2.4 4.9 4.0 0.9 

1999 estimate ........................................................................... 8,611.8 19.1 20.4 –1.4 14.1 16.5 –2.4 4.9 3.9 1.0 

2000 estimate ........................................................................... 9,042.9 19.1 20.1 –1.0 14.2 16.2 –2.0 4.9 3.9 1.1 

2001 estimate ........................................................................... 9,493.5 19.0 19.4 –0.4 14.1 15.6 –1.5 4.9 3.8 1.1 

2002 estimate ........................................................................... 9,965.4 19.0 18.9 0.2 14.1 15.0 –0.9 4.9 3.8 1.1 




23 

Table 1.3—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) IN CURRENT DOLLARS, CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS, AND 

AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1940–2002 

(dollar amounts in billions) 

Fiscal Year 

Receipts 

In Current Dollars 

Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

Receipts 

In Constant (FY 1992 Dollars) 

Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

Addendum: 

Composite 

Deflator 

Receipts 

As Percentages of GDP 

Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

1940 .................................... 6.5 9.5 –2.9 75.5 109.2 –33.7 0.0867 6.7 9.7 –3.0 

1941 .................................... 8.7 13.7 –4.9 95.8 150.2 –54.4 0.0909 7.5 11.8 –4.3 

1942 .................................... 14.6 35.1 –20.5 139.1 334.0 –194.9 0.1052 10.1 24.2 –14.1 

1943 .................................... 24.0 78.6 –54.6 204.4 669.1 –464.7 0.1174 13.3 43.7 –30.3 

1944 .................................... 43.7 91.3 –47.6 395.5 825.5 –430.0 0.1106 21.2 44.2 –23.0 

1945 .................................... 45.2 92.7 –47.6 420.1 862.4 –442.4 0.1075 20.8 42.6 –21.9 

1946 .................................... 39.3 55.2 –15.9 376.4 529.0 –152.6 0.1044 18.0 25.4 –7.3 

1947 .................................... 38.5 34.5 4.0 308.4 276.2 32.2 0.1249 16.9 15.1 1.8 

1948 .................................... 41.6 29.8 11.8 324.7 232.5 92.2 0.1280 16.4 11.7 4.7 

1949 .................................... 39.4 38.8 0.6 306.5 302.0 4.5 0.1286 14.6 14.4 0.2 

1950 .................................... 39.4 42.6 –3.1 295.9 319.3 –23.4 0.1333 14.5 15.6 –1.1 

1951 .................................... 51.6 45.5 6.1 397.7 350.6 47.0 0.1298 16.1 14.2 1.9 

1952 .................................... 66.2 67.7 –1.5 495.6 507.0 –11.4 0.1335 18.9 19.4 –0.4 

1953 .................................... 69.6 76.1 –6.5 483.4 528.5 –45.1 0.1440 18.7 20.4 –1.7 

1954 .................................... 69.7 70.9 –1.2 466.9 474.6 –7.7 0.1493 18.5 18.8 –0.3 

1955 .................................... 65.5 68.4 –3.0 431.2 450.9 –19.7 0.1518 16.5 17.3 –0.8 

1956 .................................... 74.6 70.6 3.9 465.6 440.9 24.6 0.1602 17.5 16.6 0.9 

1957 .................................... 80.0 76.6 3.4 470.0 449.9 20.0 0.1702 17.8 17.0 0.8 

1958 .................................... 79.6 82.4 –2.8 442.7 458.1 –15.4 0.1799 17.4 18.0 –0.6 

1959 .................................... 79.2 92.1 –12.8 413.4 480.4 –67.0 0.1917 16.2 18.8 –2.6 

1960 .................................... 92.5 92.2 0.3 459.7 458.2 1.5 0.2012 17.8 17.8 0.1 

1961 .................................... 94.4 97.7 –3.3 457.8 473.9 –16.2 0.2062 17.8 18.4 –0.6 

1962 .................................... 99.7 106.8 –7.1 477.6 511.8 –34.2 0.2087 17.6 18.8 –1.3 

1963 .................................... 106.6 111.3 –4.8 492.4 514.4 –22.0 0.2164 17.8 18.6 –0.8 

1964 .................................... 112.6 118.5 –5.9 512.1 539.0 –26.9 0.2199 17.6 18.5 –0.9 

1965 .................................... 116.8 118.2 –1.4 524.5 530.9 –6.3 0.2227 17.0 17.2 –0.2 

1966 .................................... 130.8 134.5 –3.7 570.1 586.2 –16.1 0.2295 17.4 17.9 –0.5 

1967 .................................... 148.8 157.5 –8.6 628.5 665.0 –36.5 0.2368 18.3 19.4 –1.1 

1968 .................................... 153.0 178.1 –25.2 619.6 721.5 –101.9 0.2469 17.6 20.5 –2.9 

1969 .................................... 186.9 183.6 3.2 717.1 704.7 12.4 0.2606 19.7 19.4 0.3 

1970 .................................... 192.8 195.6 –2.8 697.3 707.6 –10.3 0.2765 19.1 19.4 –0.3 

1971 .................................... 187.1 210.2 –23.0 636.7 715.1 –78.4 0.2939 17.4 19.5 –2.1 

1972 .................................... 207.3 230.7 –23.4 663.8 738.7 –74.8 0.3123 17.6 19.6 –2.0 

1973 .................................... 230.8 245.7 –14.9 703.7 749.1 –45.5 0.3280 17.7 18.8 –1.1 

1974 .................................... 263.2 269.4 –6.1 742.1 759.4 –17.3 0.3547 18.3 18.7 –0.4 

1975 .................................... 279.1 332.3 –53.2 711.8 847.6 –135.8 0.3921 18.0 21.4 –3.4 

1976 .................................... 298.1 371.8 –73.7 709.8 885.4 –175.6 0.4199 17.2 21.5 –4.3 

TQ ....................................... 81.2 96.0 –14.7 187.1 221.0 –34.0 0.4342 17.9 21.1 –3.2 

1977 .................................... 355.6 409.2 –53.7 783.2 901.4 –118.2 0.4540 18.0 20.8 –2.7 

1978 .................................... 399.6 458.7 –59.2 822.6 944.5 –121.9 0.4857 18.1 20.7 –2.7 

1979 .................................... 463.3 504.0 –40.7 879.6 957.0 –77.3 0.5267 18.6 20.2 –1.6 

1980 .................................... 517.1 590.9 –73.8 888.7 1,015.5 –126.9 0.5819 19.0 21.7 –2.7 

1981 .................................... 599.3 678.2 –79.0 933.3 1,056.3 –123.0 0.6421 19.7 22.2 –2.6 

1982 .................................... 617.8 745.8 –128.0 899.9 1,086.3 –186.4 0.6865 19.2 23.2 –4.0 

1983 .................................... 600.6 808.4 –207.8 834.7 1,123.5 –288.8 0.7195 17.6 23.6 –6.1 

1984 .................................... 666.5 851.9 –185.4 883.4 1,129.1 –245.7 0.7545 17.5 22.3 –4.9 

1985 .................................... 734.2 946.5 –212.3 937.8 1,209.0 –271.2 0.7829 17.9 23.1 –5.2 

1986 .................................... 769.3 990.5 –221.2 955.6 1,230.4 –274.8 0.8050 17.6 22.6 –5.1 

1987 .................................... 854.4 1,004.2 –149.8 1,032.8 1,213.8 –181.0 0.8273 18.6 21.8 –3.3 

1988 .................................... 909.3 1,064.5 –155.2 1,064.0 1,245.6 –181.6 0.8546 18.4 21.5 –3.1 

1989 .................................... 991.2 1,143.7 –152.5 1,113.4 1,284.7 –171.3 0.8902 18.5 21.4 –2.8 

1990 .................................... 1,032.0 1,253.2 –221.2 1,114.8 1,353.7 –238.9 0.9257 18.2 22.0 –3.9 

1991 .................................... 1,055.0 1,324.4 –269.4 1,088.2 1,366.1 –277.8 0.9695 18.0 22.6 –4.6 

1992 .................................... 1,091.3 1,381.7 –290.4 1,091.3 1,381.7 –290.4 1.0000 17.8 22.5 –4.7 

1993 .................................... 1,154.4 1,409.4 –255.0 1,126.0 1,374.8 –248.7 1.0252 17.8 21.8 –3.9 

1994 .................................... 1,258.6 1,461.7 –203.1 1,199.6 1,393.2 –193.6 1.0492 18.4 21.4 –3.0


Table 1.3—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) IN CURRENT DOLLARS, CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS, AND 

AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1940–2002—Continued 


Fiscal Year 

Receipts 


Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

Receipts 

In Constant (FY 1992 Dollars) 

Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

Addendum: 

Composite 

Deflator 

Receipts 


Outlays 

Surplus or 

Deficit (–) 

1995 .................................... 1,351.8 1,515.7 –163.9 1,258.1 1,410.6 –152.5 1.0745 18.8 21.1 –2.3 

1996 .................................... 1,453.1 1,560.3 –107.3 1,322.0 1,419.6 –97.6 1.0991 19.4 20.8 –1.4 

1997 estimate ..................... 1,505.4 1,631.0 –125.6 1,334.2 1,445.6 –111.3 1.1283 19.2 20.8 –1.6 

1998 estimate ..................... 1,566.8 1,687.5 –120.6 1,352.0 1,456.1 –104.1 1.1589 19.1 20.5 –1.5 

1999 estimate ..................... 1,643.3 1,760.7 –117.4 1,380.9 1,479.6 –98.6 1.1900 19.1 20.4 –1.4 

2000 estimate ..................... 1,727.3 1,814.4 –87.1 1,413.3 1,484.6 –71.3 1.2222 19.1 20.1 –1.0 

2001 estimate ..................... 1,808.3 1,844.5 –36.1 1,441.6 1,470.4 –28.8 1.2544 19.0 19.4 –0.4 

2002 estimate ..................... 1,896.7 1,879.7 17.0 1,474.5 1,461.3 13.2 1.2863 19.0 18.9 0.2 




25 

Table 1.4—RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) BY FUND GROUP: 1934–2002 


Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) 

Fiscal Year 

Total 

Federal 

Funds 

Trust 

Funds 

Interfund 

Transactions 

Total 

Federal 

Funds 

Trust 

Funds 

Interfund 

Transactions 

Total 

Federal 

Funds 

Trust 

Funds 

1934 ....................................................................... 2,955 2,926 72 –42 6,541 6,558 25 –42 –3,586 –3,633 47 

1935 ....................................................................... 3,609 3,578 76 –45 6,412 6,427 30 –45 –2,803 –2,849 46 

1936 ....................................................................... 3,923 3,871 168 –116 8,228 8,335 9 –116 –4,304 –4,464 159 

1937 ....................................................................... 5,387 4,794 691 –99 7,580 7,620 58 –99 –2,193 –2,826 633 

1938 ....................................................................... 6,751 5,477 1,474 –201 6,840 6,689 351 –201 –89 –1,212 1,124 

1939 ....................................................................... 6,295 4,822 1,657 –184 9,141 8,718 607 –184 –2,846 –3,896 1,051 

1940 ....................................................................... 6,548 4,929 1,845 –225 9,468 8,974 720 –225 –2,920 –4,045 1,125 

1941 ....................................................................... 8,712 6,900 2,090 –277 13,653 13,260 671 –277 –4,941 –6,360 1,419 

1942 ....................................................................... 14,634 12,336 2,613 –315 35,137 34,831 620 –315 –20,503 –22,496 1,992 

1943 ....................................................................... 24,001 21,117 3,279 –395 78,555 78,765 185 –395 –54,554 –57,648 3,094 

1944 ....................................................................... 43,747 40,466 3,896 –615 91,304 92,284 –365 –615 –47,557 –51,818 4,261 

1945 ....................................................................... 45,159 41,875 5,045 –1,760 92,712 94,846 –374 –1,760 –47,553 –52,972 5,419 

1946 ....................................................................... 39,296 36,357 5,144 –2,205 55,232 56,204 1,234 –2,205 –15,936 –19,847 3,910 

1947 ....................................................................... 38,514 35,380 4,885 –1,751 34,496 34,803 1,444 –1,751 4,018 577 3,441 

1948 ....................................................................... 41,560 37,822 4,894 –1,156 29,764 28,988 1,932 –1,156 11,796 8,834 2,962 

1949 ....................................................................... 39,415 35,849 4,750 –1,184 38,835 37,686 2,333 –1,184 580 –1,838 2,417 

1950 ....................................................................... 39,443 35,334 5,823 –1,715 42,562 38,389 5,888 –1,715 –3,119 –3,055 –65 

1951 ....................................................................... 51,616 46,183 6,729 –1,296 45,514 43,732 3,078 –1,296 6,102 2,451 3,651 

1952 ....................................................................... 66,167 59,989 7,744 –1,566 67,686 64,994 4,257 –1,566 –1,519 –5,005 3,486 

1953 ....................................................................... 69,608 63,085 8,080 –1,557 76,101 73,006 4,652 –1,557 –6,493 –9,921 3,427 

1954 ....................................................................... 69,701 62,774 8,297 –1,370 70,855 65,924 6,301 –1,370 –1,154 –3,151 1,997 

1955 ....................................................................... 65,451 58,168 8,627 –1,344 68,444 62,341 7,447 –1,344 –2,993 –4,173 1,180 

1956 ....................................................................... 74,587 65,594 10,745 –1,753 70,640 64,281 8,111 –1,753 3,947 1,313 2,634 

1957 ....................................................................... 79,990 68,847 13,210 –2,067 76,578 67,189 11,456 –2,067 3,412 1,657 1,755 

1958 ....................................................................... 79,636 66,720 15,082 –2,166 82,405 69,737 14,834 –2,166 –2,769 –3,017 248 

1959 ....................................................................... 79,249 65,800 15,770 –2,321 92,098 77,071 17,348 –2,321 –12,849 –11,271 –1,578 

1960 ....................................................................... 92,492 75,647 19,232 –2,387 92,191 74,856 19,722 –2,387 301 791 –490 

1961 ....................................................................... 94,388 75,175 22,320 –3,107 97,723 79,368 21,462 –3,107 –3,335 –4,193 858 

1962 ....................................................................... 99,676 79,700 22,981 –3,005 106,821 86,546 23,281 –3,005 –7,146 –6,847 –299 

1963 ....................................................................... 106,560 84,013 25,792 –3,245 111,316 90,643 23,918 –3,245 –4,756 –6,630 1,874 

1964 ....................................................................... 112,613 87,511 28,461 –3,358 118,528 96,098 25,788 –3,358 –5,915 –8,588 2,673 

1965 ....................................................................... 116,817 90,943 29,202 –3,328 118,228 94,853 26,703 –3,328 –1,411 –3,910 2,499 

1966 ....................................................................... 130,835 101,428 32,959 –3,552 134,532 106,590 31,495 –3,552 –3,698 –5,162 1,464 

1967 ....................................................................... 148,822 111,835 42,213 –5,227 157,464 127,544 35,147 –5,227 –8,643 –15,709 7,066 

1968 ....................................................................... 152,973 114,726 44,011 –5,764 178,134 143,100 40,799 –5,764 –25,161 –28,373 3,212 

1969 ....................................................................... 186,882 143,322 51,108 –7,549 183,640 148,192 42,996 –7,549 3,242 –4,871 8,112 

1970 ....................................................................... 192,807 143,159 58,425 –8,777 195,649 156,327 48,099 –8,777 –2,842 –13,168 10,326 

1971 ....................................................................... 187,139 133,785 64,937 –11,583 210,172 163,681 58,074 –11,583 –23,033 –29,896 6,863 

1972 ....................................................................... 207,309 148,846 71,619 –13,156 230,681 178,144 65,693 –13,156 –23,373 –29,299 5,926 

1973 ....................................................................... 230,799 161,357 90,767 –21,325 245,707 187,044 79,988 –21,325 –14,908 –25,687 10,779 

1974 ....................................................................... 263,224 181,228 103,789 –21,793 269,359 201,376 89,776 –21,793 –6,135 –20,148 14,013 

1975 ....................................................................... 279,090 187,505 117,647 –26,061 332,332 248,174 110,220 –26,061 –53,242 –60,669 7,427 

1976 ....................................................................... 298,060 201,099 132,509 –35,548 371,792 277,242 130,099 –35,548 –73,732 –76,143 2,410 

TQ .......................................................................... 81,232 54,085 31,625 –4,478 95,975 66,878 33,575 –4,478 –14,744 –12,794 –1,950 

1977 ....................................................................... 355,559 241,312 151,503 –37,256 409,218 304,474 142,000 –37,256 –53,659 –63,162 9,502 

1978 ....................................................................... 399,561 270,490 166,468 –37,397 458,746 342,372 153,771 –37,397 –59,186 –71,882 12,697 

1979 ....................................................................... 463,302 316,366 188,072 –41,136 504,032 375,435 169,733 –41,136 –40,729 –59,069 18,339 

1980 ....................................................................... 517,112 350,856 212,106 –45,850 590,947 433,494 203,302 –45,850 –73,835 –82,639 8,804 

1981 ....................................................................... 599,272 410,422 240,601 –51,751 678,249 496,222 233,778 –51,751 –78,976 –85,799 6,823 

1982 ....................................................................... 617,766 409,253 270,138 –61,625 745,755 543,486 263,894 –61,625 –127,989 –134,233 6,244 

1983 ....................................................................... 600,562 382,432 319,363 –101,233 808,380 613,331 296,282 –101,233 –207,818 –230,899 23,081 

1984 ....................................................................... 666,499 420,412 338,661 –92,574 851,888 638,705 305,757 –92,574 –185,388 –218,293 32,905 

1985 ....................................................................... 734,165 460,388 397,500 –123,723 946,499 726,871 343,351 –123,723 –212,334 –266,483 54,149 

1986 ....................................................................... 769,260 474,170 423,377 –128,287 990,505 757,308 361,484 –128,287 –221,245 –283,138 61,893 

1987 ....................................................................... 854,396 538,752 444,203 –128,559 1,004,164 761,138 371,585 –128,559 –149,769 –222,387 72,618 

1988 ....................................................................... 909,303 561,447 491,202 –143,346 1,064,489 814,358 393,478 –143,346 –155,187 –252,910 97,724 

1989 ....................................................................... 991,190 615,322 535,941 –160,073 1,143,671 891,286 412,458 –160,073 –152,481 –275,964 123,483 

See note at end of table.


Table 1.4—RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) BY FUND GROUP: 1934–2002—Continued 


Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) 

Fiscal Year 

Total 

Federal 

Funds 

Trust 

Funds 

Interfund 

Transactions 

Total 

Federal 

Funds 

Trust 

Funds 

Interfund 

Transactions 

Total 

Federal 

Funds 

Trust 

Funds 

1990 ....................................................................... 1,031,969 635,838 566,931 –170,799 1,253,163 977,212 446,750 –170,799 –221,194 –341,374 120,180 

1991 ....................................................................... 1,055,041 641,572 603,913 –190,444 1,324,400 1,022,668 492,177 –190,444 –269,359 –381,095 111,736 

1992 ....................................................................... 1,091,279 656,296 636,126 –201,142 1,381,681 1,042,718 540,105 –201,142 –290,402 –386,423 96,021 

1993 ....................................................................... 1,154,401 705,457 671,517 –222,573 1,409,414 1,060,876 571,110 –222,573 –255,013 –355,420 100,407 

1994 ....................................................................... 1,258,627 775,027 694,017 –210,417 1,461,731 1,073,533 598,615 –210,417 –203,104 –298,506 95,402 

1995 ....................................................................... 1,351,830 838,831 729,029 –216,030 1,515,729 1,102,025 629,734 –216,030 –163,899 –263,194 99,295 

1996 ....................................................................... 1,453,062 917,134 775,749 –239,821 1,560,330 1,139,061 661,090 –239,821 –107,268 –221,927 114,659 

1997 estimate ........................................................ 1,505,425 938,126 816,239 –248,940 1,631,016 1,180,369 699,587 –248,940 –125,591 –242,243 116,652 

1998 estimate ........................................................ 1,566,842 973,677 868,272 –275,107 1,687,475 1,228,219 734,363 –275,107 –120,633 –254,542 133,909 

1999 estimate ........................................................ 1,643,320 1,028,821 903,771 –289,272 1,760,700 1,284,587 765,385 –289,272 –117,380 –255,766 138,386 

2000 estimate ........................................................ 1,727,304 1,083,007 947,832 –303,535 1,814,427 1,319,986 797,976 –303,535 –87,123 –236,979 149,856 

2001 estimate ........................................................ 1,808,347 1,135,989 993,500 –321,142 1,844,488 1,326,336 839,294 –321,142 –36,141 –190,347 154,206 

2002 estimate ........................................................ 1,896,686 1,192,237 1,044,273 –339,824 1,879,717 1,337,429 882,112 –339,824 16,969 –145,192 162,161 

Note: Receipts and outlays have been adjusted in this table by including interfund offsetting receipts of federal funds and trust funds in each fund’s receipt totals and excluding 

them from the outlay totals.


27 

Fiscal Year 

Individual Income 

Taxes 

Table 2.1—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2002 


Corporation Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions 2 

Income 

Excise 

Total Receipts 

Taxes 1 Taxes 2 Other 3 

Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) 

1934 .................................... 420 364 30 (30) ....................... 1,354 788 2,955 (2,955) ....................... 

1935 .................................... 527 529 31 (31) ....................... 1,439 1,084 3,609 (3,609) ....................... 

1936 .................................... 674 719 52 (52) ....................... 1,631 847 3,923 (3,923) ....................... 

1937 .................................... 1,092 1,038 580 (315) (265) 1,876 801 5,387 (5,122) (265) 

1938 .................................... 1,286 1,287 1,541 (1,154) (387) 1,863 773 6,751 (6,364) (387) 

1939 .................................... 1,029 1,127 1,593 (1,090) (503) 1,871 675 6,295 (5,792) (503) 

1940 .................................... 892 1,197 1,785 (1,235) (550) 1,977 698 6,548 (5,998) (550) 

1941 .................................... 1,314 2,124 1,940 (1,252) (688) 2,552 781 8,712 (8,024) (688) 

1942 .................................... 3,263 4,719 2,452 (1,557) (896) 3,399 801 14,634 (13,738) (896) 

1943 .................................... 6,505 9,557 3,044 (1,913) (1,130) 4,096 800 24,001 (22,871) (1,130) 

1944 .................................... 19,705 14,838 3,473 (2,181) (1,292) 4,759 972 43,747 (42,455) (1,292) 

1945 .................................... 18,372 15,988 3,451 (2,141) (1,310) 6,265 1,083 45,159 (43,849) (1,310) 

1946 .................................... 16,098 11,883 3,115 (1,877) (1,238) 6,998 1,202 39,296 (38,057) (1,238) 

1947 .................................... 17,935 8,615 3,422 (1,963) (1,459) 7,211 1,331 38,514 (37,055) (1,459) 

1948 .................................... 19,315 9,678 3,751 (2,134) (1,616) 7,356 1,461 41,560 (39,944) (1,616) 

1949 .................................... 15,552 11,192 3,781 (2,091) (1,690) 7,502 1,388 39,415 (37,724) (1,690) 

1950 .................................... 15,755 10,449 4,338 (2,232) (2,106) 7,550 1,351 39,443 (37,336) (2,106) 

1951 .................................... 21,616 14,101 5,674 (2,554) (3,120) 8,648 1,578 51,616 (48,496) (3,120) 

1952 .................................... 27,934 21,226 6,445 (2,851) (3,594) 8,852 1,710 66,167 (62,573) (3,594) 

1953 .................................... 29,816 21,238 6,820 (2,723) (4,097) 9,877 1,857 69,608 (65,511) (4,097) 

1954 .................................... 29,542 21,101 7,208 (2,619) (4,589) 9,945 1,905 69,701 (65,112) (4,589) 

1955 .................................... 28,747 17,861 7,862 (2,781) (5,081) 9,131 1,850 65,451 (60,370) (5,081) 

1956 .................................... 32,188 20,880 9,320 (2,896) (6,425) 9,929 2,270 74,587 (68,162) (6,425) 

1957 .................................... 35,620 21,167 9,997 (3,208) (6,789) 10,534 2,672 79,990 (73,201) (6,789) 

1958 .................................... 34,724 20,074 11,239 (3,190) (8,049) 10,638 2,961 79,636 (71,587) (8,049) 

1959 .................................... 36,719 17,309 11,722 (3,427) (8,296) 10,578 2,921 79,249 (70,953) (8,296) 

1960 .................................... 40,715 21,494 14,683 (4,042) (10,641) 11,676 3,923 92,492 (81,851) (10,641) 

1961 .................................... 41,338 20,954 16,439 (4,331) (12,109) 11,860 3,796 94,388 (82,279) (12,109) 

1962 .................................... 45,571 20,523 17,046 (4,776) (12,271) 12,534 4,001 99,676 (87,405) (12,271) 

1963 .................................... 47,588 21,579 19,804 (5,629) (14,175) 13,194 4,395 106,560 (92,385) (14,175) 

1964 .................................... 48,697 23,493 21,963 (5,597) (16,366) 13,731 4,731 112,613 (96,248) (16,366) 

1965 .................................... 48,792 25,461 22,242 (5,519) (16,723) 14,570 5,753 116,817 (100,094) (16,723) 

1966 .................................... 55,446 30,073 25,546 (6,460) (19,085) 13,062 6,708 130,835 (111,749) (19,085) 

1967 .................................... 61,526 33,971 32,619 (8,217) (24,401) 13,719 6,987 148,822 (124,420) (24,401) 

1968 .................................... 68,726 28,665 33,923 (9,007) (24,917) 14,079 7,580 152,973 (128,056) (24,917) 

1969 .................................... 87,249 36,678 39,015 (10,062) (28,953) 15,222 8,718 186,882 (157,928) (28,953) 

1970 .................................... 90,412 32,829 44,362 (10,903) (33,459) 15,705 9,499 192,807 (159,348) (33,459) 

1971 .................................... 86,230 26,785 47,325 (11,481) (35,845) 16,614 10,185 187,139 (151,294) (35,845) 

1972 .................................... 94,737 32,166 52,574 (12,667) (39,907) 15,477 12,355 207,309 (167,402) (39,907) 

1973 .................................... 103,246 36,153 63,115 (17,031) (46,084) 16,260 12,026 230,799 (184,715) (46,084) 

1974 .................................... 118,952 38,620 75,071 (21,146) (53,925) 16,844 13,737 263,224 (209,299) (53,925) 

1975 .................................... 122,386 40,621 84,534 (22,077) (62,458) 16,551 14,998 279,090 (216,633) (62,458) 

1976 .................................... 131,603 41,409 90,769 (24,381) (66,389) 16,963 17,317 298,060 (231,671) (66,389) 

TQ ....................................... 38,801 8,460 25,219 (7,203) (18,016) 4,473 4,279 81,232 (63,216) (18,016) 

1977 .................................... 157,626 54,892 106,485 (29,668) (76,817) 17,548 19,008 355,559 (278,741) (76,817) 

1978 .................................... 180,988 59,952 120,967 (35,576) (85,391) 18,376 19,278 399,561 (314,169) (85,391) 

1979 .................................... 217,841 65,677 138,939 (40,945) (97,994) 18,745 22,101 463,302 (365,309) (97,994) 

1980 .................................... 244,069 64,600 157,803 (44,594) (113,209) 24,329 26,311 517,112 (403,903) (113,209) 

1981 .................................... 285,917 61,137 182,720 (52,545) (130,176) 40,839 28,659 599,272 (469,097) (130,176) 

1982 .................................... 297,744 49,207 201,498 (58,031) (143,467) 36,311 33,006 617,766 (474,299) (143,467) 

1983 .................................... 288,938 37,022 208,994 (61,674) (147,320) 35,300 30,309 600,562 (453,242) (147,320) 

1984 .................................... 298,415 56,893 239,376 (73,301) (166,075) 37,361 34,454 666,499 (500,424) (166,075) 

1985 .................................... 334,531 61,331 265,163 (78,992) (186,171) 35,992 37,148 734,165 (547,994) (186,171) 

1986 .................................... 348,959 63,143 283,901 (83,673) (200,228) 32,919 40,337 769,260 (569,031) (200,228) 

1987 .................................... 392,557 83,926 303,318 (89,916) (213,402) 32,457 42,137 854,396 (640,994) (213,402) 

1988 .................................... 401,181 94,508 334,335 (92,845) (241,491) 35,227 44,051 909,303 (667,812) (241,491) 

1989 .................................... 445,690 103,291 359,416 (95,751) (263,666) 34,386 48,407 991,190 (727,525) (263,666) 

See footnotes at end of table.


Table 2.1—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2002—Continued 


Fiscal Year 

Individual Income 

Taxes 

Corporation Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions 2 

Income 

Excise 


Taxes 1 Taxes 2 Other 3 


1990 .................................... 466,884 93,507 380,047 (98,392) (281,656) 35,345 56,186 1,031,969 (750,314) (281,656) 

1991 .................................... 467,827 98,086 396,016 (102,131) (293,885) 42,402 50,710 1,055,041 (761,157) (293,885) 

1992 .................................... 475,964 100,270 413,689 (111,263) (302,426) 45,569 55,787 1,091,279 (788,853) (302,426) 

1993 .................................... 509,680 117,520 428,300 (116,366) (311,934) 48,057 50,844 1,154,401 (842,467) (311,934) 

1994 .................................... 543,055 140,385 461,475 (126,450) (335,026) 55,225 58,487 1,258,627 (923,601) (335,026) 

1995 .................................... 590,244 157,004 484,473 (133,394) (351,079) 57,484 62,625 1,351,830 (1,000,751) (351,079) 

1996 .................................... 656,417 171,824 509,414 (141,922) (367,492) 54,014 61,393 1,453,062 (1,085,570) (367,492) 

1997 estimate ..................... 672,683 176,199 535,766 (146,863) (388,903) 57,247 63,530 1,505,425 (1,116,522) (388,903) 

1998 estimate ..................... 691,199 189,662 557,783 (152,839) (404,944) 61,239 66,959 1,566,842 (1,161,898) (404,944) 

1999 estimate ..................... 721,554 199,555 585,229 (160,033) (425,196) 64,496 72,486 1,643,320 (1,218,124) (425,196) 

2000 estimate ..................... 755,558 212,046 614,395 (167,499) (446,896) 64,934 80,371 1,727,304 (1,280,408) (446,896) 

2001 estimate ..................... 795,223 220,521 642,161 (174,544) (467,617) 66,194 84,248 1,808,347 (1,340,730) (467,617) 

2002 estimate ..................... 839,850 227,844 673,075 (183,210) (489,865) 67,363 88,554 1,896,686 (1,406,821) (489,865) 

1 Beginning in 1987, includes trust fund receipts for the hazardous substance superfund. The trust fund amounts are as follows (in millions of dollars): 1987: 196; 1988: 313; 

1989: 292; 1990: 461; 1991: 591; 1992: 380; 1993: 886; 1994: 653; 1995: 612; 1996: 323; 1997: 4; 1998: 1,369; 1999: 915; 2000: 959; 2001: 981; 2002: 1,004. In 1989 and 

1990, includes trust fund receipts for the supplementary medical insurance trust fund. The trust fund amounts are (in millions of dollars): 527 in 1989 and –527 in 1990. 

2 See Table 2.4 for additional details. 

3 See Table 2.5 for additional details.


29 

Table 2.2—PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2002 

Fiscal Year 

Individual Corporation 

Income Taxes Income Taxes 

Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions 

Excise 


Taxes 

Other 


1934 .................................... 14.2 12.3 1.0 (1.0) ....................... 45.8 26.7 100.0 (100.0) ....................... 

1935 .................................... 14.6 14.7 0.9 (0.9) ....................... 39.9 30.0 100.0 (100.0) ....................... 

1936 .................................... 17.2 18.3 1.3 (1.3) ....................... 41.6 21.6 100.0 (100.0) ....................... 

1937 .................................... 20.3 19.3 10.8 (5.9) (4.9) 34.8 14.9 100.0 (95.1) (4.9) 

1938 .................................... 19.1 19.1 22.8 (17.1) (5.7) 27.6 11.5 100.0 (94.3) (5.7) 

1939 .................................... 16.3 17.9 25.3 (17.3) (8.0) 29.7 10.7 100.0 (92.0) (8.0) 

1940 .................................... 13.6 18.3 27.3 (18.9) (8.4) 30.2 10.7 100.0 (91.6) (8.4) 

1941 .................................... 15.1 24.4 22.3 (14.4) (7.9) 29.3 9.0 100.0 (92.1) (7.9) 

1942 .................................... 22.3 32.2 16.8 (10.6) (6.1) 23.2 5.5 100.0 (93.9) (6.1) 

1943 .................................... 27.1 39.8 12.7 (8.0) (4.7) 17.1 3.3 100.0 (95.3) (4.7) 

1944 .................................... 45.0 33.9 7.9 (5.0) (3.0) 10.9 2.2 100.0 (97.0) (3.0) 

1945 .................................... 40.7 35.4 7.6 (4.7) (2.9) 13.9 2.4 100.0 (97.1) (2.9) 

1946 .................................... 41.0 30.2 7.9 (4.8) (3.2) 17.8 3.1 100.0 (96.8) (3.2) 

1947 .................................... 46.6 22.4 8.9 (5.1) (3.8) 18.7 3.5 100.0 (96.2) (3.8) 

1948 .................................... 46.5 23.3 9.0 (5.1) (3.9) 17.7 3.5 100.0 (96.1) (3.9) 

1949 .................................... 39.5 28.4 9.6 (5.3) (4.3) 19.0 3.5 100.0 (95.7) (4.3) 

1950 .................................... 39.9 26.5 11.0 (5.7) (5.3) 19.1 3.4 100.0 (94.7) (5.3) 

1951 .................................... 41.9 27.3 11.0 (4.9) (6.0) 16.8 3.1 100.0 (94.0) (6.0) 

1952 .................................... 42.2 32.1 9.7 (4.3) (5.4) 13.4 2.6 100.0 (94.6) (5.4) 

1953 .................................... 42.8 30.5 9.8 (3.9) (5.9) 14.2 2.7 100.0 (94.1) (5.9) 

1954 .................................... 42.4 30.3 10.3 (3.8) (6.6) 14.3 2.7 100.0 (93.4) (6.6) 

1955 .................................... 43.9 27.3 12.0 (4.2) (7.8) 14.0 2.8 100.0 (92.2) (7.8) 

1956 .................................... 43.2 28.0 12.5 (3.9) (8.6) 13.3 3.0 100.0 (91.4) (8.6) 

1957 .................................... 44.5 26.5 12.5 (4.0) (8.5) 13.2 3.3 100.0 (91.5) (8.5) 

1958 .................................... 43.6 25.2 14.1 (4.0) (10.1) 13.4 3.7 100.0 (89.9) (10.1) 

1959 .................................... 46.3 21.8 14.8 (4.3) (10.5) 13.3 3.7 100.0 (89.5) (10.5) 

1960 .................................... 44.0 23.2 15.9 (4.4) (11.5) 12.6 4.2 100.0 (88.5) (11.5) 

1961 .................................... 43.8 22.2 17.4 (4.6) (12.8) 12.6 4.0 100.0 (87.2) (12.8) 

1962 .................................... 45.7 20.6 17.1 (4.8) (12.3) 12.6 4.0 100.0 (87.7) (12.3) 

1963 .................................... 44.7 20.3 18.6 (5.3) (13.3) 12.4 4.1 100.0 (86.7) (13.3) 

1964 .................................... 43.2 20.9 19.5 (5.0) (14.5) 12.2 4.2 100.0 (85.5) (14.5) 

1965 .................................... 41.8 21.8 19.0 (4.7) (14.3) 12.5 4.9 100.0 (85.7) (14.3) 

1966 .................................... 42.4 23.0 19.5 (4.9) (14.6) 10.0 5.1 100.0 (85.4) (14.6) 

1967 .................................... 41.3 22.8 21.9 (5.5) (16.4) 9.2 4.7 100.0 (83.6) (16.4) 

1968 .................................... 44.9 18.7 22.2 (5.9) (16.3) 9.2 5.0 100.0 (83.7) (16.3) 

1969 .................................... 46.7 19.6 20.9 (5.4) (15.5) 8.1 4.7 100.0 (84.5) (15.5) 

1970 .................................... 46.9 17.0 23.0 (5.7) (17.4) 8.1 4.9 100.0 (82.6) (17.4) 

1971 .................................... 46.1 14.3 25.3 (6.1) (19.2) 8.9 5.4 100.0 (80.8) (19.2) 

1972 .................................... 45.7 15.5 25.4 (6.1) (19.2) 7.5 6.0 100.0 (80.7) (19.2) 

1973 .................................... 44.7 15.7 27.3 (7.4) (20.0) 7.0 5.2 100.0 (80.0) (20.0) 

1974 .................................... 45.2 14.7 28.5 (8.0) (20.5) 6.4 5.2 100.0 (79.5) (20.5) 

1975 .................................... 43.9 14.6 30.3 (7.9) (22.4) 5.9 5.4 100.0 (77.6) (22.4) 

1976 .................................... 44.2 13.9 30.5 (8.2) (22.3) 5.7 5.8 100.0 (77.7) (22.3) 

TQ ....................................... 47.8 10.4 31.0 (8.9) (22.2) 5.5 5.3 100.0 (77.8) (22.2) 

1977 .................................... 44.3 15.4 29.9 (8.3) (21.6) 4.9 5.3 100.0 (78.4) (21.6) 

1978 .................................... 45.3 15.0 30.3 (8.9) (21.4) 4.6 4.8 100.0 (78.6) (21.4) 

1979 .................................... 47.0 14.2 30.0 (8.8) (21.2) 4.0 4.8 100.0 (78.8) (21.2) 

1980 .................................... 47.2 12.5 30.5 (8.6) (21.9) 4.7 5.1 100.0 (78.1) (21.9) 

1981 .................................... 47.7 10.2 30.5 (8.8) (21.7) 6.8 4.8 100.0 (78.3) (21.7) 

1982 .................................... 48.2 8.0 32.6 (9.4) (23.2) 5.9 5.3 100.0 (76.8) (23.2) 

1983 .................................... 48.1 6.2 34.8 (10.3) (24.5) 5.9 5.0 100.0 (75.5) (24.5) 

1984 .................................... 44.8 8.5 35.9 (11.0) (24.9) 5.6 5.2 100.0 (75.1) (24.9) 

1985 .................................... 45.6 8.4 36.1 (10.8) (25.4) 4.9 5.1 100.0 (74.6) (25.4) 

1986 .................................... 45.4 8.2 36.9 (10.9) (26.0) 4.3 5.2 100.0 (74.0) (26.0) 

1987 .................................... 45.9 9.8 35.5 (10.5) (25.0) 3.8 4.9 100.0 (75.0) (25.0) 

1988 .................................... 44.1 10.4 36.8 (10.2) (26.6) 3.9 4.8 100.0 (73.4) (26.6) 

1989 .................................... 45.0 10.4 36.3 (9.7) (26.6) 3.5 4.9 100.0 (73.4) (26.6)


Table 2.2—PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2002—Continued 

Fiscal Year 




Excise 


Taxes 



1990 .................................... 45.2 9.1 36.8 (9.5) (27.3) 3.4 5.4 100.0 (72.7) (27.3) 

1991 .................................... 44.3 9.3 37.5 (9.7) (27.9) 4.0 4.8 100.0 (72.1) (27.9) 

1992 .................................... 43.6 9.2 37.9 (10.2) (27.7) 4.2 5.1 100.0 (72.3) (27.7) 

1993 .................................... 44.2 10.2 37.1 (10.1) (27.0) 4.2 4.4 100.0 (73.0) (27.0) 

1994 .................................... 43.1 11.2 36.7 (10.0) (26.6) 4.4 4.6 100.0 (73.4) (26.6) 

1995 .................................... 43.7 11.6 35.8 (9.9) (26.0) 4.3 4.6 100.0 (74.0) (26.0) 

1996 .................................... 45.2 11.8 35.1 (9.8) (25.3) 3.7 4.2 100.0 (74.7) (25.3) 

1997 estimate ..................... 44.7 11.7 35.6 (9.8) (25.8) 3.8 4.2 100.0 (74.2) (25.8) 

1998 estimate ..................... 44.1 12.1 35.6 (9.8) (25.8) 3.9 4.3 100.0 (74.2) (25.8) 

1999 estimate ..................... 43.9 12.1 35.6 (9.7) (25.9) 3.9 4.4 100.0 (74.1) (25.9) 

2000 estimate ..................... 43.7 12.3 35.6 (9.7) (25.9) 3.8 4.7 100.0 (74.1) (25.9) 

2001 estimate ..................... 44.0 12.2 35.5 (9.7) (25.9) 3.7 4.7 100.0 (74.1) (25.9) 

2002 estimate ..................... 44.3 12.0 35.5 (9.7) (25.8) 3.6 4.7 100.0 (74.2) (25.8)


31 

Table 2.3—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1934–2002 

Fiscal Year 




Excise 


Taxes 



1934 .................................... 0.7 0.6 * (*) ....................... 2.2 1.3 4.8 (4.8) ....................... 

1935 .................................... 0.7 0.8 * (*) ....................... 2.0 1.5 5.1 (5.1) ....................... 

1936 .................................... 0.8 0.9 0.1 (0.1) ....................... 2.1 1.1 4.9 (4.9) ....................... 

1937 .................................... 1.2 1.2 0.7 (0.4) (0.3) 2.1 0.9 6.1 (5.8) (0.3) 

1938 .................................... 1.4 1.4 1.7 (1.3) (0.4) 2.1 0.9 7.5 (7.1) (0.4) 

1939 .................................... 1.1 1.3 1.8 (1.2) (0.6) 2.1 0.7 7.0 (6.4) (0.6) 

1940 .................................... 0.9 1.2 1.8 (1.3) (0.6) 2.0 0.7 6.7 (6.1) (0.6) 

1941 .................................... 1.1 1.8 1.7 (1.1) (0.6) 2.2 0.7 7.5 (7.0) (0.6) 

1942 .................................... 2.2 3.2 1.7 (1.1) (0.6) 2.3 0.6 10.1 (9.5) (0.6) 

1943 .................................... 3.6 5.3 1.7 (1.1) (0.6) 2.3 0.4 13.3 (12.7) (0.6) 

1944 .................................... 9.5 7.2 1.7 (1.1) (0.6) 2.3 0.5 21.2 (20.5) (0.6) 

1945 .................................... 8.5 7.4 1.6 (1.0) (0.6) 2.9 0.5 20.8 (20.2) (0.6) 

1946 .................................... 7.4 5.5 1.4 (0.9) (0.6) 3.2 0.6 18.0 (17.5) (0.6) 

1947 .................................... 7.8 3.8 1.5 (0.9) (0.6) 3.2 0.6 16.9 (16.2) (0.6) 

1948 .................................... 7.6 3.8 1.5 (0.8) (0.6) 2.9 0.6 16.4 (15.8) (0.6) 

1949 .................................... 5.8 4.2 1.4 (0.8) (0.6) 2.8 0.5 14.6 (14.0) (0.6) 

1950 .................................... 5.8 3.8 1.6 (0.8) (0.8) 2.8 0.5 14.5 (13.7) (0.8) 

1951 .................................... 6.7 4.4 1.8 (0.8) (1.0) 2.7 0.5 16.1 (15.1) (1.0) 

1952 .................................... 8.0 6.1 1.8 (0.8) (1.0) 2.5 0.5 18.9 (17.9) (1.0) 

1953 .................................... 8.0 5.7 1.8 (0.7) (1.1) 2.7 0.5 18.7 (17.6) (1.1) 

1954 .................................... 7.8 5.6 1.9 (0.7) (1.2) 2.6 0.5 18.5 (17.3) (1.2) 

1955 .................................... 7.3 4.5 2.0 (0.7) (1.3) 2.3 0.5 16.5 (15.3) (1.3) 

1956 .................................... 7.5 4.9 2.2 (0.7) (1.5) 2.3 0.5 17.5 (16.0) (1.5) 

1957 .................................... 7.9 4.7 2.2 (0.7) (1.5) 2.3 0.6 17.8 (16.3) (1.5) 

1958 .................................... 7.6 4.4 2.4 (0.7) (1.8) 2.3 0.6 17.4 (15.6) (1.8) 

1959 .................................... 7.5 3.5 2.4 (0.7) (1.7) 2.2 0.6 16.2 (14.5) (1.7) 

1960 .................................... 7.9 4.1 2.8 (0.8) (2.1) 2.3 0.8 17.8 (15.8) (2.1) 

1961 .................................... 7.8 4.0 3.1 (0.8) (2.3) 2.2 0.7 17.8 (15.5) (2.3) 

1962 .................................... 8.0 3.6 3.0 (0.8) (2.2) 2.2 0.7 17.6 (15.4) (2.2) 

1963 .................................... 7.9 3.6 3.3 (0.9) (2.4) 2.2 0.7 17.8 (15.4) (2.4) 

1964 .................................... 7.6 3.7 3.4 (0.9) (2.6) 2.1 0.7 17.6 (15.0) (2.6) 

1965 .................................... 7.1 3.7 3.2 (0.8) (2.4) 2.1 0.8 17.0 (14.6) (2.4) 

1966 .................................... 7.4 4.0 3.4 (0.9) (2.5) 1.7 0.9 17.4 (14.8) (2.5) 

1967 .................................... 7.6 4.2 4.0 (1.0) (3.0) 1.7 0.9 18.3 (15.3) (3.0) 

1968 .................................... 7.9 3.3 3.9 (1.0) (2.9) 1.6 0.9 17.6 (14.8) (2.9) 

1969 .................................... 9.2 3.9 4.1 (1.1) (3.1) 1.6 0.9 19.7 (16.7) (3.1) 

1970 .................................... 9.0 3.3 4.4 (1.1) (3.3) 1.6 0.9 19.1 (15.8) (3.3) 

1971 .................................... 8.0 2.5 4.4 (1.1) (3.3) 1.5 0.9 17.4 (14.0) (3.3) 

1972 .................................... 8.0 2.7 4.5 (1.1) (3.4) 1.3 1.0 17.6 (14.2) (3.4) 

1973 .................................... 7.9 2.8 4.8 (1.3) (3.5) 1.2 0.9 17.7 (14.1) (3.5) 

1974 .................................... 8.3 2.7 5.2 (1.5) (3.7) 1.2 1.0 18.3 (14.6) (3.7) 

1975 .................................... 7.9 2.6 5.4 (1.4) (4.0) 1.1 1.0 18.0 (13.9) (4.0) 

1976 .................................... 7.6 2.4 5.2 (1.4) (3.8) 1.0 1.0 17.2 (13.4) (3.8) 

TQ ....................................... 8.5 1.9 5.5 (1.6) (4.0) 1.0 0.9 17.9 (13.9) (4.0) 

1977 .................................... 8.0 2.8 5.4 (1.5) (3.9) 0.9 1.0 18.0 (14.1) (3.9) 

1978 .................................... 8.2 2.7 5.5 (1.6) (3.9) 0.8 0.9 18.1 (14.2) (3.9) 

1979 .................................... 8.7 2.6 5.6 (1.6) (3.9) 0.8 0.9 18.6 (14.6) (3.9) 

1980 .................................... 9.0 2.4 5.8 (1.6) (4.2) 0.9 1.0 19.0 (14.9) (4.2) 

1981 .................................... 9.4 2.0 6.0 (1.7) (4.3) 1.3 0.9 19.7 (15.4) (4.3) 

1982 .................................... 9.3 1.5 6.3 (1.8) (4.5) 1.1 1.0 19.2 (14.8) (4.5) 

1983 .................................... 8.4 1.1 6.1 (1.8) (4.3) 1.0 0.9 17.6 (13.2) (4.3) 

1984 .................................... 7.8 1.5 6.3 (1.9) (4.4) 1.0 0.9 17.5 (13.1) (4.4) 

1985 .................................... 8.2 1.5 6.5 (1.9) (4.5) 0.9 0.9 17.9 (13.4) (4.5) 

1986 .................................... 8.0 1.4 6.5 (1.9) (4.6) 0.8 0.9 17.6 (13.0) (4.6) 

1987 .................................... 8.5 1.8 6.6 (2.0) (4.6) 0.7 0.9 18.6 (13.9) (4.6) 

1988 .................................... 8.1 1.9 6.7 (1.9) (4.9) 0.7 0.9 18.4 (13.5) (4.9) 

1989 .................................... 8.3 1.9 6.7 (1.8) (4.9) 0.6 0.9 18.5 (13.6) (4.9) 





Table 2.3—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1934–2002—Continued 

Fiscal Year 




Excise 


Taxes 



1990 .................................... 8.2 1.6 6.7 (1.7) (5.0) 0.6 1.0 18.2 (13.2) (5.0) 

1991 .................................... 8.0 1.7 6.8 (1.7) (5.0) 0.7 0.9 18.0 (13.0) (5.0) 

1992 .................................... 7.7 1.6 6.7 (1.8) (4.9) 0.7 0.9 17.8 (12.8) (4.9) 

1993 .................................... 7.9 1.8 6.6 (1.8) (4.8) 0.7 0.8 17.8 (13.0) (4.8) 

1994 .................................... 8.0 2.1 6.8 (1.9) (4.9) 0.8 0.9 18.4 (13.5) (4.9) 

1995 .................................... 8.2 2.2 6.7 (1.9) (4.9) 0.8 0.9 18.8 (13.9) (4.9) 

1996 .................................... 8.8 2.3 6.8 (1.9) (4.9) 0.7 0.8 19.4 (14.5) (4.9) 

1997 estimate ..................... 8.6 2.2 6.8 (1.9) (5.0) 0.7 0.8 19.2 (14.2) (5.0) 

1998 estimate ..................... 8.4 2.3 6.8 (1.9) (4.9) 0.7 0.8 19.1 (14.1) (4.9) 

1999 estimate ..................... 8.4 2.3 6.8 (1.9) (4.9) 0.7 0.8 19.1 (14.1) (4.9) 

2000 estimate ..................... 8.4 2.3 6.8 (1.9) (4.9) 0.7 0.9 19.1 (14.2) (4.9) 

2001 estimate ..................... 8.4 2.3 6.8 (1.8) (4.9) 0.7 0.9 19.0 (14.1) (4.9) 

2002 estimate ..................... 8.4 2.3 6.8 (1.8) (4.9) 0.7 0.9 19.0 (14.1) (4.9) 




33 

Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2002 


1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 

Social Insurance 

Employment taxes and contributions: 

Old-age and survivors insurance: 

Federal funds ............................................................................ 54 2 –1 –1 –2 –3 –3 –5 –5 –8 

Trust funds (Off-Budget) .......................................................... 550 688 896 1,130 1,292 1,310 1,238 1,459 1,616 1,690 

Railroad retirement/pension fund: 

Federal funds ............................................................................ 1 23 29 –6 4 –24 –10 82 –201 –11 

Trust funds ................................................................................ 120 114 141 215 263 309 292 298 758 574 

Total 1 ................................................................................... 725 827 1,064 1,338 1,557 1,592 1,517 1,835 2,168 2,246 

Unemployment insurance: 

Federal funds ................................................................................ 111 103 126 167 190 194 190 196 206 220 

Trust funds .................................................................................... 904 953 1,172 1,310 1,454 1,375 1,126 1,133 1,138 985 

Total ...................................................................................... 1,015 1,056 1,299 1,477 1,644 1,568 1,316 1,329 1,343 1,205 

Other retirement contributions: 

Employees retirement—employee contributions .......................... 44 56 88 227 270 289 280 256 236 326 

Contributions for non-Federal employees .................................... 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 

Total ...................................................................................... 45 57 89 229 272 291 282 259 239 330 

Total social insurance taxes and contributions 1 ................ 1,785 1,940 2,452 3,044 3,473 3,451 3,115 3,422 3,751 3,781 

Excise Taxes 

Federal funds: 

Alcohol ........................................................................................... 623 818 1,046 1,422 1,604 2,275 2,490 2,429 2,217 2,168 

Tobacco ......................................................................................... 606 691 779 913 986 929 1,156 1,231 1,297 1,319 

Other ............................................................................................. 748 1,043 1,573 1,760 2,169 3,061 3,352 3,551 3,842 4,015 

Total ...................................................................................... 1,977 2,552 3,399 4,096 4,759 6,265 6,998 7,211 7,356 7,502 

Total excise taxes ................................................................ 1,977 2,552 3,399 4,096 4,759 6,265 6,998 7,211 7,356 7,502 



Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2002—Continued 


1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 



Old-age and survivors insurance: 

Federal funds .............................................................................................. –8 –10 –14 .............. .............. 300 .............. .............. .............. 

Trust funds (Off-Budget) ............................................................................. 2,106 3,120 3,594 4,097 4,589 5,081 6,425 6,457 7,138 

Disability insurance (Off-Budget) .................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 332 911 

Railroad retirement/pension fund: 

Federal funds .............................................................................................. –* 3 * * –* * * .............. .............. 

Trust funds .................................................................................................. 550 575 735 625 603 600 634 616 575 

Total 1 ...................................................................................................... 2,648 3,688 4,315 4,722 5,192 5,981 7,059 7,405 8,624 


Federal funds ................................................................................................... 224 231 257 274 283 278 322 328 333 

Trust funds ....................................................................................................... 1,108 1,378 1,455 1,401 1,278 1,172 1,368 1,623 1,601 

Total ........................................................................................................ 1,332 1,609 1,712 1,675 1,561 1,449 1,690 1,950 1,933 


Employees retirement—employee contributions ............................................. 354 373 413 418 450 426 566 636 673 

Contributions for non-Federal employees ....................................................... 4 4 5 5 5 6 5 5 9 

Total ........................................................................................................ 358 377 418 423 455 431 571 642 682 

Total social insurance taxes and contributions 1 ................................... 4,338 5,674 6,445 6,820 7,208 7,862 9,320 9,997 11,239 

Excise Taxes 


Alcohol ............................................................................................................. 2,180 2,508 2,515 2,723 2,738 2,689 2,866 2,915 2,882 

Tobacco ........................................................................................................... 1,326 1,378 1,562 1,652 1,578 1,568 1,607 1,669 1,728 

Other ................................................................................................................ 4,044 4,761 4,775 5,501 5,630 4,874 5,455 4,472 4,002 

Total ........................................................................................................ 7,550 8,648 8,852 9,877 9,945 9,131 9,929 9,055 8,612 

Trust funds: 

Highway ........................................................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 1,479 2,026 

Total ........................................................................................................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 1,479 2,026 

Total excise taxes ................................................................................... 7,550 8,648 8,852 9,877 9,945 9,131 9,929 10,534 10,638 



35 



1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 



Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ............................................... 7,418 9,671 11,104 11,267 13,117 15,242 15,567 17,556 22,197 

Disability insurance (Off-Budget) .................................................................... 878 970 1,005 1,004 1,058 1,124 1,156 1,530 2,204 

Hospital insurance ........................................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 893 2,645 

Railroad retirement/pension fund .................................................................... 525 607 571 564 572 593 636 683 776 

Total 1 ...................................................................................................... 8,821 11,248 12,679 12,835 14,746 16,959 17,358 20,662 27,823 


Federal funds ................................................................................................... 321 339 .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Trust funds ....................................................................................................... 1,810 2,329 2,903 3,337 4,112 3,997 3,803 3,755 3,575 

Total ........................................................................................................ 2,131 2,667 2,903 3,337 4,112 3,997 3,803 3,755 3,575 


Employees retirement—employee contributions ............................................. 760 758 845 863 933 992 1,064 1,111 1,202 


Total ........................................................................................................ 770 768 857 875 946 1,007 1,081 1,129 1,221 


Excise Taxes 


Alcohol ............................................................................................................. 2,938 3,127 3,146 3,268 3,366 3,499 3,689 3,720 3,980 

Tobacco ........................................................................................................... 1,798 1,927 1,986 2,022 2,075 2,048 2,142 2,066 2,077 


Total ........................................................................................................ 8,504 9,137 9,063 9,585 9,915 10,211 10,911 9,145 9,278 

Trust funds: 

Highway ........................................................................................................... 2,074 2,539 2,798 2,949 3,279 3,519 3,659 3,917 4,441 

Total ........................................................................................................ 2,074 2,539 2,798 2,949 3,279 3,519 3,659 3,917 4,441 






1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 




Disability insurance (Off-Budget) .................................................................... 2,651 3,469 4,063 4,490 4,775 5,381 6,147 7,250 7,686 

Hospital insurance ........................................................................................... 3,493 4,398 4,755 4,874 5,205 7,603 10,551 11,252 11,987 

Railroad retirement/pension fund .................................................................... 814 885 919 980 1,008 1,189 1,411 1,489 1,525 

Total 1 ...................................................................................................... 29,224 34,236 39,133 41,699 46,120 54,876 65,888 75,199 79,901 


Trust funds ....................................................................................................... 3,346 3,328 3,464 3,674 4,357 6,051 6,837 6,771 8,054 

Total ........................................................................................................ 3,346 3,328 3,464 3,674 4,357 6,051 6,837 6,771 8,054 


Employees retirement—employee contributions ............................................. 1,334 1,426 1,735 1,916 2,058 2,146 2,302 2,513 2,760 


Total ........................................................................................................ 1,354 1,451 1,765 1,952 2,097 2,187 2,347 2,565 2,814 


Excise Taxes 


Alcohol ............................................................................................................. 4,189 4,447 4,646 4,696 5,004 5,040 5,248 5,238 5,318 

Tobacco ........................................................................................................... 2,121 2,136 2,093 2,205 2,205 2,274 2,435 2,312 2,484 


Total ........................................................................................................ 9,700 10,585 10,352 10,510 9,506 9,836 9,743 9,400 10,612 

Trust funds: 

Highway ........................................................................................................... 4,379 4,637 5,354 5,542 5,322 5,665 6,260 6,188 5,413 

Airport and airway ........................................................................................... .............. .............. .............. 563 649 758 840 962 938 

Total ........................................................................................................ 4,379 4,637 5,354 6,104 5,971 6,424 7,100 7,151 6,351 




37 



TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 






Railroad retirement/pension fund .................................................................... 328 1,908 1,822 2,190 2,323 2,457 2,917 2,805 3,321 

Total 1 ...................................................................................................... 21,801 92,199 103,881 120,058 138,748 162,973 180,686 185,766 209,658 


Trust funds ....................................................................................................... 2,698 11,312 13,850 15,387 15,336 15,763 16,600 18,799 25,138 

Total ........................................................................................................ 2,698 11,312 13,850 15,387 15,336 15,763 16,600 18,799 25,138 


Employees retirement—employee contributions ............................................. 707 2,915 3,174 3,428 3,660 3,908 4,140 4,351 4,494 


Total ........................................................................................................ 720 2,974 3,237 3,494 3,719 3,984 4,212 4,429 4,580 


Excise Taxes 


Alcohol ............................................................................................................. 1,279 5,295 5,492 5,531 5,601 5,606 5,382 5,557 5,315 

Tobacco ........................................................................................................... 622 2,393 2,444 2,492 2,443 2,581 2,537 4,136 4,660 

Crude oil windfall profit ................................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. 6,934 23,252 18,407 12,135 8,906 

Telephone ........................................................................................................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 2,035 

Other ................................................................................................................ 619 1,960 2,118 1,785 585 2,689 2,344 2,258 1,363 

Total ........................................................................................................ 2,520 9,648 10,054 9,808 15,563 34,128 28,670 24,086 22,279 

Trust funds: 

Highway ........................................................................................................... 1,676 6,709 6,904 7,189 6,620 6,305 6,744 8,297 11,743 

Airport and airway ........................................................................................... 277 1,191 1,326 1,526 1,874 21 133 2,165 2,499 

Black lung disability ......................................................................................... .............. .............. 92 222 272 237 491 494 518 

Inland waterway ............................................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 20 30 29 39 

Hazardous substance superfund .................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 128 244 230 261 

Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) ......................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 9 

Aquatic resources ............................................................................................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 12 

Total ........................................................................................................ 1,953 7,900 8,323 8,937 8,766 6,711 7,641 11,214 15,082 






1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 






Railroad retirement/pension fund .................................................................... 2,213 2,103 2,220 2,326 2,391 2,292 2,371 2,449 2,367 

Railroad social security equivalent account ................................................... 1,391 1,395 1,414 1,417 1,407 1,387 1,428 1,508 1,414 

Total 1 ...................................................................................................... 234,646 255,062 273,028 305,093 332,859 353,891 370,526 385,491 396,939 


Trust funds ....................................................................................................... 25,758 24,098 25,575 24,584 22,011 21,635 20,922 23,410 26,556 

Total ........................................................................................................ 25,758 24,098 25,575 24,584 22,011 21,635 20,922 23,410 26,556 




Total ........................................................................................................ 4,759 4,742 4,715 4,658 4,546 4,522 4,568 4,788 4,805 


Excise Taxes 


Alcohol ............................................................................................................. 5,562 5,828 5,971 5,709 5,661 5,695 7,364 8,011 7,583 

Tobacco ........................................................................................................... 4,779 4,589 4,763 4,616 4,378 4,081 4,706 5,049 5,875 

Crude oil windfall profit ................................................................................... 6,348 2,251 .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Telephone ........................................................................................................ 2,147 2,339 2,522 2,610 2,791 2,995 3,094 3,146 3,320 

Ozone depleting chemicals/products .............................................................. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 360 562 637 854 

Transportation fuels ......................................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 2,780 3,512 3,340 

Other ................................................................................................................ 261 1,046 1,588 3,250 317 2,460 –231 1,481 3,550 

Total ........................................................................................................ 19,097 16,053 14,844 16,185 13,147 15,591 18,275 21,836 24,522 

Trust funds: 

Highway ........................................................................................................... 13,015 13,363 13,032 14,114 15,628 13,867 16,979 16,733 18,039 

Airport and airway ........................................................................................... 2,851 2,736 3,060 3,189 3,664 3,700 4,910 4,645 3,262 

Black lung disability ......................................................................................... 581 547 572 594 563 665 652 626 634 

Inland waterway ............................................................................................... 40 40 48 48 47 63 60 70 79 

Hazardous substance superfund .................................................................... 273 15 635 698 883 818 810 818 826 

Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) ......................................................... 7 –* –1 –9 –1 –1 .............. .............. .............. 

Oil spill liability ................................................................................................. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 143 254 295 229 

Aquatic resources ............................................................................................ 126 165 194 208 187 218 260 271 276 

Leaking underground storage tank ................................................................. .............. .............. 73 125 168 122 123 157 153 

Vaccine injury compensation .......................................................................... .............. .............. .............. 74 99 159 81 118 38 

Total ........................................................................................................ 16,894 16,866 17,613 19,042 21,239 19,754 24,127 23,733 23,535 




39 



1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 






Railroad retirement/pension fund .................................................................... 2,323 2,424 2,362 2,384 2,375 2,365 2,353 2,338 2,321 

Railroad social security equivalent account ................................................... 1,399 1,518 1,510 1,496 1,486 1,486 1,483 1,480 1,477 

Total 1 ...................................................................................................... 428,810 451,045 476,361 501,963 522,972 549,022 577,023 603,816 632,571 


Trust funds ....................................................................................................... 28,004 28,878 28,584 29,465 30,539 31,806 32,826 33,697 35,841 

Total ........................................................................................................ 28,004 28,878 28,584 29,465 30,539 31,806 32,826 33,697 35,841 




Total ........................................................................................................ 4,661 4,550 4,469 4,338 4,272 4,401 4,546 4,648 4,663 


Excise Taxes 


Alcohol ............................................................................................................. 7,539 7,216 7,220 7,171 7,119 7,058 6,996 6,933 6,875 

Tobacco ........................................................................................................... 5,691 5,878 5,795 5,694 5,661 5,626 5,594 5,563 5,535 

Telephone ........................................................................................................ 3,526 3,794 4,234 4,485 4,746 5,007 5,276 5,576 5,901 

Ozone depleting chemicals/products .............................................................. 761 616 320 113 47 25 9 .............. .............. 

Transportation fuels ......................................................................................... 9,402 8,491 7,468 7,669 7,835 8,025 7,856 8,054 8,209 

Aviation user fees ............................................................................................ .............. .............. .............. .............. 300 8,904 8,862 9,099 9,342 

Other ................................................................................................................ 4,307 946 410 1,036 1,969 1,950 1,881 1,721 1,717 

Total ........................................................................................................ 31,226 26,941 25,447 26,168 27,677 36,595 36,474 36,946 37,579 

Trust funds: 

Highway ........................................................................................................... 16,668 22,611 24,651 24,882 24,715 25,317 25,829 26,570 27,061 

Airport and airway ........................................................................................... 5,189 5,534 2,369 4,823 6,391 .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Black lung disability ......................................................................................... 567 608 614 604 613 626 639 652 665 

Inland waterway ............................................................................................... 88 103 108 117 121 125 130 135 140 

Hazardous substance superfund .................................................................... 807 867 313 147 881 900 915 929 943 

Oil spill liability ................................................................................................. 48 211 34 34 296 299 303 306 309 

Aquatic resources ............................................................................................ 301 306 315 324 331 338 345 353 360 

Leaking underground storage tank ................................................................. 152 165 48 23 162 171 174 178 181 

Vaccine injury compensation .......................................................................... 179 138 115 125 52 125 125 125 125 

Total ........................................................................................................ 23,999 30,543 28,567 31,079 33,562 27,901 28,460 29,248 29,784 


* $500 thousand or less. 

1 On-budget and off-budget. 

Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget.


Table 2.5—COMPOSITION OF ‘‘OTHER RECEIPTS’’: 1940–2002 


Fiscal Year 

Total 

‘‘Other 

Receipts’’ 

Estate and 

Gift Taxes 

Customs 

Duties and 

Fees 

Miscellaneous Receipts Memorandum: Trust Fund 

Amounts Included in ‘‘Other 


Federal 

Reserve 

Deposits 1 All Other 2 Customs 

Duties and 

Fees 

All Other 

1940 ................................................................................................... 698 353 331 ...................... 14 ...................... ...................... 

1941 ................................................................................................... 781 403 365 ...................... 14 ...................... ...................... 

1942 ................................................................................................... 801 420 369 ...................... 11 ...................... ...................... 

1943 ................................................................................................... 800 441 308 ...................... 50 ...................... ...................... 

1944 ................................................................................................... 972 507 417 ...................... 48 ...................... ...................... 

1945 ................................................................................................... 1,083 637 341 ...................... 105 ...................... ...................... 

1946 ................................................................................................... 1,202 668 424 ...................... 109 ...................... ...................... 

1947 ................................................................................................... 1,331 771 477 15 69 ...................... ...................... 

1948 ................................................................................................... 1,461 890 403 100 68 ...................... ...................... 

1949 ................................................................................................... 1,388 780 367 187 54 ...................... ...................... 

1950 ................................................................................................... 1,351 698 407 192 55 ...................... ...................... 

1951 ................................................................................................... 1,578 708 609 189 72 ...................... ...................... 

1952 ................................................................................................... 1,710 818 533 278 81 ...................... ...................... 

1953 ................................................................................................... 1,857 881 596 298 81 ...................... ...................... 

1954 ................................................................................................... 1,905 934 542 341 88 ...................... 27 

1955 ................................................................................................... 1,850 924 585 251 90 ...................... 27 

1956 ................................................................................................... 2,270 1,161 682 287 140 ...................... 27 

1957 ................................................................................................... 2,672 1,365 735 434 139 ...................... 28 

1958 ................................................................................................... 2,961 1,393 782 664 123 ...................... 27 

1959 ................................................................................................... 2,921 1,333 925 491 171 ...................... 27 

1960 ................................................................................................... 3,923 1,606 1,105 1,093 119 ...................... 27 

1961 ................................................................................................... 3,796 1,896 982 788 130 ...................... 39 

1962 ................................................................................................... 4,001 2,016 1,142 718 125 ...................... 54 

1963 ................................................................................................... 4,395 2,167 1,205 828 194 ...................... 16 

1964 ................................................................................................... 4,731 2,394 1,252 947 139 ...................... 22 

1965 ................................................................................................... 5,753 2,716 1,442 1,372 222 ...................... 56 

1966 ................................................................................................... 6,708 3,066 1,767 1,713 163 ...................... 29 

1967 ................................................................................................... 6,987 2,978 1,901 1,805 302 ...................... 29 

1968 ................................................................................................... 7,580 3,051 2,038 2,091 400 ...................... 44 

1969 ................................................................................................... 8,718 3,491 2,319 2,662 247 ...................... 15 

1970 ................................................................................................... 9,499 3,644 2,430 3,266 158 ...................... 17 

1971 ................................................................................................... 10,185 3,735 2,591 3,533 325 ...................... 20 

1972 ................................................................................................... 12,355 5,436 3,287 3,252 380 ...................... 23 

1973 ................................................................................................... 12,026 4,917 3,188 3,495 425 ...................... 24 

1974 ................................................................................................... 13,737 5,035 3,334 4,845 523 ...................... 36 

1975 ................................................................................................... 14,998 4,611 3,676 5,777 935 ...................... 40 

1976 ................................................................................................... 17,317 5,216 4,074 5,451 2,576 ...................... 33 

TQ ...................................................................................................... 4,279 1,455 1,212 1,500 111 ...................... 8 

1977 ................................................................................................... 19,008 7,327 5,150 5,908 623 ...................... 42 

1978 ................................................................................................... 19,278 5,285 6,573 6,641 778 ...................... 39 

1979 ................................................................................................... 22,101 5,411 7,439 8,327 925 ...................... 43 

1980 ................................................................................................... 26,311 6,389 7,174 11,767 981 ...................... 54 

1981 ................................................................................................... 28,659 6,787 8,083 12,834 956 60 75 

1982 ................................................................................................... 33,006 7,991 8,854 15,186 975 30 100 

1983 ................................................................................................... 30,309 6,053 8,655 14,492 1,108 30 109 

1984 ................................................................................................... 34,454 6,010 11,370 15,684 1,389 30 126 

1985 ................................................................................................... 37,148 6,422 12,079 17,059 1,588 30 145 

1986 ................................................................................................... 40,337 6,958 13,327 18,374 1,679 30 156 

1987 ................................................................................................... 42,137 7,493 15,085 16,817 2,743 70 177 

1988 ................................................................................................... 44,051 7,594 16,198 17,163 3,096 174 165 

1989 ................................................................................................... 48,407 8,745 16,334 19,604 3,724 243 222 

1990 ................................................................................................... 56,186 11,500 16,707 24,319 3,659 210 247 

1991 ................................................................................................... 50,710 11,138 15,949 19,158 4,465 432 249 

1992 ................................................................................................... 55,787 11,143 17,359 22,920 4,364 563 254 

1993 ................................................................................................... 50,844 12,577 18,802 14,908 4,557 683 453 

1994 ................................................................................................... 58,487 15,225 20,099 18,023 5,141 677 578 

See footnote at end of table.


41 

Table 2.5—COMPOSITION OF ‘‘OTHER RECEIPTS’’: 1940–2002—Continued 


Fiscal Year 

Total 

‘‘Other 


Estate and 

Gift Taxes 

Customs 

Duties and 

Fees 

Miscellaneous Receipts Memorandum: Trust Fund 

Amounts Included in ‘‘Other 


Federal 

Reserve 

Deposits 1 All Other 2 Customs 

Duties and 

Fees 

All Other 

1995 ................................................................................................... 62,625 14,763 19,301 23,378 5,183 728 643 

1996 ................................................................................................... 61,393 17,189 18,670 20,477 5,057 760 576 

1997 estimate .................................................................................... 63,530 17,588 17,328 23,184 5,430 783 680 

1998 estimate .................................................................................... 66,959 18,817 18,307 23,006 6,829 835 704 

1999 estimate .................................................................................... 72,486 19,969 18,469 22,977 11,071 890 676 

2000 estimate .................................................................................... 80,371 21,390 19,617 23,252 16,112 950 655 

2001 estimate .................................................................................... 84,248 22,926 20,523 23,729 17,070 1,014 648 

2002 estimate .................................................................................... 88,554 24,573 21,988 24,162 17,831 1,082 660 

1 Deposits of earnings by the Federal Reserve System. 

2 Beginning in 1984, includes universal service fund receipts.


Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2002 

Superfunction and Function 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 

In millions of dollars 

National defense ............................................................................................ 1,660 6,435 25,658 66,699 79,143 82,965 42,681 12,808 

Human resources .......................................................................................... 4,139 4,158 3,599 2,659 1,928 1,859 5,493 9,909 

Education, training, employment, and social services .............................. 1,972 1,592 1,062 375 160 134 85 102 

Health .......................................................................................................... 55 60 71 92 174 211 201 177 

Income security ........................................................................................... 1,514 1,855 1,828 1,739 1,503 1,137 2,384 2,820 

Social security ............................................................................................. 28 91 137 177 217 267 358 466 

Veterans benefits and services .................................................................. 570 560 501 276 –126 110 2,465 6,344 

Physical resources ........................................................................................ 2,312 1,782 3,892 6,433 5,471 1,747 836 1,227 

Energy ......................................................................................................... 88 91 156 116 65 25 41 18 

Natural resources and environment ........................................................... 997 817 819 726 642 455 482 700 

Commerce and housing credit ................................................................... 550 398 1,521 2,151 624 –2,630 –1,857 –923 

Transportation ............................................................................................. 392 353 1,283 3,220 3,901 3,654 1,970 1,130 

Community and regional development ...................................................... 285 123 113 219 238 243 200 302 

Net interest ..................................................................................................... 899 943 1,052 1,529 2,219 3,112 4,111 4,204 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (941) (999) (1,123) (1,616) (2,322) (3,236) (4,259) (4,367) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–42) (–56) (–71) (–87) (–103) (–124) (–148) (–163) 

Other functions .............................................................................................. 775 882 1,830 2,457 3,864 4,418 3,580 7,900 

International affairs ..................................................................................... 51 145 968 1,286 1,449 1,913 1,935 5,791 

General science, space and technology .................................................... .................... .................... 4 1 48 111 34 5 

Agriculture ................................................................................................... 369 339 344 343 1,275 1,635 610 814 

Administration of justice ............................................................................. 81 92 117 154 192 178 176 176 

General government ................................................................................... 274 306 397 673 900 581 825 1,114 

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................ –317 –547 –894 –1,221 –1,320 –1,389 –1,468 –1,552 

Total, Federal outlays ................................................................................... 9,468 13,653 35,137 78,555 91,304 92,712 55,232 34,496 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (9,482) (13,618) (35,071) (78,466) (91,190) (92,569) (55,022) (34,193) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–14) (35) (66) (89) (114) (143) (210) (303) 

As percentages of outlays 

National defense ............................................................................................. 17.5 47.1 73.0 84.9 86.7 89.5 77.3 37.1 

Human resources ............................................................................................ 43.7 30.5 10.2 3.4 2.1 2.0 9.9 28.7 

Physical resources .......................................................................................... 24.4 13.1 11.1 8.2 6.0 1.9 1.5 3.6 

Net interest ...................................................................................................... 9.5 6.9 3.0 1.9 2.4 3.4 7.4 12.2 

Other functions ................................................................................................ 8.2 6.5 5.2 3.1 4.2 4.8 6.5 22.9 

Undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................................... –3.4 –4.0 –2.5 –1.6 –1.4 –1.5 –2.7 –4.5 

Total, Federal outlays ................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (100.2) (99.7) (99.8) (99.9) (99.9) (99.8) (99.6) (99.1) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–0.2) (0.3) (0.2) (0.1) (0.1) (0.2) (0.4) (0.9) 

As percentages of GDP 




Net interest ...................................................................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.8 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (9.7) (11.8) (24.1) (43.6) (44.1) (42.6) (25.3) (15.0) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–*) (*) (*) (*) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) 





43 

Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2002—Continued 





Education, training, employment, and social services .............................. 191 178 241 235 339 441 370 445 

Health .......................................................................................................... 162 197 268 323 347 336 307 291 


Social security ............................................................................................. 558 657 781 1,565 2,063 2,717 3,352 4,427 

Veterans benefits and services .................................................................. 6,457 6,599 8,834 5,526 5,341 4,519 4,613 4,675 

Physical resources ........................................................................................ 2,243 3,104 3,667 3,924 4,182 4,005 2,584 2,732 

Energy ......................................................................................................... 292 341 327 383 474 425 432 325 

Natural resources and environment ........................................................... 780 1,080 1,308 1,310 1,233 1,289 1,007 940 

Commerce and housing credit ................................................................... 306 800 1,035 1,228 1,278 910 –184 92 

Transportation ............................................................................................. 787 916 967 956 1,124 1,264 1,229 1,246 

Community and regional development ...................................................... 78 –33 30 47 73 117 100 129 

Net interest ..................................................................................................... 4,341 4,523 4,812 4,665 4,701 5,156 4,811 4,850 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (4,532) (4,753) (5,069) (4,952) (5,035) (5,543) (5,250) (5,288) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–191) (–230) (–257) (–287) (–334) (–387) (–439) (–438) 

Other functions .............................................................................................. 5,851 9,032 7,955 4,690 4,346 5,873 4,515 6,718 

International affairs ..................................................................................... 4,566 6,052 4,673 3,647 2,691 2,119 1,596 2,223 

General science, space and technology .................................................... 1 48 55 51 49 49 46 74 

Agriculture ................................................................................................... 69 1,924 2,049 –323 176 2,253 1,817 3,514 


General government ................................................................................... 1,045 824 986 1,097 1,163 1,209 799 651 

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................ –1,643 –1,779 –1,817 –2,332 –3,377 –3,571 –3,397 –3,493 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (–1,643) (–1,779) (–1,817) (–2,332) (–3,377) (–3,571) (–3,396) (–3,487) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... (–1) (–6) 


(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (29,396) (38,408) (42,038) (44,237) (65,956) (73,771) (67,943) (64,461) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (368) (427) (524) (1,277) (1,730) (2,330) (2,912) (3,983) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 14.6 11.6 11.3 10.2 6.9 6.8 6.8 7.1 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (98.8) (98.9) (98.8) (97.2) (97.4) (96.9) (95.9) (94.2) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (1.2) (1.1) (1.2) (2.8) (2.6) (3.1) (4.1) (5.8) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (11.6) (14.3) (15.4) (13.8) (18.9) (19.8) (18.0) (16.3) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (0.1) (0.2) (0.2) (0.4) (0.5) (0.6) (0.8) (1.0) 









Education, training, employment, and social services .............................. 591 590 643 789 968 1,063 1,241 1,458 

Health .......................................................................................................... 359 479 541 685 795 913 1,198 1,451 


Social security ............................................................................................. 5,478 6,661 8,219 9,737 11,602 12,474 14,365 15,788 



Energy ......................................................................................................... 174 240 348 382 464 510 604 530 

Natural resources and environment ........................................................... 870 1,098 1,407 1,632 1,559 1,779 2,044 2,251 

Commerce and housing credit ................................................................... 506 1,424 930 1,933 1,618 1,203 1,424 62 

Transportation ............................................................................................. 1,450 1,662 2,334 3,655 4,126 3,987 4,290 4,596 

Community and regional development ...................................................... 92 135 169 211 224 275 469 574 

Net interest ..................................................................................................... 5,079 5,354 5,604 5,762 6,947 6,716 6,889 7,740 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (5,567) (5,910) (6,175) (6,338) (7,511) (7,307) (7,498) (8,322) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–487) (–557) (–571) (–576) (–563) (–591) (–609) (–582) 



General science, space and technology .................................................... 79 122 141 294 599 1,042 1,723 3,051 

Agriculture ................................................................................................... 3,486 2,288 2,411 4,509 2,623 2,641 3,562 4,384 


General government ................................................................................... 1,201 1,360 655 926 1,184 1,354 1,049 1,230 


(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (–3,571) (–4,058) (–4,240) (–4,449) (–4,632) (–4,601) (–5,053) (–5,555) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–18) (–88) (–145) (–164) (–188) (–206) (–221) (–242) 


(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (65,668) (70,562) (74,902) (83,102) (81,341) (86,046) (93,286) (96,352) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (4,972) (6,016) (7,503) (8,996) (10,850) (11,677) (13,535) (14,964) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.3 7.5 6.9 6.4 7.0 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (93.0) (92.1) (90.9) (90.2) (88.2) (88.1) (87.3) (86.6) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (7.0) (7.9) (9.1) (9.8) (11.8) (11.9) (12.7) (13.4) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (15.4) (15.7) (16.3) (17.0) (15.7) (16.2) (16.4) (16.1) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (1.2) (1.3) (1.6) (1.8) (2.1) (2.2) (2.4) (2.5) 




45 






Education, training, employment, and social services .............................. 1,555 2,140 4,363 6,453 7,634 7,548 8,634 9,849 

Health .......................................................................................................... 1,788 1,791 2,543 3,351 4,390 5,162 5,907 6,843 

Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................... .................... 64 2,748 4,649 5,695 6,213 6,622 



(On-budget) ........................................................................................ .................... .................... .................... (94) (94) (414) (458) (465) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (16,620) (17,460) (20,694) (21,631) (23,760) (26,885) (29,812) (35,408) 



Energy ......................................................................................................... 572 699 612 782 1,037 1,010 997 1,035 

Natural resources and environment ........................................................... 2,364 2,531 2,719 2,869 2,988 2,900 3,065 3,915 

Commerce and housing credit ................................................................... 418 1,157 3,245 3,979 4,280 –119 2,112 2,366 


Community and regional development ...................................................... 933 1,114 1,105 1,108 1,382 1,552 2,392 2,917 

Net interest ..................................................................................................... 8,199 8,591 9,386 10,268 11,090 12,699 14,380 14,841 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (8,805) (9,239) (10,028) (11,060) (12,069) (13,848) (15,948) (16,783) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–607) (–648) (–642) (–792) (–979) (–1,149) (–1,568) (–1,942) 



General science, space and technology .................................................... 4,897 5,823 6,717 6,233 5,524 5,020 4,511 4,182 

Agriculture ................................................................................................... 4,609 3,955 2,447 2,990 4,545 5,826 5,166 4,290 

Administration of justice ............................................................................. 489 535 563 618 659 766 959 1,306 

General government ................................................................................... 1,518 1,499 1,603 1,719 1,757 1,939 2,320 2,442 


(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (–5,429) (–5,626) (–6,205) (–6,879) (–7,600) (–7,454) (–7,995) (–9,467) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–279) (–282) (–337) (–415) (–445) (–532) (–637) (–640) 


(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (102,794) (101,699) (114,817) (137,040) (155,798) (158,436) (168,042) (177,346) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (15,734) (16,529) (19,715) (20,424) (22,336) (25,204) (27,607) (32,826) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 6.9 7.3 7.0 6.5 6.2 6.9 7.4 7.1 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (86.7) (86.0) (85.3) (87.0) (87.5) (86.3) (85.9) (84.4) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (13.3) (14.0) (14.7) (13.0) (12.5) (13.7) (14.1) (15.6) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (16.1) (14.8) (15.3) (16.9) (17.9) (16.7) (16.6) (16.5) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (2.5) (2.4) (2.6) (2.5) (2.6) (2.7) (2.7) (3.0) 





Superfunction and Function 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 





Health .......................................................................................................... 8,674 9,356 10,733 12,930 15,734 3,924 17,302 18,524 

Medicare ...................................................................................................... 7,479 8,052 9,639 12,875 15,834 4,264 19,345 22,768 



(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (538) (526) (494) (499) (515) .................... (717) (741) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (39,620) (48,565) (55,373) (64,159) (73,384) (19,763) (84,344) (93,120) 



Energy ......................................................................................................... 1,296 1,237 1,303 2,916 4,204 1,129 5,770 7,992 


Commerce and housing credit ................................................................... 2,222 931 4,705 9,947 7,619 931 3,093 6,254 


Community and regional development ...................................................... 3,423 4,605 4,229 4,322 5,442 1,569 7,021 11,841 

Net interest ..................................................................................................... 15,478 17,349 21,449 23,244 26,727 6,949 29,901 35,458 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (17,584) (19,629) (23,969) (26,047) (29,539) (7,042) (32,551) (37,861) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–2,106) (–2,280) (–2,520) (–2,803) (–2,812) (–93) (–2,650) (–2,403) 




Agriculture ................................................................................................... 5,259 4,854 2,230 3,036 3,170 983 6,787 11,357 

Administration of justice ............................................................................. 1,653 2,141 2,470 2,955 3,328 891 3,605 3,813 



(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (–8,926) (–12,714) (–15,985) (–12,686) (–13,423) (–3,957) (–13,902) (–14,660) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–657) (–695) (–764) (–916) (–963) (–249) (–977) (–1,060) 


(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (193,824) (200,118) (217,270) (271,892) (302,183) (76,555) (328,502) (369,089) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (36,857) (45,589) (52,089) (60,440) (69,609) (19,421) (80,716) (89,657) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 6.7 7.1 8.0 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.7 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (84.0) (81.4) (80.7) (81.8) (81.3) (79.8) (80.3) (80.5) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (16.0) (18.6) (19.3) (18.2) (18.7) (20.2) (19.7) (19.5) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (16.5) (15.3) (15.1) (17.5) (17.5) (16.8) (16.7) (16.7) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (3.1) (3.5) (3.6) (3.9) (4.0) (4.3) (4.1) (4.1) 




47 







Health .......................................................................................................... 20,494 23,169 26,866 27,445 28,641 30,417 33,542 35,936 

Medicare ...................................................................................................... 26,495 32,090 39,149 46,567 52,588 57,540 65,822 70,164 



(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (757) (675) (670) (844) (19,993) (7,056) (5,189) (8,072) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (103,316) (117,872) (138,914) (155,120) (150,731) (171,167) (183,434) (190,684) 



Energy ......................................................................................................... 9,180 10,156 15,166 13,527 9,353 7,086 5,685 4,735 


Commerce and housing credit ................................................................... 4,686 9,390 8,206 6,256 6,681 6,959 4,337 5,059 



Net interest ..................................................................................................... 42,636 52,538 68,774 85,044 89,828 111,123 129,504 136,047 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (44,860) (54,877) (71,062) (87,114) (91,673) (114,432) (133,622) (140,377) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–2,224) (–2,339) (–2,288) (–2,071) (–1,845) (–3,310) (–4,118) (–4,329) 




Agriculture ................................................................................................... 11,236 8,839 11,323 15,944 22,901 13,613 25,565 31,449 

Administration of justice ............................................................................. 4,173 4,584 4,769 4,712 5,105 5,663 6,270 6,572 



(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (–16,362) (–18,738) (–26,611) (–24,453) (–32,198) (–29,913) (–30,189) (–30,150) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–1,114) (–1,204) (–1,430) (–1,646) (–1,778) (–2,044) (–2,509) (–2,857) 


(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (404,054) (476,618) (543,053) (594,351) (661,272) (686,074) (769,692) (807,007) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (99,978) (114,329) (135,196) (151,404) (147,108) (165,813) (176,807) (183,498) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 8.5 8.9 10.1 11.4 11.1 13.0 13.7 13.7 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (80.2) (80.7) (80.1) (79.7) (81.8) (80.5) (81.3) (81.5) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (19.8) (19.3) (19.9) (20.3) (18.2) (19.5) (18.7) (18.5) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.1 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (16.2) (17.5) (17.8) (18.5) (19.3) (18.0) (18.8) (18.4) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (4.0) (4.2) (4.4) (4.7) (4.3) (4.3) (4.3) (4.2) 










Health .......................................................................................................... 39,967 44,487 48,390 57,716 71,183 89,497 99,415 107,122 

Medicare ...................................................................................................... 75,120 78,878 84,964 98,102 104,489 119,024 130,552 144,747 



(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (4,930) (4,852) (5,069) (3,625) (2,619) (6,166) (6,236) (5,683) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (202,422) (214,489) (227,473) (244,998) (266,395) (281,418) (298,349) (313,881) 



Energy ......................................................................................................... 4,115 2,297 2,706 3,341 2,436 4,500 4,319 5,219 


Commerce and housing credit ................................................................... 6,435 19,164 29,710 67,600 76,271 10,919 –21,853 –4,228 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (6,435) (19,164) (30,019) (65,974) (74,953) (10,260) (–23,294) (–5,331) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ .................... .................... (–310) (1,626) (1,317) (659) (1,441) (1,103) 



Net interest ..................................................................................................... 138,652 151,838 169,266 184,221 194,541 199,421 198,811 202,957 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (143,942) (159,253) (180,661) (200,212) (214,763) (223,059) (225,599) (232,160) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–5,290) (–7,416) (–11,395) (–15,991) (–20,222) (–23,637) (–26,788) (–29,203) 




Agriculture ................................................................................................... 26,606 17,210 16,919 11,958 15,183 15,205 20,363 15,046 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (–33,155) (–32,585) (–32,354) (–31,048) (–33,553) (–33,179) (–30,970) (–31,362) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–3,300) (–4,382) (–4,858) (–5,567) (–5,804) (–6,101) (–6,416) (–6,409) 

Total, Federal outlays ................................................................................... 1,004,164 1,064,489 1,143,671 1,253,163 1,324,400 1,381,681 1,409,414 1,461,731 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (810,332) (861,798) (932,760) (1,028,098) (1,082,713) (1,129,343) (1,142,827) (1,182,359) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (193,832) (202,691) (210,911) (225,065) (241,687) (252,339) (266,587) (279,372) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 13.8 14.3 14.8 14.7 14.7 14.4 14.1 13.9 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (80.7) (81.0) (81.6) (82.0) (81.8) (81.7) (81.1) (80.9) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (19.3) (19.0) (18.4) (18.0) (18.2) (18.3) (18.9) (19.1) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (17.6) (17.4) (17.4) (18.1) (18.5) (18.4) (17.7) (17.3) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (4.2) (4.1) (3.9) (4.0) (4.1) (4.1) (4.1) (4.1) 




49 


Superfunction and Function 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 



Human resources .......................................................................................... 923,765 958,254 1,019,395 1,074,337 1,126,660 1,175,677 1,221,235 1,277,605 


Health .......................................................................................................... 115,418 119,378 127,630 138,241 145,095 151,994 159,605 165,278 

Medicare ...................................................................................................... 159,855 174,225 194,256 207,084 219,552 229,321 245,981 263,237 



(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (5,476) (5,807) (6,944) (7,626) (8,112) (8,677) (8,730) (9,932) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (330,370) (343,869) (360,769) (376,712) (393,877) (412,384) (432,493) (453,025) 



Energy ......................................................................................................... 4,936 2,836 2,053 2,279 1,299 2,045 1,633 –403 


Commerce and housing credit ................................................................... –17,808 –10,646 –8,808 3,359 6,323 12,600 7,307 8,055 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (–15,839) (–10,020) (–10,784) (–735) (5,471) (12,771) (9,067) (9,398) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–1,969) (–626) (1,976) (4,094) (852) (–171) (–1,760) (–1,343) 



Net interest ..................................................................................................... 232,169 241,090 247,382 249,859 251,843 248,203 244,963 238,762 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (265,474) (277,597) (288,620) (295,058) (301,071) (301,384) (302,235) (300,316) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–33,305) (–36,507) (–41,238) (–45,199) (–49,228) (–53,181) (–57,272) (–61,554) 




Agriculture ................................................................................................... 9,778 9,159 10,252 12,341 11,770 11,192 10,021 9,793 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (–38,023) (–31,342) (–39,982) (–48,562) (–35,898) (–37,642) (–41,109) (–58,169) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (–6,432) (–6,278) (–6,505) (–7,028) (–7,633) (–8,356) (–8,942) (–9,781) 

Total, Federal outlays ................................................................................... 1,515,729 1,560,330 1,631,016 1,687,475 1,760,700 1,814,427 1,844,488 1,879,717 

(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (1,227,065) (1,259,872) (1,316,014) (1,358,896) (1,422,832) (1,463,751) (1,479,969) (1,499,370) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (288,664) (300,458) (315,002) (328,579) (337,868) (350,676) (364,519) (380,347) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 15.3 15.5 15.2 14.8 14.3 13.7 13.3 12.7 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (81.0) (80.7) (80.7) (80.5) (80.8) (80.7) (80.2) (79.8) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (19.0) (19.3) (19.3) (19.5) (19.2) (19.3) (19.8) (20.2) 





Net interest ...................................................................................................... 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 




(On-budget) ........................................................................................ (17.1) (16.8) (16.8) (16.5) (16.5) (16.2) (15.6) (15.0) 

(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ (4.0) (4.0) (4.0) (4.0) (3.9) (3.9) (3.8) (3.8) 




Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002 


Function and Subfunction 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 

050 National defense: 

051 Department of Defense—Military: 

Military Personnel ................................................................................ 16,331 16,256 17,422 17,913 20,009 22,952 25,118 26,914 29,032 

Operation and Maintenance ............................................................... 11,594 11,874 11,932 12,349 14,710 19,000 20,578 22,227 21,609 

Procurement ........................................................................................ 14,532 16,632 15,351 11,839 14,339 19,012 23,283 23,988 21,584 

Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation ................................. 6,319 6,376 7,021 6,236 6,259 7,160 7,747 7,457 7,166 

Military Construction ............................................................................ 1,347 1,144 1,026 1,007 1,334 1,536 1,281 1,389 1,168 

Family Housing ................................................................................... 259 563 550 563 569 485 495 574 614 

Other .................................................................................................... –271 –1,696 –717 –1,127 –590 –76 1,853 –1,777 –1,050 

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ..................................... 50,111 51,147 52,585 48,780 56,629 70,069 80,355 80,771 80,123 

053 Atomic energy defense activities ..................................................... 2,074 2,041 1,902 1,620 1,466 1,277 1,336 1,389 1,415 

054 Defense-related activities ................................................................. 160 212 270 220 16 71 235 337 154 

Total, National defense ........................................................................... 52,345 53,400 54,757 50,620 58,111 71,417 81,926 82,497 81,692 

150 International affairs: 

151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................ 2,883 3,079 3,367 3,357 3,478 3,085 2,879 2,484 2,341 

152 International security assistance ..................................................... 1,958 2,185 1,830 1,599 1,590 1,530 1,051 1,102 1,094 

153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................ 249 346 231 336 354 369 354 370 398 

154 Foreign information and exchange activities .................................. 197 201 207 224 228 245 253 237 235 

155 International financial programs ...................................................... 353 –503 –690 –242 –69 338 765 407 261 

Total, International affairs ....................................................................... 5,639 5,308 4,945 5,273 5,580 5,566 5,301 4,600 4,330 

250 General science, space and technology: 

251 General science and basic research .............................................. 497 534 766 789 858 897 930 938 947 

252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ............................ 1,226 2,516 4,131 5,034 5,858 5,336 4,594 4,082 3,564 

Total, General science, space and technology ...................................... 1,723 3,051 4,897 5,823 6,717 6,233 5,524 5,020 4,511 

270 Energy: 

271 Energy supply .................................................................................. 533 451 485 602 510 673 918 887 856 

276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ...................................... 71 80 87 97 101 109 118 122 142 

Total, Energy ........................................................................................... 604 530 572 699 612 782 1,037 1,010 997 

300 Natural resources and environment: 

301 Water resources ............................................................................... 1,290 1,448 1,461 1,546 1,704 1,685 1,644 1,591 1,514 

302 Conservation and land management .............................................. 348 323 327 341 305 369 402 268 376 

303 Recreational resources .................................................................... 152 181 204 218 235 270 323 370 363 

304 Pollution control and abatement ...................................................... 70 87 117 134 158 190 249 303 384 

306 Other natural resources ................................................................... 186 212 255 292 317 354 370 368 428 

Total, Natural resources and environment ............................................. 2,044 2,251 2,364 2,531 2,719 2,869 2,988 2,900 3,065 

350 Agriculture: 

351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................ 3,222 4,047 4,241 3,551 2,004 2,515 4,032 5,304 4,589 

352 Agricultural research and services .................................................. 340 337 369 404 444 475 512 521 577 

Total, Agriculture ..................................................................................... 3,562 4,384 4,609 3,955 2,447 2,990 4,545 5,826 5,166 

370 Commerce and housing credit: 

371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................ 650 –592 –54 277 2,494 2,846 3,261 –720 590 

372 Postal Service .................................................................................. 797 770 578 805 888 1,141 1,080 920 1,510 

373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................ –394 –423 –436 –389 –486 –401 –522 –603 –501 

376 Other advancement of commerce ................................................... 371 307 331 465 348 394 462 284 513 

Total, Commerce and housing credit ..................................................... 1,424 62 418 1,157 3,245 3,979 4,280 –119 2,112 

On-budget unless otherwise stated.


51 

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued 


Function and Subfunction 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 



Military Personnel ................................................................................ 29,079 29,571 29,773 30,409 32,162 32,546 8,268 33,672 35,553 

Operation and Maintenance ............................................................... 20,941 21,675 21,069 22,478 26,297 27,837 7,232 30,587 33,580 

Procurement ........................................................................................ 18,858 17,131 15,654 15,241 16,042 15,964 3,766 18,178 19,976 

Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation ................................. 7,303 7,881 8,157 8,582 8,866 8,923 2,206 9,795 10,508 

Military Construction ............................................................................ 1,095 1,108 1,119 1,407 1,462 2,019 376 1,914 1,932 

Family Housing ................................................................................... 598 688 729 884 1,124 1,192 296 1,358 1,405 

Other .................................................................................................... –376 –409 –1,468 –1,137 –1,101 –563 –338 –357 –694 

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ..................................... 77,497 77,645 75,033 77,864 84,852 87,917 21,807 95,147 102,259 

053 Atomic energy defense activities ..................................................... 1,385 1,373 1,409 1,486 1,506 1,565 435 1,936 2,070 

054 Defense-related activities ................................................................. –10 156 240 –3 151 137 27 158 166 

Total, National defense ........................................................................... 78,872 79,174 76,681 79,347 86,509 89,619 22,269 97,241 104,495 


151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................ 2,296 2,394 1,741 2,430 3,134 2,636 1,119 2,823 2,647 

152 International security assistance ..................................................... 1,367 1,446 1,427 1,824 2,535 2,683 1,470 3,075 3,926 

153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................ 405 452 476 609 659 727 263 982 1,128 

154 Foreign information and exchange activities .................................. 241 274 295 320 348 382 115 386 423 

155 International financial programs ...................................................... –150 215 211 527 421 4 –509 –913 –642 

Total, International affairs ....................................................................... 4,159 4,781 4,149 5,710 7,097 6,433 2,458 6,353 7,482 


251 General science and basic research .............................................. 1,009 979 961 1,017 1,038 1,034 292 1,078 1,160 

252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ............................ 3,172 3,196 3,071 2,963 2,953 3,338 871 3,657 3,766 

Total, General science, space and technology ...................................... 4,182 4,175 4,032 3,980 3,991 4,373 1,162 4,736 4,926 

270 Energy: 

271 Energy supply .................................................................................. 880 1,089 1,007 969 2,446 3,530 913 4,841 6,075 

272 Energy conservation ........................................................................ .................. .................. .................. 3 48 51 38 143 221 

274 Emergency energy preparedness ................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. 33 65 32 123 897 

276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ...................................... 155 207 231 331 389 558 146 664 798 

Total, Energy ........................................................................................... 1,035 1,296 1,237 1,303 2,916 4,204 1,129 5,770 7,992 


301 Water resources ............................................................................... 1,768 1,948 2,221 2,200 2,608 2,742 805 3,213 3,431 

302 Conservation and land management .............................................. 488 445 320 148 655 615 160 589 1,029 

303 Recreational resources .................................................................... 462 516 547 645 803 868 240 985 1,408 

304 Pollution control and abatement ...................................................... 702 764 1,122 2,035 2,523 3,067 1,091 4,279 3,965 

306 Other natural resources ................................................................... 495 567 565 668 757 891 228 966 1,151 

Total, Natural resources and environment ............................................. 3,915 4,241 4,775 5,697 7,346 8,184 2,524 10,032 10,983 


351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................ 3,651 4,553 4,099 1,458 2,160 2,249 743 5,735 10,228 

352 Agricultural research and services .................................................. 639 706 755 772 876 921 240 1,052 1,129 

Total, Agriculture ..................................................................................... 4,290 5,259 4,854 2,230 3,036 3,170 983 6,787 11,357 


371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................ 74 550 –399 2,119 5,463 4,336 562 2,609 4,553 

372 Postal Service .................................................................................. 2,183 1,772 1,567 2,471 2,989 2,805 212 2,094 1,282 

373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................ –383 –597 –805 –611 511 –573 –63 –2,788 –988 

376 Other advancement of commerce ................................................... 492 497 568 726 984 1,051 221 1,178 1,406 

Total, Commerce and housing credit ..................................................... 2,366 2,222 931 4,705 9,947 7,619 931 3,093 6,254 





Function and Subfunction 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 



Military Personnel ................................................................................................... 37,345 40,897 47,941 55,170 60,886 64,158 67,842 71,511 

Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................... 36,440 44,788 51,885 59,695 64,932 67,388 72,371 75,288 

Procurement ........................................................................................................... 25,404 29,021 35,191 43,271 53,624 61,879 70,381 76,517 

Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation ..................................................... 11,152 13,127 15,278 17,729 20,554 23,117 27,103 32,283 

Military Construction ............................................................................................... 2,080 2,450 2,458 2,922 3,524 3,706 4,260 5,067 

Family Housing ....................................................................................................... 1,468 1,680 1,721 1,993 2,126 2,413 2,642 2,819 

Other ....................................................................................................................... –284 –1,050 –605 –65 –1,236 –1,732 553 1,995 

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ........................................................ 113,605 130,912 153,868 180,714 204,410 220,928 245,154 265,480 

053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................ 2,541 2,878 3,398 4,309 5,171 6,120 7,098 7,445 

054 Defense-related activities .................................................................................... 196 206 246 286 322 365 495 450 

Total, National defense ............................................................................................... 116,342 133,995 157,513 185,309 209,903 227,413 252,748 273,375 


151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................................... 2,910 3,626 4,131 3,772 3,955 4,478 5,409 4,968 

152 International security assistance ......................................................................... 3,655 4,763 5,095 5,416 6,613 7,924 9,391 10,499 

153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................................... 1,310 1,366 1,343 1,625 1,761 1,872 2,043 2,270 

154 Foreign information and exchange activities ...................................................... 465 534 528 575 607 691 805 917 

155 International financial programs .......................................................................... –881 2,425 2,007 911 –1,089 910 –1,471 –4,501 

Total, International affairs ........................................................................................... 7,459 12,714 13,104 12,300 11,848 15,876 16,176 14,152 


251 General science and basic research .................................................................. 1,298 1,381 1,477 1,607 1,644 1,849 2,019 2,221 

252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ............................................... 3,937 4,451 4,992 5,593 6,290 6,469 6,607 6,756 

Total, General science, space and technology ......................................................... 5,235 5,832 6,469 7,200 7,935 8,317 8,627 8,976 

270 Energy: 

271 Energy supply ...................................................................................................... 7,165 8,367 10,202 8,263 6,143 3,255 2,615 2,839 

272 Energy conservation ............................................................................................ 252 569 730 516 477 527 491 515 

274 Emergency energy preparedness ....................................................................... 1,021 342 3,280 3,877 1,855 2,518 1,838 597 

276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ......................................................... 742 878 955 871 878 787 740 785 

Total, Energy ............................................................................................................... 9,180 10,156 15,166 13,527 9,353 7,086 5,685 4,735 


301 Water resources .................................................................................................. 3,853 4,223 4,132 3,948 3,904 4,070 4,122 4,041 

302 Conservation and land management .................................................................. 821 1,043 1,191 1,084 1,503 1,302 1,481 1,388 

303 Recreational resources ........................................................................................ 1,487 1,677 1,597 1,435 1,454 1,581 1,621 1,513 

304 Pollution control and abatement ......................................................................... 4,707 5,510 5,170 5,012 4,263 4,044 4,465 4,831 

306 Other natural resources ...................................................................................... 1,266 1,405 1,478 1,519 1,548 1,595 1,668 1,866 

Total, Natural resources and environment ................................................................ 12,135 13,858 13,568 12,998 12,672 12,593 13,357 13,639 


351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................................... 9,895 7,441 9,783 14,344 21,323 11,877 23,751 29,608 

352 Agricultural research and services ..................................................................... 1,340 1,398 1,540 1,599 1,578 1,736 1,813 1,841 

Total, Agriculture ......................................................................................................... 11,236 8,839 11,323 15,944 22,901 13,613 25,565 31,449 


371 Mortgage credit .................................................................................................... 3,991 5,887 6,063 6,056 5,135 4,382 3,054 934 

372 Postal Service ...................................................................................................... 896 1,246 1,432 154 1,111 1,239 1,351 758 

373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................ –1,745 –285 –1,371 –2,056 –1,253 –616 –2,198 1,394 

376 Other advancement of commerce ...................................................................... 1,545 2,542 2,083 2,101 1,688 1,955 2,130 1,973 

Total, Commerce and housing credit ......................................................................... 4,686 9,390 8,206 6,256 6,681 6,959 4,337 5,059 



53 








Procurement ........................................................................................................... 80,744 77,166 81,620 80,972 82,028 74,881 69,936 61,769 




Other ....................................................................................................................... 2,640 210 50 –1,218 –46,229 –3,313 –6,428 2,729 



054 Defense-related activities .................................................................................... 582 512 560 587 899 839 1,508 1,128 






154 Foreign information and exchange activities ...................................................... 1,000 1,051 1,106 1,103 1,253 1,280 1,352 1,398 

155 International financial programs .......................................................................... –2,985 –2,513 –722 –4,539 –3,648 –2,689 –1,896 –2,564 






270 Energy: 

271 Energy supply ...................................................................................................... 2,318 746 1,230 1,976 1,945 3,226 3,286 3,899 


274 Emergency energy preparedness ....................................................................... 788 568 621 442 –235 319 336 275 


Total, Energy ............................................................................................................... 4,115 2,297 2,706 3,341 2,436 4,500 4,319 5,219 



302 Conservation and land management .................................................................. 1,473 2,189 3,324 3,553 4,047 4,581 4,777 5,161 










371 Mortgage credit .................................................................................................... –67 4,992 4,978 3,845 5,362 4,320 1,554 –501 

372 Postal Service ...................................................................................................... 1,593 2,229 127 2,116 1,828 1,169 1,602 1,233 

(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (1,593) (2,229) (436) (490) (511) (511) (161) (130) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. .................. .................. (–310) (1,626) (1,317) (659) (1,441) (1,103) 

373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................ 3,106 10,020 21,996 57,891 66,232 2,518 –27,957 –7,570 


Total, Commerce and housing credit ......................................................................... 6,435 19,164 29,710 67,600 76,271 10,919 –21,853 –4,228 

(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (6,435) (19,164) (30,019) (65,974) (74,953) (10,260) (–23,294) (–5,331) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. .................. .................. (–310) (1,626) (1,317) (659) (1,441) (1,103) 





Function and Subfunction 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 





Procurement ........................................................................................................... 54,982 48,913 45,575 43,142 44,647 47,616 51,641 55,399 




Other ....................................................................................................................... –2,415 1,841 –453 –1,741 –1,063 –237 –186 –2,027 



054 Defense-related activities .................................................................................... 847 922 965 994 1,050 1,072 1,083 1,073 






154 Foreign information and exchange activities ...................................................... 1,417 1,187 1,165 1,138 1,087 1,076 1,072 1,071 

155 International financial programs .......................................................................... –2,026 –2,177 –1,981 –1,879 –1,621 –1,562 –1,462 –1,390 






270 Energy: 

271 Energy supply ...................................................................................................... 3,584 1,646 1,220 1,277 242 993 613 –262 


274 Emergency energy preparedness ....................................................................... 223 141 31 226 201 177 147 –1,014 


Total, Energy ............................................................................................................... 4,936 2,836 2,053 2,279 1,299 2,045 1,633 –403 



302 Conservation and land management .................................................................. 5,318 5,396 5,920 5,592 5,303 5,428 5,515 5,467 










371 Mortgage credit .................................................................................................... –1,038 –4,753 –3,220 –1,617 –1,607 –1,933 –3,991 –4,326 

372 Postal Service ...................................................................................................... –1,839 –504 2,097 4,180 937 –84 –1,672 –1,255 

(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (130) (122) (121) (86) (85) (87) (88) (88) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–1,969) (–626) (1,976) (4,094) (852) (–171) (–1,760) (–1,343) 

373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................ –17,827 –8,394 –12,056 –4,000 –1,998 –1,139 –1,554 –1,451 


Total, Commerce and housing credit ......................................................................... –17,808 –10,646 –8,808 3,359 6,323 12,600 7,307 8,055 

(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–15,839) (–10,020) (–10,784) (–735) (5,471) (12,771) (9,067) (9,398) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–1,969) (–626) (1,976) (4,094) (852) (–171) (–1,760) (–1,343) 



55 




400 Transportation: 

401 Ground transportation ...................................................................... 2,855 3,090 3,715 4,105 4,072 4,139 4,378 4,443 4,678 

402 Air transportation .............................................................................. 818 851 882 941 961 1,042 1,084 1,206 1,408 

403 Water transportation ........................................................................ 617 655 646 717 695 749 841 857 895 

407 Other transportation ......................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. 3 6 13 21 26 

Total, Transportation ............................................................................... 4,290 4,596 5,242 5,763 5,730 5,936 6,316 6,526 7,008 

450 Community and regional development: 

451 Community development ................................................................. 266 233 316 413 423 580 649 833 1,449 

452 Area and regional development ...................................................... 179 307 592 648 448 450 613 679 685 

453 Disaster relief and insurance ........................................................... 23 34 25 53 234 78 120 40 257 

Total, Community and regional development ......................................... 469 574 933 1,114 1,105 1,108 1,382 1,552 2,392 

500 Education, training, employment, and social services: 

501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ......................... 482 553 579 719 1,627 2,310 2,516 2,470 2,893 

502 Higher education .............................................................................. 328 426 382 413 706 1,161 1,394 1,234 1,387 

503 Research and general education aids ............................................ 58 55 62 92 122 156 240 210 355 

504 Training and employment ................................................................ 189 203 291 528 983 1,233 1,582 1,560 1,602 

505 Other labor services ........................................................................ 74 84 72 97 101 107 112 122 135 

506 Social services ................................................................................. 110 137 169 291 823 1,486 1,791 1,952 2,263 

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services ................ 1,241 1,458 1,555 2,140 4,363 6,453 7,634 7,548 8,634 

550 Health: 

551 Health care services ........................................................................ 528 623 740 881 1,486 2,004 2,694 3,360 3,993 

552 Health research and training ........................................................... 580 722 925 780 918 1,184 1,517 1,599 1,688 

554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .............................. 89 106 123 130 138 163 179 203 226 

Total, Health ............................................................................................ 1,198 1,451 1,788 1,791 2,543 3,351 4,390 5,162 5,907 

570 Medicare: 

571 Medicare ........................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. 64 2,748 4,649 5,695 6,213 

600 Income security: 

601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) 

................................................................................................... 661 632 682 668 736 731 944 1,035 1,032 

602 Federal employee retirement and disability .................................... 1,959 2,240 2,554 2,865 3,326 3,802 4,285 4,782 5,545 

603 Unemployment compensation .......................................................... 3,809 3,344 3,178 2,577 2,215 2,263 2,527 2,577 3,359 

604 Housing assistance .......................................................................... 165 179 150 231 238 271 312 383 499 

605 Food and nutrition assistance ......................................................... 275 284 308 299 363 418 505 587 960 

609 Other income security ...................................................................... 2,338 2,633 2,785 2,828 2,799 2,776 3,243 3,712 4,260 

Total, Income security ............................................................................. 9,207 9,311 9,657 9,469 9,678 10,261 11,816 13,076 15,655 

650 Social security: 

651 Social security .................................................................................. 14,365 15,788 16,620 17,460 20,694 21,725 23,854 27,298 30,270 

(On-budget) ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. (94) (94) (414) (458) 

(Off-budget) ......................................................................................... (14,365) (15,788) (16,620) (17,460) (20,694) (21,631) (23,760) (26,885) (29,812) 

700 Veterans benefits and services: 

701 Income security for veterans ........................................................... 3,968 4,206 4,146 4,215 4,184 4,546 4,664 5,036 5,546 

702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ............................... 159 101 77 58 54 305 478 701 1,015 

703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................... 1,084 1,145 1,229 1,270 1,318 1,391 1,469 1,564 1,800 

704 Veterans housing ............................................................................. 236 –109 44 * 169 304 210 102 54 

705 Other veterans benefits and services ............................................. 172 170 179 173 190 189 210 229 253 

Total, Veterans benefits and services .................................................... 5,619 5,514 5,675 5,716 5,916 6,735 7,032 7,631 8,669 








401 Ground transportation ...................................................................... 5,182 5,356 5,641 5,583 7,027 9,602 2,336 10,226 10,431 

402 Air transportation .............................................................................. 1,807 1,907 2,159 2,216 2,387 2,531 578 2,786 3,243 

403 Water transportation ........................................................................ 1,027 1,094 1,211 1,316 1,430 1,542 415 1,741 1,787 

407 Other transportation ......................................................................... 37 36 56 57 74 65 28 76 61 

Total, Transportation ............................................................................... 8,052 8,392 9,066 9,172 10,918 13,739 3,358 14,829 15,521 


451 Community development ................................................................. 1,728 2,100 2,044 2,108 2,318 2,772 896 3,411 3,298 

452 Area and regional development ...................................................... 835 928 981 1,339 1,607 2,149 563 2,961 5,672 

453 Disaster relief and insurance ........................................................... 353 396 1,580 782 398 522 111 649 2,871 

Total, Community and regional development ......................................... 2,917 3,423 4,605 4,229 4,322 5,442 1,569 7,021 11,841 


501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ......................... 3,333 3,686 3,573 3,573 4,349 4,200 1,074 4,638 5,186 

502 Higher education .............................................................................. 1,435 1,448 1,534 1,451 2,182 2,813 744 3,200 3,710 

503 Research and general education aids ............................................ 295 319 429 621 790 783 180 894 1,033 

504 Training and employment ................................................................ 1,952 2,894 3,283 2,910 4,063 6,288 1,912 6,877 10,784 

505 Other labor services ........................................................................ 157 184 202 219 259 301 83 374 410 

506 Social services ................................................................................. 2,677 3,998 3,724 3,683 4,380 4,526 1,176 5,122 5,588 

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services ................ 9,849 12,529 12,745 12,457 16,022 18,910 5,169 21,104 26,710 

550 Health: 

551 Health care services ........................................................................ 4,766 6,205 6,527 7,707 9,519 11,725 2,945 13,031 13,928 

552 Health research and training ........................................................... 1,801 2,085 2,423 2,497 2,779 3,323 811 3,524 3,752 

554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .............................. 277 383 406 529 632 686 168 747 844 

Total, Health ............................................................................................ 6,843 8,674 9,356 10,733 12,930 15,734 3,924 17,302 18,524 

570 Medicare: 

571 Medicare ........................................................................................... 6,622 7,479 8,052 9,639 12,875 15,834 4,264 19,345 22,768 


601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) 

................................................................................................... 1,613 1,812 2,596 2,750 4,689 3,248 1,166 3,558 3,365 

602 Federal employee retirement and disability .................................... 6,585 7,684 8,902 10,783 13,238 15,484 4,269 17,735 19,852 

603 Unemployment compensation .......................................................... 6,166 7,072 5,354 6,065 13,459 19,453 4,004 15,315 11,847 

604 Housing assistance .......................................................................... 764 1,125 1,631 1,825 2,058 2,499 662 2,968 3,677 

605 Food and nutrition assistance ......................................................... 2,179 3,218 3,641 4,433 6,643 7,959 1,824 8,527 8,926 

609 Other income security ...................................................................... 5,640 6,740 6,153 7,856 10,088 12,156 3,060 12,957 13,837 

Total, Income security ............................................................................. 22,946 27,650 28,276 33,713 50,176 60,799 14,985 61,060 61,505 


651 Social security .................................................................................. 35,872 40,157 49,090 55,867 64,658 73,899 19,763 85,061 93,861 

(On-budget) ......................................................................................... (465) (538) (526) (494) (499) (515) .................. (717) (741) 

(Off-budget) ......................................................................................... (35,408) (39,620) (48,565) (55,373) (64,159) (73,384) (19,763) (84,344) (93,120) 


701 Income security for veterans ........................................................... 5,966 6,344 6,533 6,789 7,860 8,350 2,082 9,216 9,745 

702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ............................... 1,659 1,960 2,801 3,249 4,593 5,531 784 3,710 3,365 

703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................... 2,036 2,425 2,711 3,006 3,665 4,046 1,039 4,708 5,254 

704 Veterans housing ............................................................................. –179 –317 –381 –15 24 –72 –50 –145 28 

705 Other veterans benefits and services ............................................. 286 308 338 345 442 564 106 533 569 

Total, Veterans benefits and services .................................................... 9,768 10,720 12,003 13,374 16,584 18,419 3,960 18,022 18,961 



57 





401 Ground transportation .......................................................................................... 12,662 15,274 17,074 14,321 14,265 16,158 17,606 18,725 

402 Air transportation ................................................................................................. 3,355 3,723 3,814 3,526 4,000 4,415 4,895 5,287 

403 Water transportation ............................................................................................ 1,969 2,229 2,381 2,687 2,969 3,010 3,201 3,964 

407 Other transportation ............................................................................................. 93 104 110 90 99 85 137 140 

Total, Transportation ................................................................................................... 18,079 21,329 23,379 20,625 21,334 23,669 25,838 28,117 


451 Community development ..................................................................................... 4,000 4,907 5,070 4,608 4,353 4,520 4,598 4,095 

452 Area and regional development .......................................................................... 4,868 4,303 3,818 3,841 3,208 3,034 3,117 2,723 

453 Disaster relief and insurance .............................................................................. 1,611 2,043 1,680 –102 –1 119 –35 416 

Total, Community and regional development ............................................................ 10,480 11,252 10,568 8,347 7,560 7,673 7,680 7,233 


501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ............................................. 6,123 6,893 7,099 6,722 6,258 6,483 7,598 7,802 

502 Higher education ................................................................................................. 5,030 6,723 8,767 7,116 7,184 7,318 8,156 8,359 

503 Research and general education aids ................................................................ 1,157 1,212 1,170 1,210 1,154 1,331 1,229 1,266 

504 Training and employment ................................................................................... 10,833 10,345 9,241 5,464 5,295 4,644 4,972 5,257 

505 Other labor services ............................................................................................ 488 551 587 589 599 639 678 672 

506 Social services ..................................................................................................... 6,593 6,119 6,844 5,928 6,117 7,165 6,710 7,229 

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services .................................... 30,223 31,843 33,709 27,029 26,606 27,579 29,342 30,585 

550 Health: 

551 Health care services ........................................................................................... 15,988 18,003 21,205 21,786 23,008 24,522 26,984 28,850 

552 Health research and training .............................................................................. 3,607 4,161 4,615 4,618 4,552 4,767 5,376 5,921 

554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ................................................. 899 1,006 1,047 1,041 1,081 1,129 1,182 1,165 

Total, Health ................................................................................................................ 20,494 23,169 26,866 27,445 28,641 30,417 33,542 35,936 

570 Medicare: 

571 Medicare .............................................................................................................. 26,495 32,090 39,149 46,567 52,588 57,540 65,822 70,164 


601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ........... 4,373 5,083 5,439 5,571 5,581 5,441 5,617 5,330 

602 Federal employee retirement and disability ....................................................... 22,676 26,611 31,296 34,345 36,530 38,080 38,621 41,392 

603 Unemployment compensation ............................................................................. 10,813 18,051 19,656 23,728 31,464 18,421 17,475 17,753 

604 Housing assistance ............................................................................................. 4,367 5,632 7,752 8,738 9,998 11,270 25,263 12,383 

605 Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................................. 10,787 14,016 16,205 15,581 17,952 18,055 18,540 18,602 

609 Other income security ......................................................................................... 13,361 17,163 19,394 19,774 21,096 21,427 22,715 24,364 

Total, Income security ................................................................................................ 66,376 86,557 99,742 107,737 122,621 112,694 128,230 119,824 


651 Social security ..................................................................................................... 104,073 118,547 139,584 155,964 170,724 178,223 188,623 198,757 

(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (757) (675) (670) (844) (19,993) (7,056) (5,189) (8,072) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (103,316) (117,872) (138,914) (155,120) (150,731) (171,167) (183,434) (190,684) 


701 Income security for veterans .............................................................................. 10,780 11,688 12,909 13,710 14,250 14,400 14,714 15,031 

702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation .................................................. 2,760 2,342 2,254 1,947 1,625 1,359 1,059 526 

703 Hospital and medical care for veterans ............................................................. 5,611 6,515 6,965 7,517 8,272 8,861 9,547 9,872 

704 Veterans housing ................................................................................................. 154 –23 201 102 3 244 214 114 

705 Other veterans benefits and services ................................................................. 609 648 643 662 673 725 728 784 

Total, Veterans benefits and services ....................................................................... 19,914 21,169 22,973 23,938 24,824 25,588 26,262 26,327 










407 Other transportation ............................................................................................. 91 116 124 146 223 244 281 333 





453 Disaster relief and insurance .............................................................................. –229 –230 –226 2,100 525 881 2,928 4,156 







505 Other labor services ............................................................................................ 675 739 786 810 788 884 948 958 



550 Health: 



554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ................................................. 1,197 1,285 1,356 1,462 1,560 1,757 1,762 1,863 

Total, Health ................................................................................................................ 39,967 44,487 48,390 57,716 71,183 89,497 99,415 107,122 

570 Medicare: 

571 Medicare .............................................................................................................. 75,120 78,878 84,964 98,102 104,489 119,024 130,552 144,747 











(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (4,930) (4,852) (5,069) (3,625) (2,619) (6,166) (6,236) (5,683) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (202,422) (214,489) (227,473) (244,998) (266,395) (281,418) (298,349) (313,881) 



702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation .................................................. 454 454 459 278 427 783 826 1,115 


704 Veterans housing ................................................................................................. 330 1,292 878 517 85 901 1,299 197 

705 Other veterans benefits and services ................................................................. 737 834 808 888 943 992 976 982 




59 




1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 





407 Other transportation ............................................................................................. 301 320 324 203 201 202 202 –338 





453 Disaster relief and insurance .............................................................................. 3,282 3,158 4,173 3,520 3,206 1,737 748 727 







505 Other labor services ............................................................................................ 965 925 1,004 1,053 1,052 1,054 1,054 1,053 



550 Health: 



554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ................................................. 1,918 1,929 2,067 1,899 1,876 1,876 1,875 1,875 

Total, Health ................................................................................................................ 115,418 119,378 127,630 138,241 145,095 151,994 159,605 165,278 

570 Medicare: 

571 Medicare .............................................................................................................. 159,855 174,225 194,256 207,084 219,552 229,321 245,981 263,237 











(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (5,476) (5,807) (6,944) (7,626) (8,112) (8,677) (8,730) (9,932) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (330,370) (343,869) (360,769) (376,712) (393,877) (412,384) (432,493) (453,025) 



702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation .................................................. 1,124 1,114 1,079 1,220 1,250 1,251 1,283 1,305 


704 Veterans housing ................................................................................................. 329 66 –517 70 228 241 249 269 

705 Other veterans benefits and services ................................................................. 1,043 1,018 1,061 1,045 1,056 1,097 1,074 1,042 







750 Administration of justice: 

751 Federal law enforcement activities .................................................. 269 288 306 333 355 389 409 470 570 

752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................ 111 124 131 146 153 165 178 202 245 

753 Federal correctional activities .......................................................... 49 53 53 57 55 58 63 65 79 

754 Criminal justice assistance .............................................................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 1 6 8 29 65 

Total, Administration of justice ................................................................ 429 465 489 535 563 618 659 766 959 

800 General government: 

801 Legislative functions ......................................................................... 178 176 174 189 208 218 237 254 303 

802 Executive direction and management ............................................. 12 13 15 17 17 19 21 25 30 

803 Central fiscal operations .................................................................. 492 542 607 636 671 725 745 790 914 

804 General property and records management ................................... 403 439 532 624 575 646 497 543 551 

805 Central personnel management ...................................................... 22 22 23 23 25 19 37 38 44 

806 General purpose fiscal assistance .................................................. 212 232 241 238 268 305 339 430 535 

808 Other general government ............................................................... 28 63 150 39 79 101 126 40 121 

809 Deductions for offsetting receipts .................................................... –299 –257 –224 –266 –241 –314 –245 –181 –177 

Total, General government ..................................................................... 1,049 1,230 1,518 1,499 1,603 1,719 1,757 1,939 2,320 

900 Net interest: 

901 Interest on the public debt .............................................................. 9,120 9,895 10,666 11,346 12,014 13,391 14,573 16,588 19,304 

902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ..................................... –824 –895 –1,006 –1,121 –1,259 –1,492 –1,689 –1,953 –2,367 

903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ..................................... –609 –582 –607 –648 –642 –792 –979 –1,149 –1,568 

908 Other interest ................................................................................... –797 –678 –855 –986 –727 –839 –816 –788 –989 

Total, Net interest .................................................................................... 6,889 7,740 8,199 8,591 9,386 10,268 11,090 12,699 14,380 

(On-budget) ......................................................................................... (7,498) (8,322) (8,805) (9,239) (10,028) (11,060) (12,069) (13,848) (15,948) 

(Off-budget) ......................................................................................... (–609) (–582) (–607) (–648) (–642) (–792) (–979) (–1,149) (–1,568) 

950 Undistributed offsetting receipts: 

951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ........................ –5,042 –5,188 –5,413 –5,572 –5,957 –6,242 –6,639 –7,026 –7,808 

952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ........................ –221 –242 –279 –282 –337 –415 –445 –532 –637 

953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ...................... –12 –367 –16 –53 –248 –637 –961 –428 –187 

Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................... –5,274 –5,797 –5,708 –5,908 –6,542 –7,294 –8,045 –7,986 –8,632 

(On-budget) ......................................................................................... (–5,053) (–5,555) (–5,429) (–5,626) (–6,205) (–6,879) (–7,600) (–7,454) (–7,995) 

(Off-budget) ......................................................................................... (–221) (–242) (–279) (–282) (–337) (–415) (–445) (–532) (–637) 

Total outlays ............................................................................................... 106,821 111,316 118,528 118,228 134,532 157,464 178,134 183,640 195,649 

(On-budget) ......................................................................................... (93,286) (96,352) (102,794) (101,699) (114,817) (137,040) (155,798) (158,436) (168,042) 

(Off-budget) ......................................................................................... (13,535) (14,964) (15,734) (16,529) (19,715) (20,424) (22,336) (25,204) (27,607) 



61 





751 Federal law enforcement activities .................................................. 693 812 987 1,094 1,352 1,502 408 1,676 1,834 

752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................ 287 347 390 426 550 697 213 842 943 

753 Federal correctional activities .......................................................... 94 115 140 179 200 208 57 240 307 

754 Criminal justice assistance .............................................................. 233 380 624 770 853 921 213 847 729 

Total, Administration of justice ................................................................ 1,306 1,653 2,141 2,470 2,955 3,328 891 3,605 3,813 


801 Legislative functions ......................................................................... 342 404 438 521 593 678 183 849 909 

802 Executive direction and management ............................................. 38 59 71 117 63 68 16 76 73 

803 Central fiscal operations .................................................................. 991 1,155 1,182 1,299 1,888 1,507 364 1,872 1,999 

804 General property and records management ................................... 573 680 818 968 429 84 57 175 304 

805 Central personnel management ...................................................... 51 57 66 74 88 107 25 100 129 

806 General purpose fiscal assistance .................................................. 535 672 7,350 6,888 7,184 7,232 3,173 9,569 8,442 

808 Other general government ............................................................... 126 173 157 363 424 393 227 448 448 

809 Deductions for offsetting receipts .................................................... –214 –241 –309 –198 –261 –322 –150 –256 –289 

Total, General government ..................................................................... 2,442 2,960 9,774 10,032 10,408 9,747 3,895 12,833 12,015 


901 Interest on the public debt .............................................................. 20,959 21,849 24,167 29,319 32,665 37,076 8,104 41,915 48,712 

902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ..................................... –2,820 –2,983 –3,156 –4,064 –4,861 –4,988 –177 –5,488 –6,128 

903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ..................................... –1,942 –2,106 –2,280 –2,520 –2,803 –2,812 –93 –2,650 –2,403 

908 Other interest ................................................................................... –1,356 –1,282 –1,382 –1,286 –1,756 –2,549 –885 –3,875 –4,724 

Total, Net interest .................................................................................... 14,841 15,478 17,349 21,449 23,244 26,727 6,949 29,901 35,458 

(On-budget) ......................................................................................... (16,783) (17,584) (19,629) (23,969) (26,047) (29,539) (7,042) (32,551) (37,861) 

(Off-budget) ......................................................................................... (–1,942) (–2,106) (–2,280) (–2,520) (–2,803) (–2,812) (–93) (–2,650) (–2,403) 


951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ........................ –8,417 –8,646 –8,759 –9,236 –10,258 –10,761 –2,646 –11,528 –12,401 

952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ........................ –640 –657 –695 –764 –916 –963 –249 –977 –1,060 

953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ...................... –1,051 –279 –3,956 –6,748 –2,428 –2,662 –1,311 –2,374 –2,259 

Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................... –10,107 –9,583 –13,409 –16,749 –13,602 –14,386 –4,206 –14,879 –15,720 

(On-budget) ......................................................................................... (–9,467) (–8,926) (–12,714) (–15,985) (–12,686) (–13,423) (–3,957) (–13,902) (–14,660) 

(Off-budget) ......................................................................................... (–640) (–657) (–695) (–764) (–916) (–963) (–249) (–977) (–1,060) 

Total outlays ............................................................................................... 210,172 230,681 245,707 269,359 332,332 371,792 95,975 409,218 458,746 

(On-budget) ......................................................................................... (177,346) (193,824) (200,118) (217,270) (271,892) (302,183) (76,555) (328,502) (369,089) 

(Off-budget) ......................................................................................... (32,826) (36,857) (45,589) (52,089) (60,440) (69,609) (19,421) (80,716) (89,657) 







751 Federal law enforcement activities ..................................................................... 1,996 2,239 2,443 2,537 2,892 3,209 3,520 3,601 

752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................................... 1,130 1,347 1,491 1,517 1,627 1,825 2,064 2,176 

753 Federal correctional activities ............................................................................. 337 342 361 364 418 494 537 614 

754 Criminal justice assistance .................................................................................. 710 656 473 294 167 136 150 181 

Total, Administration of justice ................................................................................... 4,173 4,584 4,769 4,712 5,105 5,663 6,270 6,572 


801 Legislative functions ............................................................................................ 921 1,038 1,041 1,181 1,196 1,319 1,355 1,383 

802 Executive direction and management ................................................................ 81 97 100 96 96 97 113 109 

803 Central fiscal operations ..................................................................................... 2,170 2,612 2,610 2,585 3,048 3,250 3,492 3,636 

804 General property and records management ...................................................... 299 327 144 238 196 201 96 475 

805 Central personnel management .......................................................................... 127 154 159 136 115 139 164 126 

806 General purpose fiscal assistance ...................................................................... 8,369 8,582 6,854 6,390 6,452 6,768 6,353 6,431 

808 Other general government .................................................................................. 523 569 745 504 768 557 521 482 

809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................................... –198 –351 –222 –216 –636 –513 –506 –78 

Total, General government ......................................................................................... 12,293 13,028 11,429 10,914 11,235 11,817 11,588 12,564 


901 Interest on the public debt .................................................................................. 59,858 74,808 95,543 117,239 128,673 153,887 178,898 190,303 

902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ........................................................ –7,727 –9,707 –11,523 –13,995 –15,257 –17,044 –21,838 –26,628 

903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ........................................................ –2,224 –2,339 –2,288 –2,071 –1,845 –3,310 –4,118 –4,329 

908 Other interest ....................................................................................................... –7,271 –10,224 –12,958 –16,129 –21,743 –22,410 –23,438 –23,298 

Total, Net interest ....................................................................................................... 42,636 52,538 68,774 85,044 89,828 111,123 129,504 136,047 

(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (44,860) (54,877) (71,062) (87,114) (91,673) (114,432) (133,622) (140,377) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–2,224) (–2,339) (–2,288) (–2,071) (–1,845) (–3,310) (–4,118) (–4,329) 


951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................ –13,095 –14,638 –16,473 –18,203 –21,706 –23,219 –24,648 –25,434 

952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................ –1,114 –1,204 –1,430 –1,646 –1,778 –2,044 –2,509 –2,857 

953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf .......................................... –3,267 –4,101 –10,138 –6,250 –10,491 –6,694 –5,542 –4,716 

Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................... –17,476 –19,942 –28,041 –26,099 –33,976 –31,957 –32,698 –33,007 

(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–16,362) (–18,738) (–26,611) (–24,453) (–32,198) (–29,913) (–30,189) (–30,150) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–1,114) (–1,204) (–1,430) (–1,646) (–1,778) (–2,044) (–2,509) (–2,857) 

Total outlays .................................................................................................................. 504,032 590,947 678,249 745,755 808,380 851,888 946,499 990,505 

(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (404,054) (476,618) (543,053) (594,351) (661,272) (686,074) (769,692) (807,007) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (99,978) (114,329) (135,196) (151,404) (147,108) (165,813) (176,807) (183,498) 



63 







753 Federal correctional activities ............................................................................. 711 930 1,044 1,291 1,600 2,114 2,124 2,315 

754 Criminal justice assistance .................................................................................. 250 352 455 477 663 795 822 847 



801 Legislative functions ............................................................................................ 1,444 1,599 1,652 1,763 1,916 2,124 2,124 2,042 



804 General property and records management ...................................................... 146 –182 –396 31 657 692 1,005 590 



808 Other general government .................................................................................. 810 1,894 809 792 1,277 1,775 1,321 987 

809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................................... –623 –694 –893 –361 –718 –480 –739 –2,087 








(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (143,942) (159,253) (180,661) (200,212) (214,763) (223,059) (225,599) (232,160) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–5,290) (–7,416) (–11,395) (–15,991) (–20,222) (–23,637) (–26,788) (–29,203) 





954 Sale of major assets ........................................................................................... –1,875 .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 


(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–33,155) (–32,585) (–32,354) (–31,048) (–33,553) (–33,179) (–30,970) (–31,362) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–3,300) (–4,382) (–4,858) (–5,567) (–5,804) (–6,101) (–6,416) (–6,409) 

Total outlays .................................................................................................................. 1,004,164 1,064,489 1,143,671 1,253,163 1,324,400 1,381,681 1,409,414 1,461,731 

(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (810,332) (861,798) (932,760) (1,028,098) (1,082,713) (1,129,343) (1,142,827) (1,182,359) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (193,832) (202,691) (210,911) (225,065) (241,687) (252,339) (266,587) (279,372) 






1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 




753 Federal correctional activities ............................................................................. 2,749 3,013 3,104 3,287 3,701 3,651 3,589 3,628 

754 Criminal justice assistance .................................................................................. 967 1,446 2,486 4,619 5,808 6,129 5,588 5,003 



801 Legislative functions ............................................................................................ 1,995 1,965 2,032 2,157 2,177 2,194 2,207 2,217 



804 General property and records management ...................................................... 920 820 1,094 645 526 411 328 326 



808 Other general government .................................................................................. 1,622 1,006 1,082 945 988 1,151 909 874 

809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................................... –1,077 –1,694 –1,184 –1,184 –1,184 –1,184 –1,184 –1,184 








(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (265,474) (277,597) (288,620) (295,058) (301,071) (301,384) (302,235) (300,316) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–33,305) (–36,507) (–41,238) (–45,199) (–49,228) (–53,181) (–57,272) (–61,554) 





954 Sale of major assets ........................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. –4,300 .................. .................. .................. .................. 

959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................ –7,644 –342 –7,961 –11,459 –3,104 –4,064 –6,432 –22,100 


(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–38,023) (–31,342) (–39,982) (–48,562) (–35,898) (–37,642) (–41,109) (–58,169) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (–6,432) (–6,278) (–6,505) (–7,028) (–7,633) (–8,356) (–8,942) (–9,781) 

Total outlays .................................................................................................................. 1,515,729 1,560,330 1,631,016 1,687,475 1,760,700 1,814,427 1,844,488 1,879,717 

(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (1,227,065) (1,259,872) (1,316,014) (1,358,896) (1,422,832) (1,463,751) (1,479,969) (1,499,370) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (288,664) (300,458) (315,002) (328,579) (337,868) (350,676) (364,519) (380,347) 



65 

Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002 


Department or other unit 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 

Legislative Branch ..................................................................... 196 192 199 212 234 252 269 289 353 

The Judiciary ............................................................................. 57 62 66 75 80 88 94 110 133 

Executive Office of the President ............................................. 11 12 14 15 16 19 20 23 28 

Funds Appropriated to the President ........................................ 3,178 3,235 3,578 3,572 3,355 3,396 2,819 2,806 2,656 

Agriculture .................................................................................. 6,437 7,414 7,569 6,940 5,633 5,952 7,430 8,446 8,412 

Commerce .................................................................................. 215 292 370 414 396 456 577 605 777 

Defense—Military ....................................................................... 50,111 51,147 52,585 48,780 56,629 70,069 80,355 80,771 80,123 

Defense—Civil ............................................................................ 1,863 2,106 2,336 2,591 2,870 3,150 3,398 3,713 4,064 

Education ................................................................................... 816 985 973 1,152 2,416 3,596 4,072 3,990 4,594 

Energy ........................................................................................ 2,755 2,700 2,726 2,579 2,343 2,253 2,474 2,393 2,393 

Health and Human Services ..................................................... 3,529 4,110 4,610 4,700 5,715 9,639 13,074 15,411 17,397 

Housing and Urban Development ............................................. 826 –609 73 492 2,482 3,093 3,727 713 2,432 

Interior ........................................................................................ 600 727 736 744 861 863 973 1,073 1,087 

Justice ........................................................................................ 299 322 342 399 380 416 441 513 641 

Labor .......................................................................................... 3,914 3,523 3,454 3,121 3,239 3,562 4,180 4,161 4,966 

State ........................................................................................... 259 369 241 321 392 401 382 385 414 

Transportation ............................................................................ 4,138 4,441 5,086 5,587 5,550 5,738 6,100 6,272 6,724 

Treasury ..................................................................................... 8,560 9,645 10,391 10,901 11,880 12,871 14,437 16,641 19,276 

Veterans Affairs ......................................................................... 5,608 5,501 5,662 5,710 5,962 6,691 7,018 7,670 8,652 

Environmental Protection Agency ............................................. 70 87 117 134 158 190 249 303 384 

General Services Administration ............................................... 382 425 520 612 561 629 482 526 530 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration ...................... 1,257 2,552 4,171 5,092 5,933 5,425 4,722 4,251 3,752 

Office of Personnel Management ............................................. 1,017 1,175 1,304 1,454 1,726 1,934 2,154 2,284 2,652 

Small Business Administration .................................................. 230 142 133 243 210 151 284 110 253 

Social Security Administration (On-budget) .............................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 94 94 414 469 

Social Security Administration (Off-budget) .............................. 14,365 15,788 16,620 17,460 20,694 21,631 23,760 26,885 29,812 

Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ................................ 2,835 2,248 1,972 2,605 3,260 4,483 5,260 3,970 5,242 

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................ –6,707 –7,274 –7,321 –7,677 –8,443 –9,578 –10,712 –11,087 –12,567 

(On-budget) ............................................................................ (–5,878) (–6,450) (–6,435) (–6,746) (–7,464) (–8,371) (–9,289) (–9,407) (–10,362) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................ (–830) (–824) (–886) (–931) (–979) (–1,207) (–1,424) (–1,681) (–2,205) 

Total outlays ................................................................. 106,821 111,316 118,528 118,228 134,532 157,464 178,134 183,640 195,649


Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002—Continued 


Department or other unit 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 

Legislative Branch ..................................................................... 395 499 553 638 739 788 226 990 1,064 

The Judiciary ............................................................................. 145 173 188 207 284 325 85 393 437 

Executive Office of the President ............................................. 37 46 49 66 93 79 16 73 75 

Funds Appropriated to the President ........................................ 2,889 2,982 2,317 3,029 3,665 3,742 1,317 3,344 5,285 

Agriculture .................................................................................. 8,673 11,053 10,200 10,338 15,556 17,743 5,020 23,341 30,235 

Commerce .................................................................................. 782 850 934 992 1,077 1,484 396 2,010 4,720 

Defense—Military ....................................................................... 77,497 77,645 75,033 77,864 84,852 87,917 21,807 95,147 102,259 

Defense—Civil ............................................................................ 4,763 5,415 6,099 6,816 8,296 9,427 2,534 10,506 11,754 

Education ................................................................................... 5,099 5,537 5,709 5,747 7,331 7,897 2,035 8,717 9,828 

Energy ........................................................................................ 2,200 2,299 2,304 2,233 3,230 3,841 1,060 5,329 6,251 

Health and Human Services ..................................................... 20,391 25,309 25,578 28,062 33,751 40,261 10,530 46,493 51,752 

Housing and Urban Development ............................................. 2,796 3,600 3,580 4,781 7,512 7,026 1,361 5,808 7,650 

Interior ........................................................................................ 1,345 1,609 1,780 1,854 2,221 2,433 855 3,213 3,874 

Justice ........................................................................................ 919 1,182 1,534 1,805 2,077 2,247 582 2,356 2,405 

Labor .......................................................................................... 8,137 10,008 8,610 8,964 17,610 25,526 5,869 22,269 22,712 

State ........................................................................................... 429 495 542 678 768 1,062 311 1,113 1,293 

Transportation ............................................................................ 7,656 7,932 8,616 8,574 10,073 12,723 3,189 13,137 14,075 

Treasury ..................................................................................... 20,716 21,861 30,627 35,842 42,501 44,155 10,459 48,910 54,916 

Veterans Affairs ......................................................................... 9,758 10,713 11,970 13,339 16,577 18,416 3,959 18,020 18,965 

Environmental Protection Agency ............................................. 701 763 1,114 2,030 2,531 3,118 1,108 4,365 4,072 

General Services Administration ............................................... 546 655 795 929 376 25 42 109 256 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration ...................... 3,382 3,423 3,312 3,255 3,269 3,671 953 4,002 4,164 

Office of Personnel Management ............................................. 3,167 3,776 4,607 5,708 7,062 8,323 2,354 9,633 10,962 

Small Business Administration .................................................. 333 452 1,317 753 666 624 94 758 2,820 

Social Security Administration (On-budget) .............................. 784 955 1,518 3,750 6,246 6,574 1,531 6,970 7,578 

Social Security Administration (Off-budget) .............................. 35,408 39,620 48,565 55,373 64,159 73,384 19,763 84,344 93,120 

Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ................................ 6,092 6,502 7,104 9,061 11,076 11,168 2,996 10,883 10,477 

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................ –14,869 –14,672 –18,846 –23,333 –21,267 –22,186 –4,477 –23,018 –24,250 

(On-budget) ............................................................................ (–12,288) (–11,909) (–15,870) (–20,048) (–17,547) (–18,411) (–4,135) (–19,390) (–20,788) 

(Off-budget) ............................................................................ (–2,582) (–2,763) (–2,975) (–3,284) (–3,719) (–3,775) (–342) (–3,627) (–3,463) 

Total outlays ................................................................. 210,172 230,681 245,707 269,359 332,332 371,792 95,975 409,218 458,746


67 



Department or other unit 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 

Legislative Branch ........................................................................................... 1,099 1,224 1,214 1,367 1,437 1,579 1,610 1,665 

The Judiciary ................................................................................................... 481 567 641 710 787 866 966 1,071 

Executive Office of the President ................................................................... 80 96 96 95 94 95 111 107 

Funds Appropriated to the President ............................................................. 3,300 8,542 8,219 7,940 7,878 10,837 11,858 11,042 

Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 31,758 34,785 41,624 45,700 52,404 42,015 55,523 58,679 

Commerce ....................................................................................................... 3,538 3,129 2,296 2,054 1,925 1,894 2,140 2,083 

Defense—Military ............................................................................................ 113,605 130,912 153,868 180,714 204,410 220,928 245,154 265,480 

Defense—Civil ................................................................................................. 13,198 15,161 16,892 17,927 18,891 19,540 18,770 20,254 

Education ......................................................................................................... 12,167 14,612 16,973 14,707 14,433 15,424 16,596 17,577 

Energy ............................................................................................................. 7,899 6,467 11,665 11,639 10,590 10,991 10,587 11,026 

Health and Human Services ........................................................................... 57,820 68,255 80,821 88,408 95,008 102,375 114,271 122,943 

Housing and Urban Development .................................................................. 9,220 12,735 14,880 15,232 15,814 16,663 28,720 14,139 

Interior .............................................................................................................. 4,168 4,472 4,456 3,944 4,547 4,943 4,820 4,785 

Justice .............................................................................................................. 2,538 2,641 2,695 2,617 2,849 3,184 3,586 3,768 

Labor ................................................................................................................ 22,459 29,510 29,821 30,387 37,604 24,292 23,699 23,941 

State ................................................................................................................ 1,604 1,940 1,902 2,186 2,273 2,404 2,645 2,865 

Transportation .................................................................................................. 16,079 19,802 22,775 20,007 20,643 23,030 25,020 27,378 

Treasury ........................................................................................................... 64,779 76,568 92,622 110,370 116,421 141,074 164,967 179,390 

Veterans Affairs ............................................................................................... 19,891 21,137 22,907 23,941 24,827 25,593 26,333 26,536 

Environmental Protection Agency ................................................................... 4,800 5,603 5,242 5,081 4,312 4,076 4,490 4,867 

General Services Administration .................................................................... 256 273 100 191 126 131 8 360 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration ............................................ 4,380 4,959 5,537 6,155 6,853 7,055 7,251 7,403 

Office of Personnel Management ................................................................... 12,663 15,056 18,096 19,983 21,278 22,590 23,727 23,955 

Small Business Administration ....................................................................... 1,699 2,026 2,032 773 661 510 680 557 

Social Security Administration (On-budget) ................................................... 7,217 8,118 8,952 9,612 30,932 18,708 17,833 20,310 

Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ................................................... 103,316 117,872 138,914 155,120 150,731 171,167 183,434 190,684 

Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ..................................................... 11,445 16,472 14,861 11,060 11,727 12,254 10,357 12,677 

Undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................................... –27,428 –31,988 –41,852 –42,165 –51,078 –52,329 –58,656 –65,036 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................. (–24,089) (–28,445) (–38,134) (–38,448) (–47,455) (–46,975) (–52,029) (–57,850) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................. (–3,338) (–3,543) (–3,718) (–3,717) (–3,623) (–5,354) (–6,627) (–7,186) 

Total outlays ....................................................................................... 504,032 590,947 678,249 745,755 808,380 851,888 946,499 990,505






The Judiciary ................................................................................................... 1,180 1,342 1,499 1,646 1,997 2,308 2,628 2,677 



Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 49,600 44,003 48,316 46,012 54,119 56,437 63,144 60,753 

Commerce ....................................................................................................... 2,127 2,279 2,571 3,734 2,585 2,567 2,798 2,915 


Defense—Civil ................................................................................................. 20,684 22,029 23,450 24,975 26,543 28,270 29,266 30,407 

Education ......................................................................................................... 16,670 18,145 21,468 22,972 25,196 25,832 30,109 24,557 

Energy ............................................................................................................. 10,693 11,166 11,387 12,084 12,479 15,523 16,942 17,839 



Interior .............................................................................................................. 5,046 5,143 5,207 5,790 6,088 6,539 6,784 6,900 

Justice .............................................................................................................. 4,333 5,426 6,232 6,507 8,244 9,802 10,170 10,005 

Labor ................................................................................................................ 23,253 21,743 22,549 25,215 33,954 47,078 44,651 37,047 

State ................................................................................................................ 2,788 3,421 3,722 3,979 4,252 5,007 5,384 5,718 


Treasury ........................................................................................................... 180,274 202,403 230,576 255,172 276,339 292,987 298,804 307,577 



General Services Administration .................................................................... 63 –281 –437 –93 527 529 825 448 



Small Business Administration ....................................................................... –65 –54 85 692 613 546 785 779 



Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ..................................................... 14,847 24,027 33,933 73,562 80,720 18,987 –10,590 11,199 

Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) ..................................................... .................... .................... –310 1,626 1,317 659 1,441 1,103 


(On-budget) ................................................................................................. (–63,672) (–66,992) (–72,822) (–77,371) (–83,979) (–87,372) (–86,507) (–87,857) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................. (–8,590) (–11,798) (–16,252) (–21,558) (–26,026) (–29,739) (–33,203) (–35,612) 

Total outlays ....................................................................................... 1,004,164 1,064,489 1,143,671 1,253,163 1,324,400 1,381,681 1,409,414 1,461,731


69 



Department or other unit 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


The Judiciary ................................................................................................... 2,903 3,059 3,617 3,693 3,841 3,947 4,055 4,169 



Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 56,665 54,344 56,954 58,779 58,009 59,725 59,692 61,639 

Commerce ....................................................................................................... 3,401 3,702 3,808 4,080 4,566 6,249 3,996 3,891 


Defense—Civil ................................................................................................. 31,669 32,536 33,873 34,798 35,840 36,937 37,965 38,985 

Education ......................................................................................................... 31,205 29,727 28,340 32,134 36,213 36,814 37,404 35,926 

Energy ............................................................................................................. 17,617 16,203 15,423 14,562 14,922 14,610 14,104 11,769 



Interior .............................................................................................................. 7,378 6,725 7,404 7,101 7,258 7,307 7,360 7,230 

Justice .............................................................................................................. 10,788 11,954 14,520 17,350 18,730 19,084 18,546 18,236 

Labor ................................................................................................................ 32,092 32,492 32,874 35,624 37,511 39,002 39,574 40,396 

State ................................................................................................................ 5,344 4,951 5,487 5,523 6,340 5,454 5,543 5,600 


Treasury ........................................................................................................... 348,579 364,629 380,559 390,381 397,771 400,248 402,497 402,807 



General Services Administration .................................................................... 831 732 1,243 521 316 216 139 133 



Small Business Administration ....................................................................... 677 873 460 137 239 462 628 631 



Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ..................................................... 824 9,543 8,469 16,104 21,681 26,338 25,821 26,394 

Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) ..................................................... –1,969 –626 1,976 4,094 852 –171 –1,760 –1,343 


(On-budget) ................................................................................................. (–97,895) (–92,212) (–102,794) (–113,450) (–100,514) (–103,056) (–107,544) (–125,616) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................. (–39,737) (–42,785) (–47,743) (–52,227) (–56,861) (–61,537) (–66,214) (–71,335) 

Total outlays ....................................................................................... 1,515,729 1,560,330 1,631,016 1,687,475 1,760,700 1,814,427 1,844,488 1,879,717


Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002 

Department or other unit 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 

Legislative Branch .......................................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

The Judiciary .................................................................................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Executive Office of the President ................................................................................. * * * * * * * * * 

Funds Appropriated to the President ............................................................................ 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.4 

Agriculture ...................................................................................................................... 6.0 6.7 6.4 5.9 4.2 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.3 

Commerce ...................................................................................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 

Defense—Military ........................................................................................................... 46.9 45.9 44.4 41.3 42.1 44.5 45.1 44.0 41.0 

Defense—Civil ................................................................................................................ 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 

Education ....................................................................................................................... 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 

Energy ............................................................................................................................ 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 

Health and Human Services ......................................................................................... 3.3 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 6.1 7.3 8.4 8.9 

Housing and Urban Development ................................................................................. 0.8 –0.5 0.1 0.4 1.8 2.0 2.1 0.4 1.2 

Interior ............................................................................................................................ 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 

Justice ............................................................................................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 

Labor .............................................................................................................................. 3.7 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 

State ............................................................................................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Transportation ................................................................................................................ 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 

Treasury ......................................................................................................................... 8.0 8.7 8.8 9.2 8.8 8.2 8.1 9.1 9.9 

Veterans Affairs ............................................................................................................. 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.4 

Environmental Protection Agency ................................................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 

General Services Administration ................................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration .......................................................... 1.2 2.3 3.5 4.3 4.4 3.4 2.7 2.3 1.9 

Office of Personnel Management ................................................................................. 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 

Small Business Administration ...................................................................................... 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 

Social Security Administration (On-budget) .................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 

Social Security Administration (Off-budget) .................................................................. 13.4 14.2 14.0 14.8 15.4 13.7 13.3 14.6 15.2 

Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) .................................................................... 2.7 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.0 2.2 2.7 

Undistributed offsetting receipts .................................................................................... –6.3 –6.5 –6.2 –6.5 –6.3 –6.1 –6.0 –6.0 –6.4 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................ (–5.5) (–5.8) (–5.4) (–5.7) (–5.5) (–5.3) (–5.2) (–5.1) (–5.3) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................ (–0.8) (–0.7) (–0.7) (–0.8) (–0.7) (–0.8) (–0.8) (–0.9) (–1.1) 

Total outlays ..................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

* 0.05 percent or less.


71 

Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002—Continued 

Department or other unit 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 

Legislative Branch .......................................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

The Judiciary .................................................................................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Executive Office of the President ................................................................................. * * * * * * * * * 

Funds Appropriated to the President ............................................................................ 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 

Agriculture ...................................................................................................................... 4.1 4.8 4.2 3.8 4.7 4.8 5.2 5.7 6.6 

Commerce ...................................................................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.0 

Defense—Military ........................................................................................................... 36.9 33.7 30.5 28.9 25.5 23.6 22.7 23.3 22.3 

Defense—Civil ................................................................................................................ 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 

Education ....................................................................................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 

Energy ............................................................................................................................ 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 

Health and Human Services ......................................................................................... 9.7 11.0 10.4 10.4 10.2 10.8 11.0 11.4 11.3 

Housing and Urban Development ................................................................................. 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.3 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.7 

Interior ............................................................................................................................ 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 

Justice ............................................................................................................................ 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 

Labor .............................................................................................................................. 3.9 4.3 3.5 3.3 5.3 6.9 6.1 5.4 5.0 

State ............................................................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Transportation ................................................................................................................ 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 

Treasury ......................................................................................................................... 9.9 9.5 12.5 13.3 12.8 11.9 10.9 12.0 12.0 

Veterans Affairs ............................................................................................................. 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.1 4.4 4.1 

Environmental Protection Agency ................................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.9 

General Services Administration ................................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 * * * 0.1 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration .......................................................... 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 

Office of Personnel Management ................................................................................. 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.4 

Small Business Administration ...................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 

Social Security Administration (On-budget) .................................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 

Social Security Administration (Off-budget) .................................................................. 16.8 17.2 19.8 20.6 19.3 19.7 20.6 20.6 20.3 

Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) .................................................................... 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.3 

Undistributed offsetting receipts .................................................................................... –7.1 –6.4 –7.7 –8.7 –6.4 –6.0 –4.7 –5.6 –5.3 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................ (–5.8) (–5.2) (–6.5) (–7.4) (–5.3) (–5.0) (–4.3) (–4.7) (–4.5) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................ (–1.2) (–1.2) (–1.2) (–1.2) (–1.1) (–1.0) (–0.4) (–0.9) (–0.8) 

Total outlays ..................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 





Legislative Branch ........................................................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

The Judiciary ................................................................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Executive Office of the President ................................................................................................... * * * * * * * * 

Funds Appropriated to the President ............................................................................................. 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 

Agriculture ........................................................................................................................................ 6.3 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.5 4.9 5.9 5.9 

Commerce ....................................................................................................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Defense—Military ............................................................................................................................ 22.5 22.2 22.7 24.2 25.3 25.9 25.9 26.8 

Defense—Civil ................................................................................................................................. 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 

Education ......................................................................................................................................... 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 

Energy ............................................................................................................................................. 1.6 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 

Health and Human Services ........................................................................................................... 11.5 11.6 11.9 11.9 11.8 12.0 12.1 12.4 

Housing and Urban Development .................................................................................................. 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.4 

Interior .............................................................................................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 

Justice .............................................................................................................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 

Labor ................................................................................................................................................ 4.5 5.0 4.4 4.1 4.7 2.9 2.5 2.4 

State ................................................................................................................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Transportation .................................................................................................................................. 3.2 3.4 3.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8 

Treasury ........................................................................................................................................... 12.9 13.0 13.7 14.8 14.4 16.6 17.4 18.1 

Veterans Affairs ............................................................................................................................... 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 

Environmental Protection Agency ................................................................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

General Services Administration .................................................................................................... 0.1 * * * * * * * 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration ............................................................................ 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 

Office of Personnel Management ................................................................................................... 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4 

Small Business Administration ....................................................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Social Security Administration (On-budget) ................................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 3.8 2.2 1.9 2.1 

Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ................................................................................... 20.5 19.9 20.5 20.8 18.6 20.1 19.4 19.3 

Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ..................................................................................... 2.3 2.8 2.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.3 

Undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................................................................... –5.4 –5.4 –6.2 –5.7 –6.3 –6.1 –6.2 –6.6 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................. (–4.8) (–4.8) (–5.6) (–5.2) (–5.9) (–5.5) (–5.5) (–5.8) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................. (–0.7) (–0.6) (–0.5) (–0.5) (–0.4) (–0.6) (–0.7) (–0.7) 

Total outlays ....................................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 



73 




The Judiciary ................................................................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 



Agriculture ........................................................................................................................................ 4.9 4.1 4.2 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.2 

Commerce ....................................................................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 


Defense—Civil ................................................................................................................................. 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 

Education ......................................................................................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.7 

Energy ............................................................................................................................................. 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 



Interior .............................................................................................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Justice .............................................................................................................................................. 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 

Labor ................................................................................................................................................ 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.6 3.4 3.2 2.5 

State ................................................................................................................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 


Treasury ........................................................................................................................................... 18.0 19.0 20.2 20.4 20.9 21.2 21.2 21.0 



General Services Administration .................................................................................................... * –* –* –* * * 0.1 * 



Small Business Administration ....................................................................................................... –* –* * 0.1 * * 0.1 0.1 



Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ..................................................................................... 1.5 2.3 3.0 5.9 6.1 1.4 –0.8 0.8 

Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) ..................................................................................... ................ ................ –* 0.1 0.1 * 0.1 0.1 


(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................. (–6.3) (–6.3) (–6.4) (–6.2) (–6.3) (–6.3) (–6.1) (–6.0) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................. (–0.9) (–1.1) (–1.4) (–1.7) (–2.0) (–2.2) (–2.4) (–2.4) 

Total outlays ....................................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 




Department or other unit 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


The Judiciary ................................................................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 



Agriculture ........................................................................................................................................ 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 

Commerce ....................................................................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 


Defense—Civil ................................................................................................................................. 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 

Education ......................................................................................................................................... 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 

Energy ............................................................................................................................................. 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 



Interior .............................................................................................................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 

Justice .............................................................................................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 

Labor ................................................................................................................................................ 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 

State ................................................................................................................................................ 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 


Treasury ........................................................................................................................................... 23.0 23.4 23.3 23.1 22.6 22.1 21.8 21.4 



General Services Administration .................................................................................................... 0.1 * 0.1 * * * * * 



Small Business Administration ....................................................................................................... * 0.1 * * * * * * 



Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ..................................................................................... 0.1 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 

Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) ..................................................................................... –0.1 –* 0.1 0.2 * –* –0.1 –0.1 


(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................. (–6.5) (–5.9) (–6.3) (–6.7) (–5.7) (–5.7) (–5.8) (–6.7) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................. (–2.6) (–2.7) (–2.9) (–3.1) (–3.2) (–3.4) (–3.6) (–3.8) 

Total outlays ....................................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 



75 

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002 


Function and Subfunction 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 



Military Personnel ...................................................................................................................... 32,912 8,495 34,075 35,724 37,641 41,069 48,462 

Operation and Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 28,731 7,591 32,108 34,734 38,042 46,386 55,489 

Procurement ............................................................................................................................... 20,991 4,135 27,922 29,529 31,428 35,283 48,025 

Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation ........................................................................ 9,451 2,406 10,439 11,371 12,437 13,561 16,609 

Military Construction .................................................................................................................. 2,360 76 2,204 1,641 2,319 2,293 3,380 

Family Housing .......................................................................................................................... 1,229 278 1,258 1,346 1,563 1,526 2,004 

Other .......................................................................................................................................... –170 –55 –99 186 166 533 2,141 

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ............................................................................ 95,503 22,925 107,906 114,531 123,595 140,651 176,110 

053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................................... 1,682 459 2,089 2,514 2,668 2,991 3,651 

054 Defense-related activities ........................................................................................................ 146 31 156 182 204 217 241 

Total, National defense .................................................................................................................. 97,331 23,416 110,150 117,227 126,467 143,859 180,001 


151 International development and humanitarian assistance ...................................................... 3,076 319 3,550 4,183 5,084 5,264 4,420 

152 International security assistance ............................................................................................ 3,712 589 3,954 4,577 5,772 5,066 5,068 

153 Conduct of foreign affairs ....................................................................................................... 782 362 1,054 1,241 1,318 1,343 1,465 

154 Foreign information and exchange activities ......................................................................... 423 103 400 451 506 518 555 

155 International financial programs ............................................................................................. 6,063 –1,043 –744 1,124 –2,298 5,761 15,844 

Total, International affairs .............................................................................................................. 14,057 331 8,214 11,575 10,382 17,952 27,352 


251 General science and basic research ..................................................................................... 1,039 246 1,136 1,275 1,347 1,461 1,535 

252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ................................................................... 3,227 850 3,498 3,807 4,223 4,790 5,108 

Total, General science, space and technology ............................................................................. 4,266 1,095 4,634 5,081 5,571 6,251 6,643 

270 Energy: 

271 Energy supply ......................................................................................................................... 14,008 993 4,934 6,123 5,448 40,640 7,165 

272 Energy conservation ............................................................................................................... 79 39 242 527 611 738 700 

274 Emergency energy preparedness .......................................................................................... 431 48 445 3,175 3,008 –2,000 2,791 

276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ............................................................................ 651 179 711 842 777 943 1,098 

Total, Energy .................................................................................................................................. 15,169 1,259 6,332 10,666 9,844 40,320 11,754 


301 Water resources ...................................................................................................................... 3,036 1,079 3,635 3,781 3,577 4,085 4,079 

302 Conservation and land management ..................................................................................... 572 105 876 1,494 1,204 1,302 1,364 

303 Recreational resources ........................................................................................................... 848 177 1,207 1,794 1,807 1,642 1,252 

304 Pollution control and abatement ............................................................................................ 684 168 2,691 5,376 5,306 4,672 2,982 

306 Other natural resources .......................................................................................................... 916 243 1,080 1,206 1,357 1,395 1,494 

Total, Natural resources and environment .................................................................................... 6,055 1,773 9,489 13,651 13,251 13,096 11,171 


351 Farm income stabilization ....................................................................................................... 3,833 463 2,601 4,977 13,294 8,894 11,864 

352 Agricultural research and services ......................................................................................... 991 245 1,084 1,221 1,400 1,402 1,559 

Total, Agriculture ............................................................................................................................ 4,824 708 3,685 6,199 14,694 10,297 13,423 


371 Mortgage credit ....................................................................................................................... 9,737 468 5,149 5,338 6,409 9,962 9,208 

372 Postal Service ......................................................................................................................... 1,708 934 2,266 1,787 1,785 1,677 1,343 

373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. –10 .................. 1,200 15 

376 Other advancement of commerce .......................................................................................... 1,082 174 1,403 1,643 1,758 2,495 2,187 

Total, Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................ 12,528 1,576 8,818 8,759 9,953 15,333 12,754 



Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued 


Function and Subfunction 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 





Procurement ............................................................................................................................... 64,462 80,355 86,161 96,842 92,506 80,234 80,053 


Military Construction .................................................................................................................. 4,916 4,512 4,510 5,517 5,281 5,093 5,349 

Family Housing .......................................................................................................................... 2,203 2,712 2,669 2,890 2,803 3,075 3,199 

Other .......................................................................................................................................... 1,680 912 2,129 4,650 4,528 1,806 419 


053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................................... 4,737 5,718 6,555 7,325 7,287 7,478 7,749 

054 Defense-related activities ........................................................................................................ 297 425 429 503 424 480 504 



151 International development and humanitarian assistance ...................................................... 4,474 4,711 5,069 6,496 4,760 4,902 5,022 

152 International security assistance ............................................................................................ 6,863 8,142 8,943 13,730 9,543 8,213 8,598 

153 Conduct of foreign affairs ....................................................................................................... 1,688 1,830 2,015 2,501 2,992 2,582 2,631 

154 Foreign information and exchange activities ......................................................................... 587 688 808 950 970 1,031 1,056 

155 International financial programs ............................................................................................. 4,612 –4,632 7,718 2,776 –1,607 1,997 –123 

Total, International affairs .............................................................................................................. 18,224 10,739 24,553 26,453 16,659 18,724 17,184 


251 General science and basic research ..................................................................................... 1,535 1,638 1,964 2,227 2,121 2,340 2,542 

252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ................................................................... 5,684 6,517 6,858 6,925 7,165 10,198 8,322 


270 Energy: 

271 Energy supply ......................................................................................................................... 7,856 7,046 5,348 5,511 4,745 2,280 3,807 


274 Emergency energy preparedness .......................................................................................... 3,875 2,316 1,268 2,056 113 153 609 

276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ............................................................................ 871 872 793 719 763 763 799 

Total, Energy .................................................................................................................................. 12,770 10,683 7,865 8,758 6,047 3,430 5,526 



302 Conservation and land management ..................................................................................... 902 1,883 1,389 1,446 1,430 1,721 2,650 

303 Recreational resources ........................................................................................................... 1,220 1,581 1,453 1,574 1,456 1,685 1,647 

304 Pollution control and abatement ............................................................................................ 3,645 3,677 4,037 4,303 3,399 5,296 4,932 

306 Other natural resources .......................................................................................................... 1,583 1,547 1,622 1,934 1,761 1,770 1,852 



351 Farm income stabilization ....................................................................................................... 22,571 33,490 9,945 25,569 28,065 23,394 16,317 

352 Agricultural research and services ......................................................................................... 1,586 1,698 1,843 1,911 1,836 2,007 2,075 

Total, Agriculture ............................................................................................................................ 24,156 35,188 11,788 27,480 29,901 25,401 18,392 


371 Mortgage credit ....................................................................................................................... 9,188 7,227 8,349 6,881 3,666 3,449 8,361 

372 Postal Service ......................................................................................................................... 707 989 1,798 2,639 2,504 2,944 1,458 

373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................................... 36 .................. 1,081 200 3,000 2,699 10,835 

376 Other advancement of commerce .......................................................................................... 1,837 1,955 2,078 2,497 1,959 2,045 2,412 




77 








Procurement ............................................................................................................................... 79,390 81,376 71,740 62,952 52,789 44,141 43,571 




Other .......................................................................................................................................... 204 –393 –41,656 –1,378 3,012 3,141 3,431 



054 Defense-related activities ........................................................................................................ 630 609 1,092 964 1,823 1,061 558 






154 Foreign information and exchange activities ......................................................................... 1,126 1,317 1,243 1,303 1,248 1,496 1,421 

155 International financial programs ............................................................................................. 390 473 2,369 2,523 14,275 –647 7,855 






270 Energy: 

271 Energy supply ......................................................................................................................... 2,789 3,394 4,220 4,789 7,404 3,386 3,757 


274 Emergency energy preparedness .......................................................................................... 422 571 336 282 60 216 144 


Total, Energy .................................................................................................................................. 4,062 4,926 5,386 6,096 8,264 4,726 5,027 



302 Conservation and land management ..................................................................................... 3,706 3,783 3,912 4,652 4,775 5,190 5,392 










371 Mortgage credit ....................................................................................................................... 6,614 9,847 7,816 4,514 2,302 1,486 1,350 

372 Postal Service ......................................................................................................................... 2,046 3,573 3,812 2,709 2,400 2,863 2,684 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (436) (490) (511) (511) (161) (130) (130) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (1,610) (3,083) (3,301) (2,198) (2,239) (2,732) (2,554) 

373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................................... 51,020 45,624 72,789 36,961 2,462 19,520 859 



(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (60,816) (59,907) (84,042) (45,397) (8,540) (24,602) (5,874) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (1,610) (3,083) (3,301) (2,198) (2,239) (2,732) (2,554) 





Function and Subfunction 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 





Procurement ............................................................................................................................... 42,417 44,156 42,606 50,716 56,997 60,662 68,336 




Allowances ................................................................................................................................. .................. –4,800 .................. 85 85 85 –115 

Other .......................................................................................................................................... 2,438 1,228 628 725 493 526 534 



054 Defense-related activities ........................................................................................................ 911 989 979 1,060 1,072 1,082 1,048 






154 Foreign information and exchange activities ......................................................................... 1,131 1,100 1,135 1,083 1,076 1,073 1,072 

155 International financial programs ............................................................................................. 310 1,201 4,032 –315 –123 355 587 






270 Energy: 

271 Energy supply ......................................................................................................................... 1,784 244 800 99 1,033 327 38 


274 Emergency energy preparedness .......................................................................................... .................. .................. 209 195 172 142 –1,019 


Total, Energy .................................................................................................................................. 2,647 961 1,890 1,172 2,079 1,344 –107 



302 Conservation and land management ..................................................................................... 5,577 5,451 5,507 5,281 5,460 5,550 5,430 










371 Mortgage credit ....................................................................................................................... 1,289 261 –1,839 –145 –355 –510 –735 

372 Postal Service ......................................................................................................................... 3,563 8,121 5,053 1,535 1,244 2,499 3,414 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (122) (121) (86) (85) (87) (88) (88) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (3,441) (8,000) (4,967) (1,450) (1,157) (2,411) (3,326) 

373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................................... 11 –25 –113 –82 –86 –89 –93 



(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (4,899) (4,840) (3,316) (9,231) (15,526) (14,229) (14,670) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (3,441) (8,000) (4,967) (1,450) (1,157) (2,411) (3,326) 



79 





401 Ground transportation ............................................................................................................. 6,904 4,777 5,732 9,872 14,021 15,278 20,249 

402 Air transportation ..................................................................................................................... 2,311 1,048 3,017 3,287 3,728 3,915 4,046 

403 Water transportation ............................................................................................................... 1,615 390 1,675 1,854 2,057 2,192 2,552 

407 Other transportation ................................................................................................................ 74 19 83 85 91 97 109 

Total, Transportation ...................................................................................................................... 10,905 6,234 10,507 15,098 19,897 21,483 26,957 


451 Community development ........................................................................................................ 2,764 81 3,689 4,403 4,775 4,972 4,783 

452 Area and regional development ............................................................................................. 2,604 649 9,235 3,524 4,082 4,331 4,373 

453 Disaster relief and insurance ................................................................................................. 335 60 684 3,246 2,266 2,426 810 

Total, Community and regional development ............................................................................... 5,703 790 13,608 11,173 11,123 11,728 9,966 


501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ................................................................ 4,624 2,826 5,825 6,146 7,047 7,404 6,808 

502 Higher education ..................................................................................................................... 3,828 185 3,858 4,523 5,854 6,775 8,895 

503 Research and general education aids ................................................................................... 748 339 1,011 1,140 1,249 1,170 1,224 

504 Training and employment ....................................................................................................... 7,264 839 13,969 4,802 11,739 9,623 9,109 

505 Other labor services ............................................................................................................... 329 82 383 440 522 572 606 

506 Social services ........................................................................................................................ 5,221 1,207 5,449 5,566 6,693 6,152 6,247 

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services ....................................................... 22,013 5,480 30,496 22,618 33,104 31,698 32,889 

550 Health: 

551 Health care services ............................................................................................................... 11,395 2,794 13,403 14,225 17,028 18,480 21,520 

552 Health research and training .................................................................................................. 3,111 601 3,502 3,857 4,200 4,565 4,422 

554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ..................................................................... 684 181 773 864 949 1,000 1,082 

Total, Health ................................................................................................................................... 15,190 3,576 17,678 18,945 22,177 24,045 27,024 

570 Medicare: 

571 Medicare .................................................................................................................................. 15,785 4,280 19,416 22,880 26,657 32,237 39,148 


601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............................... 3,534 1,165 3,717 3,723 5,326 5,446 5,557 

602 Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................................................... 16,092 4,317 18,349 20,577 23,215 27,340 32,007 

603 Unemployment compensation ................................................................................................ 15,006 2,907 16,036 10,749 10,848 17,927 19,748 

604 Housing assistance ................................................................................................................. 19,421 111 28,629 32,300 24,780 27,932 26,927 

605 Food and nutrition assistance ................................................................................................ 7,737 1,966 8,875 9,017 10,566 13,775 16,576 

609 Other income security ............................................................................................................ 12,434 3,217 13,515 13,027 13,592 17,915 19,658 

Total, Income security .................................................................................................................... 74,224 13,684 89,121 89,393 88,326 110,335 120,473 


651 Social security ......................................................................................................................... 74,535 20,019 85,626 94,453 104,994 119,955 141,076 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (515) .................. (717) (741) (761) (677) (672) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (74,019) (20,019) (84,909) (93,712) (104,233) (119,278) (140,404) 


701 Income security for veterans .................................................................................................. 8,685 2,150 9,454 10,132 11,212 11,770 13,210 

702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ..................................................................... 6,015 1,159 3,984 2,635 2,510 2,374 2,351 

703 Hospital and medical care for veterans ................................................................................. 4,436 1,092 5,074 5,638 6,112 6,409 6,919 

705 Other veterans benefits and services .................................................................................... 528 125 542 618 649 641 671 

Total, Veterans benefits and services ........................................................................................... 19,664 4,527 19,053 19,023 20,481 21,194 23,150 









403 Water transportation ............................................................................................................... 2,931 2,912 3,244 3,105 3,915 3,120 2,861 




451 Community development ........................................................................................................ 4,328 5,398 4,818 4,262 3,726 3,819 3,546 

452 Area and regional development ............................................................................................. 3,644 4,104 3,824 3,664 2,684 2,620 5,080 

453 Disaster relief and insurance ................................................................................................. 417 480 257 239 475 210 205 

Total, Community and regional development ............................................................................... 8,390 9,983 8,899 8,166 6,884 6,649 8,831 



502 Higher education ..................................................................................................................... 8,012 7,364 6,900 9,705 8,723 9,001 8,932 

503 Research and general education aids ................................................................................... 1,172 1,258 1,245 1,338 1,290 1,414 1,472 

504 Training and employment ....................................................................................................... 4,386 5,515 8,688 5,422 4,875 5,226 5,327 




550 Health: 


552 Health research and training .................................................................................................. 4,338 4,743 5,233 5,951 6,059 7,190 7,569 

554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ..................................................................... 1,044 1,083 1,156 1,196 1,157 1,250 1,313 

Total, Health ................................................................................................................................... 27,479 25,053 31,630 33,601 36,634 41,320 45,631 

570 Medicare: 

571 Medicare .................................................................................................................................. 46,562 52,591 57,835 65,579 71,202 75,105 78,806 





604 Housing assistance ................................................................................................................. 14,608 10,498 12,671 26,879 11,643 9,864 9,698 






(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (844) (20,753) (7,083) (8,527) (4,861) (4,930) (4,852) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (156,238) (150,984) (171,710) (184,648) (191,782) (203,462) (216,285) 



702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ..................................................................... 1,964 1,667 1,582 1,066 605 393 395 


704 Veterans housing .................................................................................................................... .................. –78 201 306 200 100 1,484 

705 Other veterans benefits and services .................................................................................... 687 721 751 789 757 824 817 




81 













453 Disaster relief and insurance ................................................................................................. 1,308 1,728 1 5,223 2,387 6,915 4,505 










550 Health: 




Total, Health ................................................................................................................................... 51,694 60,917 75,402 92,554 108,616 116,486 116,986 

570 Medicare: 

571 Medicare .................................................................................................................................. 86,959 106,296 103,208 133,599 124,757 162,677 156,540 











(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (5,069) (3,766) (2,722) (6,167) (6,248) (5,687) (5,481) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (228,432) (246,875) (268,532) (283,365) (300,090) (315,451) (327,808) 



702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ..................................................................... 335 251 824 600 675 1,031 1,090 


704 Veterans housing .................................................................................................................... 778 548 730 815 1,181 188 612 

705 Other veterans benefits and services .................................................................................... 871 897 1,013 1,020 993 1,006 1,078 







1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 





407 Other transportation ................................................................................................................ 312 330 203 202 202 202 –338 





453 Disaster relief and insurance ................................................................................................. 4,693 2,128 3,226 837 818 796 776 







505 Other labor services ............................................................................................................... 957 1,003 1,063 1,063 1,063 1,063 1,063 



550 Health: 




Total, Health ................................................................................................................................... 109,869 130,117 133,769 145,133 152,110 159,787 165,433 

570 Medicare: 

571 Medicare .................................................................................................................................. 179,652 194,070 206,875 219,986 229,164 245,781 263,684 











(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (5,821) (6,943) (7,626) (8,112) (8,670) (8,723) (9,925) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (346,315) (360,337) (378,195) (395,532) (414,153) (434,417) (455,026) 



702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ..................................................................... 1,013 1,047 1,143 1,232 1,235 1,275 1,297 


704 Veterans housing .................................................................................................................... 212 –442 323 318 308 298 301 

705 Other veterans benefits and services .................................................................................... 1,023 1,015 1,058 1,063 1,103 1,077 1,047 




83 





751 Federal law enforcement activities ......................................................................................... 1,561 414 1,688 1,897 2,071 2,219 2,417 

752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ................................................................................... 726 187 863 1,029 1,190 1,370 1,484 

753 Federal correctional activities ................................................................................................. 208 55 297 308 339 320 352 

754 Criminal justice assistance ..................................................................................................... 810 205 758 654 656 498 169 

Total, Administration of justice ...................................................................................................... 3,305 861 3,605 3,889 4,257 4,407 4,423 


801 Legislative functions ................................................................................................................ 780 188 878 913 932 1,111 1,036 

802 Executive direction and management .................................................................................... 71 18 83 79 84 102 108 

803 Central fiscal operations ......................................................................................................... 1,773 463 1,916 2,126 2,383 2,675 2,818 

804 General property and records management .......................................................................... 354 69 390 224 389 338 456 

805 Central personnel management ............................................................................................. 99 25 109 126 133 145 162 

806 General purpose fiscal assistance ......................................................................................... 9,751 3,470 9,342 10,454 8,282 8,664 6,249 

808 Other general government ..................................................................................................... 470 177 531 618 493 592 764 

809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ........................................................................................... –322 –150 –256 –289 –198 –351 –222 

Total, General government ............................................................................................................ 12,974 4,260 12,993 14,250 12,498 13,279 11,370 


901 Interest on the public debt ..................................................................................................... 37,076 8,104 41,915 48,712 59,858 74,808 95,543 

902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ............................................................................ –4,988 –177 –5,488 –6,128 –7,727 –9,707 –11,523 

903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ............................................................................ –2,812 –93 –2,650 –2,403 –2,224 –2,339 –2,288 

908 Other interest .......................................................................................................................... –2,547 –887 –3,875 –4,723 –7,273 –10,220 –12,958 

Total, Net interest ........................................................................................................................... 26,729 6,948 29,901 35,459 42,634 52,543 68,775 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (29,541) (7,040) (32,551) (37,862) (44,858) (54,882) (71,063) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–2,812) (–93) (–2,650) (–2,403) (–2,224) (–2,339) (–2,288) 


951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................................... –10,761 –2,646 –11,528 –12,401 –13,095 –14,638 –16,473 

952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................................... –963 –249 –977 –1,060 –1,114 –1,204 –1,430 

953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ............................................................. –2,662 –1,311 –2,374 –2,259 –3,267 –4,101 –10,138 

Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts .......................................................................................... –14,386 –4,206 –14,879 –15,720 –17,476 –19,942 –28,041 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–13,423) (–3,957) (–13,902) (–14,660) (–16,362) (–18,738) (–26,611) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–963) (–249) (–977) (–1,060) (–1,114) (–1,204) (–1,430) 

Total budget authority ..................................................................................................................... 420,870 96,610 468,450 504,620 558,833 670,068 740,308 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (350,626) (76,933) (387,168) (414,370) (457,937) (554,333) (603,622) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (70,244) (19,677) (81,282) (90,250) (100,895) (115,735) (136,686) 







751 Federal law enforcement activities ......................................................................................... 2,666 3,066 3,439 3,716 3,731 4,742 5,156 

752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ................................................................................... 1,530 1,702 1,905 2,204 2,190 2,680 2,926 

753 Federal correctional activities ................................................................................................. 423 468 495 599 595 867 1,059 

754 Criminal justice assistance ..................................................................................................... 140 137 215 220 265 502 316 

Total, Administration of justice ...................................................................................................... 4,759 5,373 6,054 6,739 6,780 8,791 9,458 


801 Legislative functions ................................................................................................................ 1,175 1,418 1,443 1,358 1,412 1,572 1,602 


803 Central fiscal operations ......................................................................................................... 2,936 3,404 3,633 3,868 4,043 4,781 5,172 




808 Other general government ..................................................................................................... 543 794 498 565 760 985 1,805 

809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ........................................................................................... –216 –636 –513 –506 –78 –623 –694 




902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ............................................................................ –13,995 –15,257 –17,044 –21,838 –26,628 –29,614 –34,406 

903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ............................................................................ –2,071 –1,845 –3,310 –4,118 –4,329 –5,290 –7,416 

908 Other interest .......................................................................................................................... –16,130 –21,742 –22,410 –23,437 –23,285 –21,732 –20,426 


(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (87,114) (91,673) (114,433) (133,623) (140,389) (143,937) (159,249) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–2,071) (–1,845) (–3,310) (–4,118) (–4,329) (–5,290) (–7,416) 



952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................................... –1,646 –1,778 –2,044 –2,509 –2,857 –3,300 –4,382 


954 Sale of major assets .............................................................................................................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. –1,875 .................. 


(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–24,453) (–32,198) (–29,913) (–30,189) (–30,150) (–33,155) (–32,585) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–1,646) (–1,778) (–2,044) (–2,509) (–2,857) (–3,300) (–4,382) 

Total budget authority ..................................................................................................................... 806,534 869,861 923,467 1,028,407 1,014,069 1,033,157 1,091,588 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (654,013) (722,500) (757,110) (850,385) (829,474) (838,285) (887,100) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (152,521) (147,361) (166,356) (178,021) (184,595) (194,872) (204,488) 



85 







753 Federal correctional activities ................................................................................................. 1,553 2,578 1,728 2,101 1,937 2,222 2,557 

754 Criminal justice assistance ..................................................................................................... 424 774 853 872 1,006 859 2,582 






804 General property and records management .......................................................................... 475 2,313 2,095 508 763 813 376 



808 Other general government ..................................................................................................... 817 745 1,462 1,705 1,495 948 1,714 

809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ........................................................................................... –893 –361 –718 –480 –739 –2,087 –1,077 








(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (180,807) (200,702) (214,331) (223,095) (225,610) (232,166) (265,488) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–11,395) (–15,991) (–20,222) (–23,637) (–26,788) (–29,203) (–33,305) 





959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. –7,644 


(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–32,354) (–31,048) (–33,553) (–33,179) (–30,970) (–31,362) (–38,023) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–4,858) (–5,567) (–5,804) (–6,101) (–6,416) (–6,409) (–6,432) 

Total budget authority ..................................................................................................................... 1,197,603 1,286,623 1,386,152 1,467,488 1,474,423 1,529,291 1,539,653 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (983,813) (1,058,223) (1,140,346) (1,211,664) (1,205,297) (1,246,720) (1,249,028) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (213,790) (228,400) (245,807) (255,824) (269,126) (282,571) (290,625) 






1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 




753 Federal correctional activities ................................................................................................. 2,881 3,189 3,245 3,253 3,340 3,429 3,550 

754 Criminal justice assistance ..................................................................................................... 4,134 4,693 4,416 6,204 4,921 4,839 4,960 









808 Other general government ..................................................................................................... 851 1,195 966 965 948 951 952 

809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ........................................................................................... –1,694 –1,184 –1,184 –1,184 –1,184 –1,184 –1,184 








(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (277,598) (288,620) (295,058) (301,071) (301,384) (302,235) (300,316) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–36,507) (–41,238) (–45,199) (–49,228) (–53,181) (–57,272) (–61,554) 





954 Sale of major assets .............................................................................................................. .................. .................. –4,300 .................. .................. .................. .................. 

959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................................... –342 –7,961 –11,459 –3,104 –4,064 –6,432 –22,100 


(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–31,342) (–39,982) (–48,562) (–35,898) (–37,642) (–41,109) (–58,169) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (–6,278) (–6,505) (–7,028) (–7,633) (–8,356) (–8,942) (–9,781) 

Total budget authority ..................................................................................................................... 1,581,063 1,652,881 1,709,547 1,777,401 1,831,705 1,879,990 1,922,332 

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (1,274,092) (1,332,287) (1,378,612) (1,437,280) (1,477,932) (1,509,376) (1,535,315) 

(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (306,971) (320,594) (330,935) (340,121) (353,773) (370,614) (387,017) 



87 

Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002 


Department or other unit 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 

Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................ 936 226 1,057 1,087 1,131 1,318 1,251 

The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................ 346 87 431 459 521 609 656 

Executive Office of the President ........................................................................................ 69 18 78 78 82 101 103 

Funds Appropriated to the President ................................................................................... 10,933 –733 5,387 8,546 6,748 13,422 16,515 

Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 20,755 4,245 21,897 26,719 37,314 39,628 47,496 

Commerce ............................................................................................................................. 1,732 357 7,814 1,892 2,086 2,610 2,072 

Defense—Military .................................................................................................................. 95,503 22,925 107,906 114,531 123,595 140,651 176,110 

Defense—Civil ...................................................................................................................... 9,524 2,603 10,738 11,981 13,083 15,237 16,953 

Education .............................................................................................................................. 9,314 3,227 10,568 11,625 13,996 15,209 16,752 

Energy ................................................................................................................................... 4,946 1,312 6,977 10,660 10,331 10,025 11,241 

Health and Human Services ................................................................................................ 40,368 10,154 47,035 51,945 59,726 70,002 80,788 

Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................ 29,200 400 33,818 37,994 31,142 35,852 34,220 

Interior ................................................................................................................................... 2,733 1,036 3,733 4,639 4,766 4,674 4,403 

Justice ................................................................................................................................... 2,180 566 2,340 2,378 2,502 2,472 2,325 

Labor ..................................................................................................................................... 21,933 3,790 30,232 15,859 23,719 28,806 29,897 

State ...................................................................................................................................... 909 387 1,187 1,421 1,660 1,968 2,111 

Transportation ....................................................................................................................... 11,082 5,128 9,763 14,035 17,917 19,963 25,520 

Treasury ................................................................................................................................ 46,645 11,013 50,337 57,291 64,598 90,535 92,137 

Veterans Affairs .................................................................................................................... 19,653 4,524 19,043 19,013 20,471 21,177 23,136 

Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................ 772 189 2,764 5,499 5,403 4,669 3,026 

General Services Administration .......................................................................................... 289 51 353 180 378 297 404 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration ................................................................. 3,552 932 3,876 4,244 4,743 5,350 5,634 

Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................ 8,870 2,406 10,255 11,631 13,314 15,711 18,595 

Small Business Administration ............................................................................................. 621 31 1,068 3,555 2,081 2,145 1,355 

Social Security Administration (On-budget) ......................................................................... 7,044 1,741 7,574 6,959 7,262 8,184 9,001 

Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ......................................................................... 74,019 20,019 84,909 93,712 104,233 119,278 140,404 

Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ........................................................................... 19,130 4,452 10,327 10,940 13,457 32,163 20,052 

Undistributed offsetting receipts ........................................................................................... –22,186 –4,477 –23,018 –24,250 –27,428 –31,988 –41,852 

(On-budget) ...................................................................................................................... (–18,411) (–4,135) (–19,390) (–20,788) (–24,089) (–28,445) (–38,134) 

(Off-budget) ...................................................................................................................... (–3,775) (–342) (–3,627) (–3,463) (–3,338) (–3,543) (–3,718) 

Total budget authority ............................................................................................. 420,870 96,610 468,450 504,620 558,833 670,068 740,308


Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002—Continued 


Department or other unit 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 

Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................ 1,414 1,687 1,770 1,705 1,722 1,875 2,127 

The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................ 733 823 904 1,055 1,045 1,273 1,344 


Funds Appropriated to the President ................................................................................... 11,032 6,590 18,946 20,364 10,709 13,002 11,656 

Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 57,481 69,921 46,824 61,916 59,249 52,518 55,236 

Commerce ............................................................................................................................. 1,834 1,923 2,016 2,309 1,980 2,155 2,450 


Defense—Civil ...................................................................................................................... 18,000 19,591 19,225 20,114 20,203 21,114 22,310 

Education .............................................................................................................................. 15,374 15,267 15,336 18,952 17,750 19,476 20,098 

Energy ................................................................................................................................... 12,486 11,893 10,953 12,618 10,559 10,125 11,163 


Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................ 20,911 16,561 18,148 31,398 15,928 14,657 14,949 

Interior ................................................................................................................................... 3,805 4,952 4,912 5,011 4,584 5,274 5,241 

Justice ................................................................................................................................... 2,627 3,046 3,461 3,848 3,865 5,210 5,630 

Labor ..................................................................................................................................... 30,984 37,193 30,945 22,837 23,603 22,995 22,154 

State ...................................................................................................................................... 2,279 2,391 2,556 3,069 3,568 3,238 3,325 


Treasury ................................................................................................................................ 111,295 117,291 141,702 166,176 179,823 181,890 204,119 


Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................ 3,674 3,688 4,064 4,346 3,446 5,344 4,968 


National Aeronautics and Space Administration ................................................................. 6,200 7,065 7,458 7,573 7,807 10,923 9,062 


Small Business Administration ............................................................................................. 748 1,278 971 1,254 714 604 418 





(On-budget) ...................................................................................................................... (–38,448) (–47,455) (–46,975) (–52,029) (–57,850) (–63,672) (–66,992) 

(Off-budget) ...................................................................................................................... (–3,717) (–3,623) (–5,354) (–6,627) (–7,186) (–8,590) (–11,798) 

Total budget authority ............................................................................................. 806,534 869,861 923,467 1,028,407 1,014,069 1,033,157 1,091,588


89 





The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................ 1,481 1,752 2,118 2,445 2,613 2,832 2,998 



Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 55,733 55,327 60,075 66,288 67,857 65,585 58,571 

Commerce ............................................................................................................................. 2,807 3,684 2,649 3,023 3,159 3,811 4,025 


Defense—Civil ...................................................................................................................... 23,528 24,924 26,637 28,415 29,883 30,929 31,373 

Education .............................................................................................................................. 22,819 24,549 27,360 28,685 31,324 26,881 32,245 

Energy ................................................................................................................................... 11,697 13,984 16,110 17,206 17,721 17,168 15,027 



Interior ................................................................................................................................... 5,477 6,681 6,863 7,087 6,859 7,460 7,519 

Justice ................................................................................................................................... 6,732 8,596 8,966 9,977 10,491 10,202 12,866 

Labor ..................................................................................................................................... 23,031 26,508 35,385 48,058 46,892 38,232 32,206 

State ...................................................................................................................................... 3,625 3,868 4,354 5,194 5,484 5,837 5,262 


Treasury ................................................................................................................................ 232,099 259,022 278,267 295,704 300,506 309,294 353,753 



General Services Administration .......................................................................................... 63 2,934 1,971 367 618 640 187 



Small Business Administration ............................................................................................. 421 928 464 1,891 1,177 2,058 792 




Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) ........................................................................... 1,610 3,083 3,301 2,198 2,239 2,732 2,554 


(On-budget) ...................................................................................................................... (–72,822) (–77,371) (–83,979) (–87,372) (–86,507) (–87,857) (–97,895) 

(Off-budget) ...................................................................................................................... (–16,252) (–21,558) (–26,026) (–29,739) (–33,203) (–35,612) (–39,737) 

Total budget authority ............................................................................................. 1,197,603 1,286,623 1,386,152 1,467,488 1,474,423 1,529,291 1,539,653




Department or other unit 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................ 3,174 3,364 3,751 3,851 3,958 4,068 4,175 



Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 58,734 60,615 60,275 60,270 62,309 62,749 65,646 

Commerce ............................................................................................................................. 3,612 3,697 4,168 4,806 6,063 3,976 3,930 


Defense—Civil ...................................................................................................................... 32,390 33,774 35,190 35,891 36,995 37,971 39,039 

Education .............................................................................................................................. 29,097 29,358 39,470 36,391 37,017 37,728 37,381 

Energy ................................................................................................................................... 14,136 14,225 17,018 15,537 14,571 13,978 11,383 



Interior ................................................................................................................................... 7,211 7,065 7,299 7,285 7,355 7,348 7,282 

Justice ................................................................................................................................... 15,185 17,421 17,784 18,413 17,447 17,707 18,175 

Labor ..................................................................................................................................... 33,434 34,421 37,475 39,004 40,343 40,301 41,525 

State ...................................................................................................................................... 5,080 5,209 5,542 6,343 5,472 5,552 5,610 


Treasury ................................................................................................................................ 365,768 382,575 392,936 399,575 401,389 404,390 404,887 






Small Business Administration ............................................................................................. 1,089 865 652 669 719 719 720 




Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) ........................................................................... 3,441 8,000 4,967 1,450 1,157 2,411 3,326 


(On-budget) ...................................................................................................................... (–92,212) (–102,794) (–113,450) (–100,514) (–103,056) (–107,544) (–125,616) 

(Off-budget) ...................................................................................................................... (–42,785) (–47,743) (–52,227) (–56,861) (–61,537) (–66,214) (–71,335) 

Total budget authority ............................................................................................. 1,581,063 1,652,881 1,709,547 1,777,401 1,831,705 1,879,990 1,922,332


91 

Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002 

Department or other unit 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 

Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 

The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Executive Office of the President ........................................................................................ * * * * * * * 

Funds Appropriated to the President ................................................................................... 3.1 2.2 3.0 3.3 3.9 3.1 4.1 

Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 

Commerce ............................................................................................................................. 0.9 0.8 3.2 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6 

Defense—Military .................................................................................................................. 49.4 52.8 44.6 44.9 45.8 46.2 52.7 

Defense—Civil ...................................................................................................................... 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 

Education .............................................................................................................................. 4.2 7.2 4.0 4.0 4.3 3.8 3.4 

Energy ................................................................................................................................... 2.7 3.2 3.0 4.4 4.0 2.2 4.0 

Health and Human Services ................................................................................................ 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.9 

Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................ 11.1 0.4 13.6 14.6 11.2 10.9 9.4 

Interior ................................................................................................................................... 1.5 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.4 

Justice ................................................................................................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 

Labor ..................................................................................................................................... 3.3 1.7 5.6 1.7 4.2 3.0 2.6 

State ...................................................................................................................................... 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Transportation ....................................................................................................................... 2.9 2.4 2.2 2.4 3.2 3.2 3.9 

Treasury ................................................................................................................................ 2.5 4.7 1.8 2.0 1.4 5.6 0.9 

Veterans Affairs .................................................................................................................... 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.3 

Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................ 0.4 0.4 1.1 2.2 2.0 1.5 0.9 

General Services Administration .......................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration ................................................................. 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 

Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * * 

Small Business Administration ............................................................................................. 0.3 0.1 0.4 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.4 

Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ......................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... –* –* 

Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ........................................................................... 3.5 6.6 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.5 2.6 

Total budget authority ............................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 



Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002—Continued 



The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 



Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 

Commerce ............................................................................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 


Defense—Civil ...................................................................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 

Education .............................................................................................................................. 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.6 

Energy ................................................................................................................................... 3.7 3.3 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.9 



Interior ................................................................................................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 

Justice ................................................................................................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 

Labor ..................................................................................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 

State ...................................................................................................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 


Treasury ................................................................................................................................ 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.7 



General Services Administration .......................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * 


Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................ * * * * * * * 






93 




The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 



Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.1 

Commerce ............................................................................................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 


Defense—Civil ...................................................................................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 

Education .............................................................................................................................. 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.8 

Energy ................................................................................................................................... 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 



Interior ................................................................................................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 

Justice ................................................................................................................................... 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.4 

Labor ..................................................................................................................................... 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9 

State ...................................................................................................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 


Treasury ................................................................................................................................ 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 



General Services Administration .......................................................................................... * 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 * 




Social Security Administration (On-budget) ......................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 






Department or other unit 

1996 

estimate 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................ 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 



Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 

Commerce ............................................................................................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.8 


Defense—Civil ...................................................................................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 

Education .............................................................................................................................. 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.2 

Energy ................................................................................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.9 



Interior ................................................................................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 

Justice ................................................................................................................................... 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.2 2.9 

Labor ..................................................................................................................................... 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 

State ...................................................................................................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 


Treasury ................................................................................................................................ 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 



General Services Administration .......................................................................................... * 0.1 * * * * * 




Social Security Administration (On-budget) ......................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 


Allowances ............................................................................................................................ * 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.7 1.7 




95 

Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2002 

Category 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 

In millions of current dollars 

Total outlays ............................................................................. 9,468 13,653 35,137 78,555 91,304 92,712 55,232 34,496 29,764 38,835 

National defense 1 .................................................................... 1,660 6,435 25,658 66,699 79,143 82,965 42,681 12,808 9,105 13,150 

Nondefense: 

Payments for individuals ...................................................... 1,657 1,730 1,758 1,647 1,721 2,215 5,673 9,052 9,043 10,065 

Direct payments 2 ............................................................ (1,360) (1,374) (1,348) (1,220) (1,260) (1,784) (5,222) (8,292) (8,208) (9,029) 

Grants to State and local governments .......................... (298) (356) (410) (427) (461) (432) (451) (761) (835) (1,036) 

All other grants .................................................................... 574 491 482 487 449 427 368 842 777 840 

Net Interest 2 ........................................................................ 899 943 1,052 1,529 2,219 3,112 4,111 4,204 4,341 4,523 

All other 2 .............................................................................. 4,995 4,601 7,081 9,414 9,092 5,382 3,867 9,141 8,141 12,035 

Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................ –317 –547 –894 –1,221 –1,320 –1,389 –1,468 –1,552 –1,643 –1,779 

Total nondefense ............................................................. 7,808 7,218 9,479 11,856 12,161 9,747 12,551 21,688 20,659 25,685 

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars 

Total outlays ............................................................................. 109.2 150.2 334.0 669.1 825.5 862.4 529.0 276.2 232.5 302.0 

National defense 1 .................................................................... 20.8 69.5 223.7 525.2 680.5 765.4 432.4 122.0 88.3 123.4 

Nondefense: 

Payments for individuals ...................................................... 15.9 15.9 14.9 12.7 12.4 15.3 36.6 53.0 50.2 54.6 

Direct payments 2 ............................................................ (13.1) (12.6) (11.4) (9.4) (9.1) (12.3) (33.7) (48.6) (45.6) (49.0) 

Grants to State and local governments .......................... (2.9) (3.3) (3.5) (3.3) (3.3) (3.0) (2.9) (4.5) (4.6) (5.6) 

All other grants .................................................................... 6.9 6.2 6.1 5.8 5.2 4.9 3.9 6.6 6.3 6.3 

Net Interest 2 ........................................................................ 8.8 8.9 9.4 13.2 18.9 25.7 29.8 25.5 25.0 25.0 

All other 2 .............................................................................. 61.5 58.8 93.3 129.7 126.8 70.3 43.5 83.6 79.7 109.7 

Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................ –4.8 –9.0 –13.2 –17.5 –18.7 –18.5 –17.4 –14.4 –16.9 –17.1 

Total nondefense ............................................................. 88.3 80.6 110.3 143.9 144.8 97.8 96.4 154.1 144.3 178.6 


Total outlays ............................................................................. 9.7 11.8 24.2 43.7 44.2 42.6 25.4 15.1 11.7 14.4 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ........................................................................ 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 




Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .................................................... 97.8 115.4 145.3 179.8 206.7 217.4 217.8 228.5 253.5 269.5 


Total outlays ............................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ........................................................................ 9.5 6.9 3.0 1.9 2.4 3.4 7.4 12.2 14.6 11.6 






Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2002—Continued 

Category 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 42,562 45,514 67,686 76,101 70,855 68,444 70,640 76,578 82,405 

National defense 1 ........................................................................................ 13,724 23,566 46,089 52,802 49,266 42,729 42,523 45,430 46,815 

Nondefense: 

Payments for individuals ......................................................................... 13,664 10,279 10,853 10,950 12,610 14,297 15,208 17,027 20,931 

Direct payments 2 ................................................................................ (12,407) (8,955) (9,528) (9,460) (10,999) (12,674) (13,534) (15,226) (18,810) 

Grants to State and local governments ............................................. (1,257) (1,324) (1,325) (1,490) (1,611) (1,623) (1,674) (1,802) (2,121) 

All other grants ........................................................................................ 996 964 1,108 1,332 1,431 1,574 1,877 2,164 2,770 

Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 4,812 4,665 4,701 5,156 4,811 4,850 5,079 5,354 5,604 

All other 2 ................................................................................................. 11,182 8,373 8,313 9,432 6,134 8,488 9,541 10,750 10,670 

Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................................... –1,817 –2,332 –3,377 –3,571 –3,397 –3,493 –3,589 –4,146 –4,385 

Total nondefense ................................................................................ 28,838 21,948 21,597 23,299 21,589 25,715 28,117 31,148 35,590 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 319.3 350.6 507.0 528.5 474.6 450.9 440.9 449.9 458.1 

National defense 1 ........................................................................................ 129.1 215.8 383.1 396.7 363.9 311.9 291.3 291.0 286.2 

Nondefense: 

Payments for individuals ......................................................................... 74.2 52.7 54.0 53.3 60.7 68.5 71.6 78.1 93.7 

Direct payments 2 ................................................................................ (67.3) (45.9) (47.5) (46.0) (53.0) (60.7) (63.7) (69.8) (84.2) 

Grants to State and local governments ............................................. (6.8) (6.8) (6.6) (7.3) (7.8) (7.8) (7.9) (8.3) (9.5) 

All other grants ........................................................................................ 7.8 6.7 7.5 8.6 9.4 10.1 11.7 12.5 14.8 

Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 27.0 24.8 24.6 26.3 24.3 24.1 24.3 24.8 25.4 

All other 2 ................................................................................................. 98.2 73.3 68.9 75.5 46.0 66.1 70.7 74.9 69.2 

Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................................... –17.0 –22.6 –31.5 –31.9 –29.7 –29.7 –28.5 –31.2 –31.2 

Total nondefense ................................................................................ 190.1 134.9 123.6 131.9 110.8 139.1 149.9 159.0 171.9 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 15.6 14.2 19.4 20.4 18.8 17.3 16.6 17.0 18.0 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 




Addendum: GDP ($ billions) ....................................................................... 272.6 321.0 349.2 372.4 377.1 395.5 426.6 449.9 458.8 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 11.3 10.2 6.9 6.8 6.8 7.1 7.2 7.0 6.8 






97 


Category 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 92,098 92,191 97,723 106,821 111,316 118,528 118,228 134,532 157,464 


Nondefense: 




All other grants ........................................................................................ 4,088 4,534 4,497 4,958 5,281 6,571 7,159 8,557 10,387 

Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 5,762 6,947 6,716 6,889 7,740 8,199 8,591 9,386 10,268 





Total outlays ................................................................................................. 480.4 458.2 473.9 511.8 514.4 539.0 530.9 586.2 665.0 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 25.4 29.9 28.4 28.8 32.0 33.5 34.5 36.8 39.0 





Total outlays ................................................................................................. 18.8 17.8 18.4 18.8 18.6 18.5 17.2 17.9 19.4 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 




Addendum: GDP ($ billions) ....................................................................... 489.7 518.3 530.4 567.3 599.0 639.8 686.8 752.7 811.9 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 6.3 7.5 6.9 6.4 7.0 6.9 7.3 7.0 6.5 







Category 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 178,134 183,640 195,649 210,172 230,681 245,707 269,359 332,332 371,792 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 11,090 12,699 14,380 14,841 15,478 17,349 21,449 23,244 26,727 





Total outlays ................................................................................................. 721.5 704.7 707.6 715.1 738.7 749.1 759.4 847.6 885.4 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 40.7 44.6 48.0 47.0 46.8 50.2 58.0 57.0 61.1 





Total outlays ................................................................................................. 20.5 19.4 19.4 19.5 19.6 18.8 18.7 21.4 21.5 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 




Addendum: GDP ($ billions) ....................................................................... 868.0 948.1 1,009.4 1,077.4 1,177.0 1,306.8 1,438.1 1,554.5 1,730.4 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 6.2 6.9 7.4 7.1 6.7 7.1 8.0 7.0 7.2 






99 


Category TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 95,975 409,218 458,746 504,032 590,947 678,249 745,755 808,380 851,888 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 6,949 29,901 35,458 42,636 52,538 68,774 85,044 89,828 111,123 





Total outlays ................................................................................................. 221.0 901.4 944.5 957.0 1,015.5 1,056.3 1,086.3 1,123.5 1,129.1 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 15.4 63.7 70.5 78.2 88.6 105.7 122.0 123.4 146.6 





Total outlays ................................................................................................. 21.1 20.8 20.7 20.2 21.7 22.2 23.2 23.6 22.3 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.9 




Addendum: GDP ($ billions) ....................................................................... 454.8 1,971.4 2,212.6 2,495.9 2,718.9 3,049.1 3,211.3 3,421.9 3,812.0 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 7.2 7.3 7.7 8.5 8.9 10.1 11.4 11.1 13.0 







Category 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 946,499 990,505 1,004,164 1,064,489 1,143,671 1,253,163 1,324,400 1,381,681 1,409,414 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 129,504 136,047 138,652 151,838 169,266 184,221 194,541 199,421 198,811 



Total nondefense ................................................................................ 693,751 717,130 722,165 774,129 840,112 953,832 1,051,108 1,083,331 1,118,328 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 1,209.0 1,230.4 1,213.8 1,245.6 1,284.7 1,353.7 1,366.1 1,381.7 1,374.8 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 165.4 168.9 167.2 176.9 189.2 197.8 200.3 199.4 193.7 



Total nondefense ................................................................................ 902.7 905.7 883.8 911.7 946.4 1,029.1 1,082.8 1,083.3 1,088.5 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 23.1 22.6 21.8 21.5 21.4 22.0 22.6 22.5 21.8 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1 




Addendum: GDP ($ billions) ....................................................................... 4,102.1 4,374.3 4,605.1 4,953.5 5,351.8 5,684.5 5,858.8 6,143.2 6,470.8 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 13.7 13.7 13.8 14.3 14.8 14.7 14.7 14.4 14.1 






101 


Category 1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 1,461,731 1,515,729 1,560,330 1,631,016 1,687,475 1,760,700 1,814,427 1,844,488 1,879,717 


Nondefense: 

Payments for individuals ......................................................................... 822,098 874,558 909,393 962,943 1,009,187 1,055,613 1,102,619 1,148,146 1,210,825 

Direct payments 2 ................................................................................ (686,866) (728,765) (761,795) (806,081) (845,510) (886,143) (927,540) (966,239) (1,019,540) 



Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 202,957 232,169 241,090 247,382 249,859 251,843 248,203 244,963 238,762 



Total nondefense ................................................................................ 1,180,089 1,243,663 1,294,582 1,363,840 1,428,087 1,499,281 1,547,233 1,576,447 1,606,523 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 1,393.2 1,410.6 1,419.6 1,445.6 1,456.1 1,479.6 1,484.6 1,470.4 1,461.3 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 193.3 215.7 219.4 219.6 216.2 212.4 204.0 196.3 186.4 



Total nondefense ................................................................................ 1,122.4 1,155.2 1,177.5 1,208.1 1,231.4 1,258.9 1,264.6 1,255.5 1,247.8 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 21.4 21.1 20.8 20.8 20.5 20.4 20.1 19.4 18.9 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 




Addendum: GDP ($ billions) ....................................................................... 6,830.4 7,186.9 7,484.7 7,853.8 8,218.6 8,611.8 9,042.9 9,493.5 9,965.4 


Total outlays ................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 


Nondefense: 





Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................ 13.9 15.3 15.5 15.2 14.8 14.3 13.7 13.3 12.7 




1 Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. 

2 Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 




Table 7.1—FEDERAL DEBT AT THE END OF YEAR: 1940–2002 

In Millions of Dollars 


End of Fiscal Year 

Gross 

Federal 

Debt 

Less: Held 

by Federal 

Government 

Accounts 

Total 

Equals: Held by the Public 

Federal 

Reserve 

System 


Gross 

Federal 

Debt 

Less: Held 

by Federal 

Government 

Accounts 

Total 


Federal 

Reserve 

System 


1940 .................................... 50,696 7,924 42,772 2,458 40,314 51.8 8.1 43.7 2.5 41.2 

1941 .................................... 57,531 9,308 48,223 2,180 46,043 49.9 8.1 41.8 1.9 39.9 

1942 .................................... 79,200 11,447 67,753 2,640 65,113 54.5 7.9 46.6 1.8 44.8 

1943 .................................... 142,648 14,882 127,766 7,149 120,617 79.3 8.3 71.1 4.0 67.1 

1944 .................................... 204,079 19,283 184,796 14,899 169,897 98.7 9.3 89.4 7.2 82.2 

1945 .................................... 260,123 24,941 235,182 21,792 213,390 119.7 11.5 108.2 10.0 98.2 

1946 .................................... 270,991 29,130 241,861 23,783 218,078 124.4 13.4 111.0 10.9 100.1 

1947 .................................... 257,149 32,810 224,339 21,872 202,467 112.5 14.4 98.2 9.6 88.6 

1948 .................................... 252,031 35,761 216,270 21,366 194,904 99.4 14.1 85.3 8.4 76.9 

1949 .................................... 252,610 38,288 214,322 19,343 194,979 93.7 14.2 79.5 7.2 72.3 

1950 .................................... 256,853 37,830 219,023 18,331 200,692 94.2 13.9 80.3 6.7 73.6 

1951 .................................... 255,288 40,962 214,326 22,982 191,344 79.5 12.8 66.8 7.2 59.6 

1952 .................................... 259,097 44,339 214,758 22,906 191,852 74.2 12.7 61.5 6.6 54.9 

1953 .................................... 265,963 47,580 218,383 24,746 193,637 71.4 12.8 58.6 6.6 52.0 

1954 .................................... 270,812 46,313 224,499 25,037 199,462 71.8 12.3 59.5 6.6 52.9 

1955 .................................... 274,366 47,751 226,616 23,607 203,009 69.4 12.1 57.3 6.0 51.3 

1956 .................................... 272,693 50,537 222,156 23,758 198,398 63.9 11.8 52.1 5.6 46.5 

1957 .................................... 272,252 52,931 219,320 23,035 196,285 60.5 11.8 48.7 5.1 43.6 

1958 .................................... 279,666 53,329 226,336 25,438 200,898 61.0 11.6 49.3 5.5 43.8 

1959 .................................... 287,465 52,764 234,701 26,044 208,657 58.7 10.8 47.9 5.3 42.6 

1960 .................................... 290,525 53,686 236,840 26,523 210,317 56.1 10.4 45.7 5.1 40.6 

1961 .................................... 292,648 54,291 238,357 27,253 211,104 55.2 10.2 44.9 5.1 39.8 

1962 .................................... 302,928 54,918 248,010 29,663 218,347 53.4 9.7 43.7 5.2 38.5 

1963 .................................... 310,324 56,345 253,978 32,027 221,951 51.8 9.4 42.4 5.3 37.1 

1964 .................................... 316,059 59,210 256,849 34,794 222,055 49.4 9.3 40.1 5.4 34.7 

1965 .................................... 322,318 61,540 260,778 39,100 221,678 46.9 9.0 38.0 5.7 32.3 

1966 .................................... 328,498 64,784 263,714 42,169 221,545 43.6 8.6 35.0 5.6 29.4 

1967 .................................... 340,445 73,819 266,626 46,719 219,907 41.9 9.1 32.8 5.8 27.1 

1968 .................................... 368,685 79,140 289,545 52,230 237,315 42.5 9.1 33.4 6.0 27.3 

1969 .................................... 365,769 87,661 278,108 54,095 224,013 38.6 9.2 29.3 5.7 23.6 

1970 .................................... 380,921 97,723 283,198 57,714 225,484 37.7 9.7 28.1 5.7 22.3 

1971 .................................... 408,176 105,140 303,037 65,518 237,519 37.9 9.8 28.1 6.1 22.0 

1972 .................................... 435,936 113,559 322,377 71,426 250,951 37.0 9.6 27.4 6.1 21.3 

1973 .................................... 466,291 125,381 340,910 75,181 265,729 35.7 9.6 26.1 5.8 20.3 

1974 .................................... 483,893 140,194 343,699 80,648 263,051 33.6 9.7 23.9 5.6 18.3 

1975 .................................... 541,925 147,225 394,700 84,993 309,707 34.9 9.5 25.4 5.5 19.9 

1976 .................................... 628,970 151,566 477,404 94,714 382,690 36.3 8.8 27.6 5.5 22.1 

TQ ....................................... 643,561 148,052 495,509 96,702 398,807 35.4 8.1 27.2 5.3 21.9 

1977 .................................... 706,398 157,295 549,103 105,004 444,099 35.8 8.0 27.9 5.3 22.5 

1978 .................................... 776,602 169,477 607,125 115,480 491,645 35.1 7.7 27.4 5.2 22.2 

1979 .................................... 829,470 189,162 640,308 115,594 524,714 33.2 7.6 25.7 4.6 21.0 

1980 .................................... 909,050 199,212 709,838 120,846 588,992 33.4 7.3 26.1 4.4 21.7 

1981 .................................... 994,845 209,507 785,338 124,466 660,872 32.6 6.9 25.8 4.1 21.7 

1982 .................................... 1,137,345 217,560 919,785 134,497 785,288 35.4 6.8 28.6 4.2 24.5 

1983 .................................... 1,371,710 240,114 1,131,596 155,527 976,069 40.1 7.0 33.1 4.5 28.5 

1984 .................................... 1,564,657 264,159 1,300,498 155,122 1,145,376 41.0 6.9 34.1 4.1 30.0 

1985 .................................... 1,817,521 317,612 1,499,908 169,806 1,330,102 44.3 7.7 36.6 4.1 32.4 

1986 .................................... 2,120,629 383,919 1,736,709 190,855 1,545,854 48.5 8.8 39.7 4.4 35.3 

1987 .................................... 2,346,125 457,444 1,888,680 212,040 1,676,640 50.9 9.9 41.0 4.6 36.4 

1988 .................................... 2,601,307 550,507 2,050,799 229,218 1,821,581 52.5 11.1 41.4 4.6 36.8 

1989 .................................... 2,868,039 678,157 2,189,882 220,088 1,969,795 53.6 12.7 40.9 4.1 36.8 

1990 .................................... 3,206,564 795,841 2,410,722 234,410 2,176,312 56.4 14.0 42.4 4.1 38.3 

1991 .................................... 3,598,498 910,362 2,688,137 258,591 2,429,546 61.4 15.5 45.9 4.4 41.5 

1992 .................................... 4,002,136 1,003,302 2,998,834 296,397 2,702,437 65.1 16.3 48.8 4.8 44.0 

1993 .................................... 4,351,416 1,103,945 3,247,471 325,653 2,921,818 67.2 17.1 50.2 5.0 45.2 

1994 .................................... 4,643,705 1,211,588 3,432,117 355,150 3,076,967 68.0 17.7 50.2 5.2 45.0 




103 

Table 7.1—FEDERAL DEBT AT THE END OF YEAR: 1940–2002—Continued 




Gross 

Federal 

Debt 

Less: Held 

by Federal 

Government 

Accounts 

Total 


Federal 

Reserve 

System 


Gross 

Federal 

Debt 

Less: Held 

by Federal 

Government 

Accounts 

Total 


Federal 

Reserve 

System 


1995 .................................... 4,921,018 1,317,645 3,603,373 374,114 3,229,259 68.5 18.3 50.1 5.2 44.9 

1996 .................................... 5,181,930 1,448,967 3,732,964 390,924 3,342,039 69.2 19.4 49.9 5.2 44.7 

1997 estimate ..................... 5,453,677 1,577,902 3,875,775 N/A N/A 69.4 20.1 49.3 N/A N/A 






N/A: Not available. 




Table 7.2—DEBT SUBJECT TO STATUTORY LIMIT: 1940–2002 



Debt 

Subject to 

Limit 


Debt 

Subject to 

Limit 


Debt 

Subject to 

Limit 


Debt 

Subject to 

Limit 

1940 ................................... 43,219 1956 ................................... 270,619 1972 ................................... 427,751 1987 ................................... 2,336,014 

1941 ................................... 49,494 1957 ................................... 269,120 1973 ................................... 458,264 1988 ................................... 2,586,869 

1942 ................................... 74,154 1958 ................................... 275,395 1974 ................................... 475,181 1989 ................................... 2,829,770 

1943 ................................... 140,469 1959 ................................... 282,419 1975 ................................... 534,207 1990 ................................... 3,161,223 

1944 ................................... 208,077 1960 ................................... 283,827 1976 ................................... 621,556 1991 ................................... 3,569,300 

1945 ................................... 268,671 1961 ................................... 286,308 TQ ...................................... 635,822 1992 ................................... 3,972,578 

1946 ................................... 268,932 1962 ................................... 295,374 1977 ................................... 699,963 1993 ................................... 4,315,571 

1947 ................................... 255,767 1963 ................................... 302,923 1978 ................................... 772,691 1994 ................................... 4,605,338 

1948 ................................... 250,381 1964 ................................... 308,583 1979 ................................... 827,615 1995 ................................... 4,884,605 

1949 ................................... 250,965 1965 ................................... 314,126 1980 ................................... 908,723 1996 ................................... 5,137,195 

1950 ................................... 255,382 1966 ................................... 316,293 1981 ................................... 998,818 1997 estimate .................... 5,410,721 

1951 ................................... 253,284 1967 ................................... 323,143 1982 ................................... 1,142,913 1998 estimate .................... 5,696,585 

1952 ................................... 257,233 1968 ................................... 348,534 1983 ................................... 1,377,953 1999 estimate .................... 5,973,397 

1953 ................................... 264,220 1969 ................................... 356,107 1984 ................................... 1,572,975 2000 estimate .................... 6,233,301 

1954 ................................... 269,379 1970 ................................... 372,600 1985 ................................... 1,823,775 2001 estimate .................... 6,446,880 

1955 ................................... 272,348 1971 ................................... 398,650 1986 ................................... 2,110,975 2002 estimate .................... 6,614,658


105 

Date and Act 

Table 7.3—STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940–CURRENT 

History of Legislation 

Dollar Amount of 

Limit 

June 25, 1940 

54 Stat. 526 .............. Amended sec. 21, adding new authority for issuance of $4 billion National Defense Series obligations outstanding ............................... 49,000,000,000 

February 19, 1941 

55 Stat. 7 .................. Amended sec. 21, eliminating authority for $4 billion of National Defense Series obligations and increasing limitation to ....................... 65,000,000,000 

March 28, 1942 

56 Stat. 189 .............. Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to ....................................................................................................................................................... 125,000,000,000 

April 11, 1943 

57 Stat. 63 ................ Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to ....................................................................................................................................................... 210,000,000,000 

June 9, 1944 

58 Stat. 272 .............. Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to ....................................................................................................................................................... 260,000,000,000 

April 3, 1945 

59 Stat. 47 ................ Amended sec. 21, including obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States and increasing 

limitation to ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 300,000,000,000 

June 26, 1946 

60 Stat. 316 .............. Amended sec. 21, defining face amount of savings bonds to be current redemption value and decreasing limitation to ......................... 275,000,000,000 

August 28, 1954 

68 Stat. 895 .............. Increasing sec. 21 limitation by $6 billion during period beginning August 28, 1954, and ending June 30, 1955 ..................................... 281,000,000,000 

June 30, 1955 

69 Stat. 241 .............. Amended act of August 28,1954, extending increase in limitation until June 30, 1956 ............................................................................... 281,000,000,000 

July 9, 1956 

70 Stat. 519 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation by $3 billion during period beginning July 1, 1956, and ending June 30, 1957 ............................................ 278,000,000,000 

Temporary increase terminated July 1, 1957, and limitation reverted to ....................................................................................................... 275,000,000,000 


72 Stat. 27 ................ Increased sec. 21 limitation by $5 billion during period beginning February 26, 1958, and ending June 30, 1959 .................................. 280,000,000,000 

September 2, 1958 

72 Stat. 1758 ............ Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $283 billion, which with temporary increase of February 26, 1958 made limitation ................ 288,000,000,000 

June 30, 1959 

73 Stat. 156 .............. Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $285 billion and increased sec. 21 limitation by $10 billion during period 

beginning July 1, 1959, and ending June 30, 1960 ....................................................................................................................................... 295,000,000,000 

June 30, 1960 

74 Stat. 290 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation by $8 billion during period beginning July 1, 1960, and ending June 30, 1961 ............................................ 293,000,000,000 

June 30, 1961 

75 Stat. 148 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation by $13 billion during period beginning July 1, 1961, and ending June 30, 1962 .......................................... 298,000,000,000 

March 13, 1962 

76 Stat. 23 ................ Increased sec. 21 limitation by $2 billion (in addition to temporary increase of $13 billion in act of June 30, 1961) 

during period beginning March 13, 1962, and ending June 30, 1962 ........................................................................................................... 300,000,000,000 

July 1, 1962 

76 Stat. 124 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods: 

(1) beginning July 1, 1962, and ending March 31, 1963, to .......................................................................................................................... 308,000,000,000 

(2) beginning April 1, 1963, and ending June 24, 1963, to ........................................................................................................................... 305,000,000,000 

(3) beginning June 25, 1963, and ending June 30, 1963, to ........................................................................................................................ 300,000,000,000 

May 29, 1963 

77 Stat. 90 ................ Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods: 

(1) beginning May 29, 1963, and ending June 30, 1963, to ......................................................................................................................... 307,000,000,000 

(2) beginning July 1, 1963, and ending August 31, 1963, to ........................................................................................................................ 309,000,000,000 

August 27, 1963 

77 Stat. 131 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning September 1, 1963, and ending November 30, 1963, to .................................. 309,000,000,000 

November 26, 1963 


(1) beginning December 1, 1963, and ending June 29, 1964, to .................................................................................................................. 315,000,000,000 

(2) ending June 30, 1964, to ........................................................................................................................................................................... 309,000,000,000 

June 29, 1964 

78 Stat. 225 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 29, 1964, and ending June 30, 1965, to ................................................... 324,000,000,000 

June 24, 1965 

79 Stat. 172 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning July 1, 1965, and ending June 30, 1966, to ...................................................... 328,000,000,000 

June 24, 1966 

80 Stat. 221 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning July 1, 1966, and ending June 30, 1967, to ...................................................... 330,000,000,000 

March 2, 1967 

81 Stat. 4 .................. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning March 2, 1967, and ending June 30, 1967, to .................................................. 336,000,000,000


Table 7.3—STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940–CURRENT—Continued 

Date and Act 



Limit 

June 30, 1967 

81 Stat. 99 ................ Sec. 21 amended to increase limitation on aggregate outstanding at any time to ....................................................................................... 358,000,000,000 

Sec. 21 amended also to increase the limitation temporarily, beginning July 1, 1968, and each July 1 thereafter for the 

period beginning July 1 and ending June 29 of each succeeding calendar year by $7 billion, providing an operating 

limitation of ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 365,000,000,000 

April 7, 1969 

83 Stat. 7 .................. Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $365 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $12 billion during period 

beginning April 7, 1969, and ending June 30, 1970 ...................................................................................................................................... 377,000,000,000 

June 30, 1970 

84 Stat. 368 .............. Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $380 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $15 billion during period 

beginning July 1, 1970, and ending June 30, 1971 ....................................................................................................................................... 395,000,000,000 

March 17, 1971 

85 Stat. 5 .................. Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $400 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $30 billion during period 

beginning March 17, 1971, and ending June 30, 1972 .................................................................................................................................. 430,000,000,000 

March 15, 1972 

86 Stat. 63 ................ Amended sec. 21, to further increase the limitation temporarily by $20 billion during period beginning March 15, 1972, and 

ending June 30, 1972 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 450,000,000,000 

July 1, 1972 

86 Stat. 406 .............. Amended act of March 15, 1972, striking out June 30, 1972, and inserting in lieu thereof October 31, 1972 .......................................... 450,000,000,000 

October 27, 1972 

86 Stat. 1324 ............ Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning November 1, 1972, and ending June 30, 1973 ................................................. 465,000,000,000 

July 1, 1973 

86 Stat. 1324 ............ Amended act of October 27, 1972, striking out June 30, 1973, and inserting in lieu thereof November 30, 1973 ................................... 465,000,000,000 

December 3, 1973 

87 Stat. 691 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning December 3, 1973, and ending June 30, 1974 ................................................. 475,700,000,000 

June 30, 1974 

88 Stat. 285 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 30, 1974, and ending March 31, 1975 ...................................................... 495,000,000,000 


89 Stat. 5 .................. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning February 19, 1975, and ending June 30, 1975 ................................................. 577,000,000,000 

June 30, 1975 

89 Stat. 246 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 30, 1975, and ending November 15, 1975 ............................................... 577,000,000,000 


89 Stat. 693 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning November 14, 1975, and ending March 15, 1976 ............................................. 595,000,000,000 

March 15, 1976 

90 Stat. 217 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning March 15, 1976, and ending June 30, 1976 ...................................................... 627,000,000,000 

June 30, 1976 


(1) beginning July 1, 1976, and ending September 30, 1976, to .................................................................................................................. 636,000,000,000 

(2) beginning October 1, 1976, and ending March 31, 1977, to ................................................................................................................... 682,000,000,000 

(3) beginning April 1, 1977, and ending September 30, 1977, to ................................................................................................................. 700,000,000,000 

Temporary increase terminated October 1, 1977, and limitation reverted to ................................................................................................ 400,000,000,000 


91 Stat. 1090 ............ Increased sec. 21 limitation by $352 billion during the period beginning October 4, 1977, and ending March 31, 1978 ......................... 752,000,000,000 

March 27, 1978 

92 Stat. 185 .............. Amended act of October 4, 1977, striking out March 31, 1978, and inserting in lieu thereof July 31, 1978 ............................................. 752,000,000,000 

Temporary increase terminated August 1, 1978, and limitation reverted to .................................................................................................. 400,000,000,000 

August 3, 1978 

92 Stat. 419 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation by $398 billion during the period beginning August 3, 1978, and ending March 31, 1979 ........................... 798,000,000,000 

Temporary increase terminated April 1, 1979, and limitation reverted to ...................................................................................................... 400,000,000,000 

April 2, 1979 

93 Stat. 8 .................. Increased sec. 21 limitation by $430 billion during the period beginning April 2, 1979, and ending September 30, 1979 ....................... 830,000,000,000 


93 Stat. 589 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation by $479 billion during the period beginning September 29, 1979, and ending May 31, 1980 ...................... 879,000,000,000 

May 30, 1980 

94 Stat. 421 .............. Amended act of September 29, 1979, striking out May 31, 1980, and inserting in lieu thereof June 5, 1980 .......................................... 879,000,000,000 

June 6, 1980 

94 Stat. 439 .............. Amended act of September 29, 1979, striking out June 5, 1980, and inserting in lieu thereof June 30, 1980 ......................................... 879,000,000,000 

June 28, 1980 

94 Stat. 598 .............. Increased sec. 21 limitation by $525 billion during the period beginning June 28, 1980, and ending February 28, 1981 ........................ 925,000,000,000 


94 Stat. 3261 ............ Increased the total debt limit (composed of $400.0 billion of permanent ceiling, $535.1 billion of temporary ceiling) to ........................... 935,100,000,000


107 

Date and Act 




Limit 


95 Stat. 4 .................. Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $585.0 billion through September 30, 1980, raising the total debt 

ceiling to ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 985,000,000,000 


95 Stat. 955 .............. Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $599.8 billion for one day—September 30, 1981 ...................................................... 999,800,000,000 


95 Stat. 956 .............. Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $679.8 billion through September 30, 1982 ............................................................... 1,079,800,000,000 

June 28, 1982 

96 Stat. 130 .............. Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $743.1 billion through September 30, 1982 ............................................................... 1,143,100,000,000 


96 Stat. 1156 ............ Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $890.2 billion through September 30, 1983 ............................................................... 1,290,200,000,000 

May 26, 1983 

97 Stat. 196 .............. Eliminated the distinction between permanent and temporary limit with the enactment of a single permanent limit. 

Raised the debt limit to .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1,389,000,000,000 


97 Stat. 1012 ............ Increased the debt limit to ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1,490,000,000,000 

May 25, 1984 

98 Stat. 217 .............. Increased the debt limit to ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1,520,000,000,000 

July 6, 1984 

98 Stat. 313 .............. Increased the debt limit to ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1,573,000,000,000 




99 Stat. 814 .............. Increased the debt limit temporarily through December 6, 1985 to ............................................................................................................... 1,903,800,000,000 



August 21, 1986 



100 Stat. 1874 .......... Increased the debt limit temporarily through May 15, 1987 to ...................................................................................................................... 2,300,000,000,000 

May 15, 1987 

101 Stat. 308 ............ Increased the debt limit temporarily through July 17, 1987 to ....................................................................................................................... 2,320,000,000,000 

July 30, 1987 

101 Stat. 542 ............ Increased the debt limit temporarily through August 6, 1987 to .................................................................................................................... 2,320,000,000,000 

August 10, 1987 

101 Stat. 550 ............ Increased the debt limit temporarily through September 23, 1987 to ............................................................................................................ 2,352,000,000,000 




103 Stat. 182 ............ Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 31, 1989 to ................................................................................................................ 2,870,000,000,000 




104 Stat. 403 ............ Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 2, 1990 to .................................................................................................................. 3,195,000,000,000 


104 Stat. 878 ............ Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 6, 1990 to .................................................................................................................. 3,195,000,000,000 


104 Stat. 894 ............ Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 19, 1990 to ................................................................................................................ 3,195,000,000,000 


104 Stat. 1030 .......... Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 24, 1990 to ................................................................................................................ 3,195,000,000,000 


104 Stat. 1075 .......... Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 27, 1990 to ................................................................................................................ 3,195,000,000,000 


104 Stat. 1086 .......... Increased the debt limit temporarily through November 5, 1990 to ............................................................................................................... 3,230,000,000,000 


104 Stat. 1388–560 Increased the debt limit to ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4,145,000,000,000 

April 6, 1993 

107 Stat. 42 .............. Increased the debt limit temporarily through September 30, 1993 to ............................................................................................................ 4,370,000,000,000 

August 10, 1993 

107 Stat. 312 ............ Increased the debt limit to ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4,900,000,000,000



Date and Act 



Limit 


110 Stat. 55 .............. Temporarily exempted from limit obligations in an amount equal to the monthly insurance benefits payable under Title II of 

the Social Security Act in March 1996, the exemption to expire on the earlier of an increase in the limit or March 15, 1996. 

March 12, 1996 

110 Stat. 825 ............ Temporarily exempted from limit (a) obligations in an amount equal to the monthly insurance benefits payable under Title II of 

the Social Security Act in March 1996 and (b) certain obligations issued to trust funds and other Federal Government accounts, 

both exemptions to expire on the earlier of an increase in the limit or March 30, 1996. 

March 29, 1996 

110 Stat. 875 ............ Increased the debt limit to ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5,500,000,000,000


109 

Table 8.1—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962–2002 

(in billions of dollars) 

Discretionary 

Mandatory and Net Interest 

Mandatory 

Fiscal Year 

Total 

Outlays 

Total 

National 

Defense 

Domestic 

Total 

Total 

Total 

Social 

Security 

Programmatic 

Deposit 

Insurance 

Means 

Tested 

Entitlements 

1 


International 

Undistributed 

Offsetting 

Receipts 

2 

Net 

Interest 

1962 .................................. 106.8 72.1 52.6 5.5 14.0 34.7 27.9 33.1 14.0 –0.4 4.3 15.1 –5.3 6.9 

1963 .................................. 111.3 75.3 53.7 5.2 16.3 36.0 28.3 34.1 15.5 –0.4 4.7 14.3 –5.8 7.7 

1964 .................................. 118.5 79.1 55.0 4.6 19.5 39.4 31.2 36.9 16.2 –0.4 5.0 16.1 –5.7 8.2 

1965 .................................. 118.2 77.8 51.0 4.7 22.1 40.4 31.8 37.8 17.1 –0.4 5.2 15.8 –5.9 8.6 

1966 .................................. 134.5 90.1 59.0 5.1 26.1 44.4 35.0 41.6 20.3 –0.5 5.8 16.0 –6.5 9.4 

1967 .................................. 157.5 106.4 72.0 5.3 29.1 51.0 40.7 48.0 21.3 –0.4 6.2 20.9 –7.3 10.3 

1968 .................................. 178.1 117.9 82.2 4.9 30.9 60.2 49.1 57.1 23.3 –0.5 7.5 26.8 –8.0 11.1 

1969 .................................. 183.6 117.3 82.7 4.1 30.5 66.4 53.7 61.7 26.7 –0.6 8.6 26.9 –8.0 12.7 

1970 .................................. 195.6 120.2 81.9 4.0 34.3 75.5 61.1 69.7 29.6 –0.5 10.1 30.5 –8.6 14.4 

1971 .................................. 210.2 122.5 79.0 3.8 39.7 87.7 72.9 83.0 35.1 –0.4 13.4 34.9 –10.1 14.8 

1972 .................................. 230.7 128.4 79.3 4.6 44.5 102.2 86.8 96.3 39.4 –0.6 16.9 40.7 –9.6 15.5 

1973 .................................. 245.7 130.2 77.1 4.8 48.3 115.5 98.1 111.5 48.2 –0.8 16.7 47.4 –13.4 17.3 

1974 .................................. 269.4 138.1 80.7 6.2 51.1 131.3 109.8 126.6 55.0 –0.6 20.2 52.1 –16.7 21.4 

1975 .................................. 332.3 157.8 87.6 8.2 62.0 174.5 151.3 164.9 63.6 0.5 25.7 75.2 –13.6 23.2 

1976 .................................. 371.8 175.3 89.9 7.5 77.9 196.5 169.8 184.2 72.7 –0.6 30.5 81.6 –14.4 26.7 

TQ ..................................... 96.0 47.9 22.3 3.3 22.3 48.0 41.1 45.3 19.5 –0.1 7.6 18.3 –4.2 6.9 

1977 .................................. 409.2 196.8 97.5 8.0 91.3 212.4 182.5 197.4 83.7 –2.8 33.2 83.2 –14.9 29.9 

1978 .................................. 458.7 218.5 104.6 8.5 105.3 240.3 204.8 220.6 92.4 –1.0 35.2 93.9 –15.7 35.5 

1979 .................................. 504.0 239.7 116.8 9.1 113.8 264.4 221.7 239.2 102.6 –1.7 38.3 100.1 –17.5 42.6 

1980 .................................. 590.9 276.1 134.6 12.8 128.7 314.9 262.3 282.3 117.1 –0.4 45.0 120.6 –19.9 52.5 

1981 .................................. 678.2 307.8 158.0 13.6 136.1 370.5 301.7 329.8 137.9 –1.4 51.6 141.6 –28.0 68.8 

1982 .................................. 745.8 325.8 185.9 12.9 127.0 419.9 334.9 361.0 153.9 –2.1 51.8 157.4 –26.1 85.0 

1983 .................................. 808.4 353.1 209.9 13.6 129.7 455.2 365.4 399.4 168.5 –1.2 56.9 175.2 –34.0 89.8 

1984 .................................. 851.9 379.2 228.0 16.3 134.9 472.6 361.5 393.5 176.1 –0.8 58.0 160.3 –32.0 111.1 

1985 .................................. 946.5 415.7 253.1 17.4 145.2 530.8 401.3 434.0 186.4 –2.2 62.2 187.5 –32.7 129.5 

1986 .................................. 990.5 438.4 273.8 17.7 146.8 552.1 416.1 449.1 196.5 1.5 66.1 184.9 –33.0 136.0 

1987 .................................. 1,004.2 444.0 282.5 15.2 146.3 560.1 421.5 463.8 205.1 3.1 70.0 185.6 –42.3 138.7 

1988 .................................. 1,064.5 464.3 290.9 15.7 157.7 600.2 448.3 493.0 216.8 10.0 77.1 189.1 –44.7 151.8 

1989 .................................. 1,143.7 488.7 304.0 16.6 168.1 655.0 485.7 530.0 230.4 22.0 84.1 193.6 –44.3 169.3 

1990 .................................. 1,253.2 500.4 300.1 19.1 181.2 752.7 568.5 605.2 246.5 57.9 94.1 206.7 –36.7 184.2 

1991 .................................. 1,324.4 533.3 319.7 19.7 193.9 791.1 596.6 635.9 266.8 66.2 115.2 187.8 –39.4 194.5 

1992 .................................. 1,381.7 534.5 302.6 19.2 212.7 847.2 647.8 687.1 285.2 2.6 141.1 258.2 –39.3 199.4 

1993 .................................. 1,409.4 541.0 292.4 21.6 226.9 868.5 669.7 707.0 302.0 –28.0 156.4 276.6 –37.4 198.8 

1994 .................................. 1,461.7 543.9 282.3 20.8 240.8 917.9 714.9 752.7 316.9 –7.6 170.4 273.0 –37.8 203.0 

1995 .................................. 1,515.7 545.6 273.6 20.1 252.0 970.1 737.9 782.4 333.3 –17.9 181.6 285.4 –44.5 232.2 

1996 .................................. 1,560.3 534.4 266.0 18.3 250.1 1,026.0 784.9 822.5 347.1 –8.4 187.3 296.5 –37.6 241.1 

1997 estimate ................... 1,631.0 550.0 268.0 19.6 262.5 1,081.0 833.6 880.1 364.2 –12.1 202.3 325.6 –46.5 247.4 

1998 estimate ................... 1,687.5 547.5 260.1 19.3 268.0 1,140.0 890.2 945.7 380.9 –4.0 213.2 355.6 –55.6 249.9 

1999 estimate ................... 1,760.7 557.5 262.1 19.9 275.5 1,203.2 951.3 994.9 398.6 –2.0 223.2 375.1 –43.5 251.8 

2000 estimate ................... 1,814.4 563.9 267.7 19.1 277.1 1,250.5 1,002.3 1,048.3 417.7 –1.1 235.3 396.4 –46.0 248.2 

2001 estimate ................... 1,844.5 561.0 268.6 18.9 273.5 1,283.5 1,038.5 1,088.5 438.0 –1.6 240.5 411.6 –50.1 245.0 

2002 estimate ................... 1,879.7 567.2 273.9 19.0 274.3 1,312.5 1,073.8 1,141.7 459.7 –1.5 255.3 428.2 –68.0 238.8 

1 Includes Medicaid, food stamps, family support assistance (AFDC), supplemental security income (SSI), child nutrition programs, earned income tax credits (EITC and HITC), 

welfare contingency fund, child care entitlement to States, temporary assistance to needy families and veterans pensions. 

2 Including asset sales.


Table 8.2—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002 


Discretionary 


Mandatory 

Fiscal Year 

Total 

Outlays 

Total 

National 

Defense 

Domestic 

Total 

Total 

Total 


Security 

Programmatic 

Deposit 

Insurance 

Means 

Tested 

Entitlements 

1 


International 

Undistributed 

Offsetting 

Receipts 

2 

Net 

Interest 

1962 .................................. 511.9 369.3 268.2 29.1 72.0 142.6 113.7 144.5 59.2 –2.1 18.3 69.2 –30.8 28.8 

1963 .................................. 514.4 370.3 263.5 26.4 80.4 144.1 112.1 145.1 64.3 –2.1 19.6 63.3 –33.0 32.0 

1964 .................................. 539.1 381.3 267.0 22.1 92.2 157.7 124.3 155.5 66.7 –2.1 20.5 70.4 –31.2 33.5 

1965 .................................. 530.7 370.8 247.6 21.9 101.4 159.9 125.4 156.4 69.1 –1.8 21.2 68.0 –31.0 34.5 

1966 .................................. 586.2 413.3 274.9 22.6 115.8 172.9 136.1 168.6 80.4 –2.2 23.1 67.3 –32.5 36.8 

1967 .................................. 664.9 471.5 322.5 23.2 125.7 193.4 154.4 189.4 82.3 –1.7 24.0 84.9 –35.1 39.0 

1968 .................................. 721.6 499.2 350.2 20.4 128.6 222.4 181.8 218.6 87.2 –2.2 28.2 105.4 –36.8 40.7 

1969 .................................. 704.6 469.7 334.3 16.1 119.3 234.9 190.3 224.7 96.1 –2.4 31.1 100.0 –34.5 44.6 

1970 .................................. 707.6 451.8 311.6 14.6 125.6 255.8 207.9 242.1 102.1 –1.8 34.7 107.1 –34.2 48.0 

1971 .................................. 715.2 431.3 283.5 12.9 135.0 283.8 236.8 273.8 115.5 –1.3 43.9 115.7 –37.0 47.0 

1972 .................................. 738.6 418.0 262.8 14.3 140.9 320.6 273.8 305.2 124.5 –1.9 53.5 129.2 –31.4 46.8 

1973 .................................. 749.2 399.5 240.8 14.1 144.5 349.8 299.5 340.2 146.7 –2.4 50.9 145.0 –40.7 50.2 

1974 .................................. 759.5 391.9 232.2 17.1 142.6 367.6 309.6 357.2 155.2 –1.7 56.9 146.8 –47.6 58.0 

1975 .................................. 847.7 403.8 226.9 20.4 156.4 443.9 386.9 422.1 163.1 1.3 65.8 192.0 –35.3 57.0 

1976 .................................. 885.5 416.9 217.4 17.3 182.2 468.6 407.5 442.0 174.9 –1.3 73.3 195.1 –34.6 61.1 

TQ ..................................... 221.0 110.0 52.2 7.4 50.4 111.0 95.6 105.3 45.3 –0.1 17.7 42.4 –9.7 15.4 

1977 .................................. 901.4 430.1 217.0 16.9 196.1 471.3 407.6 439.7 186.9 –5.9 74.2 184.5 –32.1 63.7 

1978 .................................. 944.5 447.2 217.7 17.0 212.5 497.3 426.8 458.7 193.0 –2.0 73.4 194.2 –31.9 70.5 

1979 .................................. 956.9 453.0 222.6 17.0 213.3 503.9 425.8 459.2 197.5 –3.3 73.7 191.2 –33.4 78.2 

1980 .................................. 1,015.5 472.0 230.4 21.9 219.7 543.5 454.9 490.0 203.6 –0.6 78.2 208.8 –35.0 88.6 

1981 .................................. 1,056.3 472.8 242.5 20.9 209.4 583.4 477.7 521.4 218.8 –2.1 81.9 222.9 –43.7 105.7 

1982 .................................. 1,086.3 466.4 264.6 18.6 183.3 619.8 497.8 536.2 229.3 –3.0 77.1 232.7 –38.4 122.0 

1983 .................................. 1,123.5 481.3 284.0 18.7 178.6 642.1 518.8 566.3 239.7 –1.6 80.9 247.3 –47.6 123.4 

1984 .................................. 1,129.0 488.9 288.2 21.6 179.1 640.1 493.5 536.8 240.8 –1.1 79.2 217.9 –43.4 146.6 

1985 .................................. 1,208.9 514.9 306.6 22.3 186.0 694.0 528.6 571.2 246.2 –2.8 82.1 245.7 –42.6 165.4 

1986 .................................. 1,230.4 530.5 325.3 22.2 183.0 700.0 531.1 573.1 251.4 1.9 84.6 235.2 –42.1 168.9 

1987 .................................. 1,213.8 525.3 330.6 18.5 176.3 688.5 521.3 573.3 254.0 3.8 86.7 228.9 –52.0 167.2 

1988 .................................. 1,245.6 536.1 334.5 18.4 183.2 709.5 532.6 585.4 257.9 11.7 91.6 224.2 –52.8 176.9 

1989 .................................. 1,284.7 545.1 338.9 18.6 187.7 739.6 550.4 600.5 261.3 24.6 95.3 219.2 –50.1 189.2 

1990 .................................. 1,353.7 541.1 325.5 20.7 194.9 812.6 614.8 655.0 266.9 62.8 101.8 223.5 –40.1 197.8 

1991 .................................. 1,366.1 550.2 331.4 20.2 198.7 815.8 615.6 656.0 275.6 67.8 119.0 193.7 –40.4 200.3 

1992 .................................. 1,381.7 534.5 302.6 19.2 212.7 847.2 647.8 687.1 285.2 2.6 141.1 258.2 –39.3 199.4 

1993 .................................. 1,374.7 528.8 287.5 20.9 220.4 845.8 652.1 687.8 293.7 –27.1 152.1 269.1 –35.7 193.7 

1994 .................................. 1,393.2 518.7 271.5 19.4 227.8 874.5 681.2 715.7 301.1 –7.1 161.9 259.8 –34.5 193.3 

1995 .................................. 1,410.7 507.9 256.9 18.4 232.6 902.8 687.1 726.2 309.0 –16.3 168.4 265.1 –39.1 215.7 

1996 .................................. 1,419.6 483.3 242.3 16.2 224.8 936.3 716.9 748.4 315.4 –7.4 170.2 270.2 –31.5 219.4 

1997 estimate ................... 1,445.5 485.1 238.1 16.9 230.0 960.5 740.8 778.8 322.0 –10.4 178.8 288.4 –37.9 219.6 

1998 estimate ................... 1,456.1 468.6 225.3 16.0 227.3 987.5 771.3 815.5 328.2 –3.3 183.7 307.0 –44.2 216.2 

1999 estimate ................... 1,479.6 465.8 221.3 16.2 228.3 1,013.9 801.5 835.2 334.4 –1.6 187.2 315.2 –33.7 212.4 

2000 estimate ................... 1,484.5 458.3 220.3 15.0 223.0 1,026.2 822.2 856.9 341.2 –0.9 192.2 324.4 –34.8 204.0 

2001 estimate ................... 1,470.4 444.6 215.4 14.6 214.6 1,025.9 829.6 866.5 348.3 –1.2 191.3 328.0 –36.9 196.3 

2002 estimate ................... 1,461.3 438.6 214.1 14.3 210.2 1,022.7 836.2 885.0 356.0 –1.1 197.7 332.3 –48.8 186.4 





111 

Table 8.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962–2002 

Discretionary 


Mandatory 

Fiscal Year 

Total 

Outlays 

Total 

National 

Defense 

Domestic 

Total 

Total 

Total 


Security 

Programmatic 

Deposit 

Insurance 

Means 

Tested 

Entitlements 

1 


International 

Undistributed 

Offsetting 

Receipts 

2 

Net 

Interest 

1962 .................................. 100.0 67.5 49.2 5.2 13.1 32.5 26.1 31.0 13.2 –0.4 4.1 14.2 –4.9 6.4 

1963 .................................. 100.0 67.6 48.3 4.7 14.7 32.4 25.4 30.6 13.9 –0.4 4.2 12.9 –5.2 7.0 

1964 .................................. 100.0 66.8 46.4 3.9 16.4 33.2 26.3 31.1 13.7 –0.4 4.2 13.6 –4.8 6.9 

1965 .................................. 100.0 65.8 43.2 4.0 18.7 34.2 26.9 31.9 14.4 –0.3 4.4 13.4 –5.0 7.3 

1966 .................................. 100.0 67.0 43.9 3.8 19.4 33.0 26.0 30.9 15.1 –0.4 4.3 11.9 –4.9 7.0 

1967 .................................. 100.0 67.6 45.7 3.4 18.5 32.4 25.9 30.5 13.5 –0.3 3.9 13.3 –4.6 6.5 

1968 .................................. 100.0 66.2 46.1 2.7 17.4 33.8 27.6 32.1 13.1 –0.3 4.2 15.1 –4.5 6.2 

1969 .................................. 100.0 63.9 45.0 2.2 16.6 36.1 29.2 33.6 14.5 –0.3 4.7 14.7 –4.3 6.9 

1970 .................................. 100.0 61.4 41.9 2.0 17.5 38.6 31.2 35.6 15.2 –0.3 5.2 15.6 –4.4 7.4 

1971 .................................. 100.0 58.3 37.6 1.8 18.9 41.7 34.7 39.5 16.7 –0.2 6.4 16.6 –4.8 7.1 

1972 .................................. 100.0 55.7 34.4 2.0 19.3 44.3 37.6 41.8 17.1 –0.3 7.3 17.6 –4.2 6.7 

1973 .................................. 100.0 53.0 31.4 2.0 19.7 47.0 39.9 45.4 19.6 –0.3 6.8 19.3 –5.5 7.1 

1974 .................................. 100.0 51.3 30.0 2.3 19.0 48.7 40.8 47.0 20.4 –0.2 7.5 19.3 –6.2 8.0 

1975 .................................. 100.0 47.5 26.4 2.5 18.7 52.5 45.5 49.6 19.1 0.2 7.7 22.6 –4.1 7.0 

1976 .................................. 100.0 47.1 24.2 2.0 21.0 52.9 45.7 49.5 19.6 –0.2 8.2 21.9 –3.9 7.2 

TQ ..................................... 100.0 50.0 23.2 3.5 23.3 50.0 42.8 47.2 20.3 –0.1 7.9 19.1 –4.4 7.2 

1977 .................................. 100.0 48.1 23.8 2.0 22.3 51.9 44.6 48.2 20.5 –0.7 8.1 20.3 –3.6 7.3 

1978 .................................. 100.0 47.6 22.8 1.9 22.9 52.4 44.7 48.1 20.2 –0.2 7.7 20.5 –3.4 7.7 

1979 .................................. 100.0 47.6 23.2 1.8 22.6 52.4 44.0 47.5 20.4 –0.3 7.6 19.9 –3.5 8.5 

1980 .................................. 100.0 46.7 22.8 2.2 21.8 53.3 44.4 47.8 19.8 –0.1 7.6 20.4 –3.4 8.9 

1981 .................................. 100.0 45.4 23.3 2.0 20.1 54.6 44.5 48.6 20.3 –0.2 7.6 20.9 –4.1 10.1 

1982 .................................. 100.0 43.7 24.9 1.7 17.0 56.3 44.9 48.4 20.6 –0.3 6.9 21.1 –3.5 11.4 

1983 .................................. 100.0 43.7 26.0 1.7 16.0 56.3 45.2 49.4 20.8 –0.1 7.0 21.7 –4.2 11.1 

1984 .................................. 100.0 44.5 26.8 1.9 15.8 55.5 42.4 46.2 20.7 –0.1 6.8 18.8 –3.8 13.0 

1985 .................................. 100.0 43.9 26.7 1.8 15.3 56.1 42.4 45.8 19.7 –0.2 6.6 19.8 –3.5 13.7 

1986 .................................. 100.0 44.3 27.6 1.8 14.8 55.7 42.0 45.3 19.8 0.2 6.7 18.7 –3.3 13.7 

1987 .................................. 100.0 44.2 28.1 1.5 14.6 55.8 42.0 46.2 20.4 0.3 7.0 18.5 –4.2 13.8 

1988 .................................. 100.0 43.6 27.3 1.5 14.8 56.4 42.1 46.3 20.4 0.9 7.2 17.8 –4.2 14.3 

1989 .................................. 100.0 42.7 26.6 1.5 14.7 57.3 42.5 46.3 20.1 1.9 7.3 16.9 –3.9 14.8 

1990 .................................. 100.0 39.9 24.0 1.5 14.5 60.1 45.4 48.3 19.7 4.6 7.5 16.5 –2.9 14.7 

1991 .................................. 100.0 40.3 24.1 1.5 14.6 59.7 45.0 48.0 20.1 5.0 8.7 14.2 –3.0 14.7 

1992 .................................. 100.0 38.7 21.9 1.4 15.4 61.3 46.9 49.7 20.6 0.2 10.2 18.7 –2.8 14.4 

1993 .................................. 100.0 38.4 20.7 1.5 16.1 61.6 47.5 50.2 21.4 –2.0 11.1 19.6 –2.7 14.1 

1994 .................................. 100.0 37.2 19.3 1.4 16.5 62.8 48.9 51.5 21.7 –0.5 11.7 18.7 –2.6 13.9 

1995 .................................. 100.0 36.0 18.0 1.3 16.6 64.0 48.7 51.6 22.0 –1.2 12.0 18.8 –2.9 15.3 

1996 .................................. 100.0 34.2 17.0 1.2 16.0 65.8 50.3 52.7 22.2 –0.5 12.0 19.0 –2.4 15.5 

1997 estimate ................... 100.0 33.7 16.4 1.2 16.1 66.3 51.1 54.0 22.3 –0.7 12.4 20.0 –2.9 15.2 

1998 estimate ................... 100.0 32.4 15.4 1.1 15.9 67.6 52.8 56.0 22.6 –0.2 12.6 21.1 –3.3 14.8 

1999 estimate ................... 100.0 31.7 14.9 1.1 15.6 68.3 54.0 56.5 22.6 –0.1 12.7 21.3 –2.5 14.3 

2000 estimate ................... 100.0 31.1 14.8 1.1 15.3 68.9 55.2 57.8 23.0 –0.1 13.0 21.8 –2.5 13.7 

2001 estimate ................... 100.0 30.4 14.6 1.0 14.8 69.6 56.3 59.0 23.7 –0.1 13.0 22.3 –2.7 13.3 

2002 estimate ................... 100.0 30.2 14.6 1.0 14.6 69.8 57.1 60.7 24.5 –0.1 13.6 22.8 –3.6 12.7 





Table 8.4—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1962–2002 

Discretionary 


Mandatory 

Fiscal Year 

Total 

Outlays 

Total 

National 

Defense 

Domestic 

Total 

Total 

Total 


Security 

Programmatic 

Deposit 

Insurance 

Means 

Tested 

Entitlements 

1 


International 

Undistributed 

Offsetting 

Receipts 

2 

Net 

Interest 

1962 .................................. 18.8 12.7 9.3 1.0 2.5 6.1 4.9 5.8 2.5 –0.1 0.8 2.7 –0.9 1.2 

1963 .................................. 18.6 12.6 9.0 0.9 2.7 6.0 4.7 5.7 2.6 –0.1 0.8 2.4 –1.0 1.3 

1964 .................................. 18.5 12.4 8.6 0.7 3.0 6.2 4.9 5.8 2.5 –0.1 0.8 2.5 –0.9 1.3 

1965 .................................. 17.2 11.3 7.4 0.7 3.2 5.9 4.6 5.5 2.5 –0.1 0.8 2.3 –0.9 1.3 

1966 .................................. 17.9 12.0 7.8 0.7 3.5 5.9 4.7 5.5 2.7 –0.1 0.8 2.1 –0.9 1.2 

1967 .................................. 19.4 13.1 8.9 0.7 3.6 6.3 5.0 5.9 2.6 –* 0.8 2.6 –0.9 1.3 

1968 .................................. 20.5 13.6 9.5 0.6 3.6 6.9 5.7 6.6 2.7 –0.1 0.9 3.1 –0.9 1.3 

1969 .................................. 19.4 12.4 8.7 0.4 3.2 7.0 5.7 6.5 2.8 –0.1 0.9 2.8 –0.8 1.3 

1970 .................................. 19.4 11.9 8.1 0.4 3.4 7.5 6.1 6.9 2.9 –* 1.0 3.0 –0.9 1.4 

1971 .................................. 19.5 11.4 7.3 0.3 3.7 8.1 6.8 7.7 3.3 –* 1.2 3.2 –0.9 1.4 

1972 .................................. 19.6 10.9 6.7 0.4 3.8 8.7 7.4 8.2 3.3 –0.1 1.4 3.5 –0.8 1.3 

1973 .................................. 18.8 10.0 5.9 0.4 3.7 8.8 7.5 8.5 3.7 –0.1 1.3 3.6 –1.0 1.3 

1974 .................................. 18.7 9.6 5.6 0.4 3.6 9.1 7.6 8.8 3.8 –* 1.4 3.6 –1.2 1.5 

1975 .................................. 21.4 10.2 5.6 0.5 4.0 11.2 9.7 10.6 4.1 * 1.7 4.8 –0.9 1.5 

1976 .................................. 21.5 10.1 5.2 0.4 4.5 11.4 9.8 10.6 4.2 –* 1.8 4.7 –0.8 1.5 

TQ ..................................... 21.1 10.5 4.9 0.7 4.9 10.6 9.0 10.0 4.3 –* 1.7 4.0 –0.9 1.5 

1977 .................................. 20.8 10.0 4.9 0.4 4.6 10.8 9.3 10.0 4.2 –0.1 1.7 4.2 –0.8 1.5 

1978 .................................. 20.7 9.9 4.7 0.4 4.8 10.9 9.3 10.0 4.2 –* 1.6 4.2 –0.7 1.6 

1979 .................................. 20.2 9.6 4.7 0.4 4.6 10.6 8.9 9.6 4.1 –0.1 1.5 4.0 –0.7 1.7 

1980 .................................. 21.7 10.2 5.0 0.5 4.7 11.6 9.6 10.4 4.3 –* 1.7 4.4 –0.7 1.9 

1981 .................................. 22.2 10.1 5.2 0.4 4.5 12.2 9.9 10.8 4.5 –* 1.7 4.6 –0.9 2.3 

1982 .................................. 23.2 10.1 5.8 0.4 4.0 13.1 10.4 11.2 4.8 –0.1 1.6 4.9 –0.8 2.6 

1983 .................................. 23.6 10.3 6.1 0.4 3.8 13.3 10.7 11.7 4.9 –* 1.7 5.1 –1.0 2.6 

1984 .................................. 22.3 9.9 6.0 0.4 3.5 12.4 9.5 10.3 4.6 –* 1.5 4.2 –0.8 2.9 

1985 .................................. 23.1 10.1 6.2 0.4 3.5 12.9 9.8 10.6 4.5 –0.1 1.5 4.6 –0.8 3.2 

1986 .................................. 22.6 10.0 6.3 0.4 3.4 12.6 9.5 10.3 4.5 * 1.5 4.2 –0.8 3.1 

1987 .................................. 21.8 9.6 6.1 0.3 3.2 12.2 9.2 10.1 4.5 0.1 1.5 4.0 –0.9 3.0 

1988 .................................. 21.5 9.4 5.9 0.3 3.2 12.1 9.1 10.0 4.4 0.2 1.6 3.8 –0.9 3.1 

1989 .................................. 21.4 9.1 5.7 0.3 3.1 12.2 9.1 9.9 4.3 0.4 1.6 3.6 –0.8 3.2 

1990 .................................. 22.0 8.8 5.3 0.3 3.2 13.2 10.0 10.6 4.3 1.0 1.7 3.6 –0.6 3.2 

1991 .................................. 22.6 9.1 5.5 0.3 3.3 13.5 10.2 10.9 4.6 1.1 2.0 3.2 –0.7 3.3 

1992 .................................. 22.5 8.7 4.9 0.3 3.5 13.8 10.5 11.2 4.6 * 2.3 4.2 –0.6 3.2 

1993 .................................. 21.8 8.4 4.5 0.3 3.5 13.4 10.3 10.9 4.7 –0.4 2.4 4.3 –0.6 3.1 

1994 .................................. 21.4 8.0 4.1 0.3 3.5 13.4 10.5 11.0 4.6 –0.1 2.5 4.0 –0.6 3.0 

1995 .................................. 21.1 7.6 3.8 0.3 3.5 13.5 10.3 10.9 4.6 –0.2 2.5 4.0 –0.6 3.2 

1996 .................................. 20.8 7.1 3.6 0.2 3.3 13.7 10.5 11.0 4.6 –0.1 2.5 4.0 –0.5 3.2 

1997 estimate ................... 20.8 7.0 3.4 0.2 3.3 13.8 10.6 11.2 4.6 –0.2 2.6 4.1 –0.6 3.1 

1998 estimate ................... 20.5 6.7 3.2 0.2 3.3 13.9 10.8 11.5 4.6 –* 2.6 4.3 –0.7 3.0 

1999 estimate ................... 20.4 6.5 3.0 0.2 3.2 14.0 11.0 11.6 4.6 –* 2.6 4.4 –0.5 2.9 

2000 estimate ................... 20.1 6.2 3.0 0.2 3.1 13.8 11.1 11.6 4.6 –* 2.6 4.4 –0.5 2.7 

2001 estimate ................... 19.4 5.9 2.8 0.2 2.9 13.5 10.9 11.5 4.6 –* 2.5 4.3 –0.5 2.6 

2002 estimate ................... 18.9 5.7 2.7 0.2 2.8 13.2 10.8 11.5 4.6 –* 2.6 4.3 –0.7 2.4 






113 

Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2002 


Category and Program 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 

Mandatory programs: 

Human resource programs: 

Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.3 

Health: 

Medicaid .................................................................................................. 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.7 

Other ........................................................................................................ * * * * * * * * * 

Total health ......................................................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.8 

Medicare ...................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2.5 4.4 5.4 5.8 

Income security: 

General retirement and disability ............................................................ 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 

Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................... 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.5 

Unemployment compensation ................................................................. 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 3.1 

Food and nutrition assistance ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.0 

Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................... 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.6 4.1 

Housing Assistance and Other ............................................................... –* –* –* * –* * * * –* 

Total income security .......................................................................... 8.7 8.8 9.1 8.9 9.1 9.6 11.1 12.3 14.7 

Social Security ............................................................................................. 14.0 15.5 16.2 17.1 20.3 21.3 23.3 26.7 29.6 

Veterans benefits and services: 

Income security for veterans .................................................................. 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.5 

Other ........................................................................................................ 0.4 –* 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 

Total veterans benefits and services ................................................. 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 5.2 5.4 5.8 6.6 

Total mandatory human resources programs ............................... 27.5 29.0 30.2 30.9 35.1 40.7 47.1 53.5 60.9 

Other mandatory programs: 

International affairs ...................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 

Energy .......................................................................................................... –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –* –* * 

Agriculture .................................................................................................... 3.2 3.9 4.1 3.4 1.9 2.3 3.8 5.1 4.3 

Deposit insurance ........................................................................................ –0.4 –0.4 –0.4 –0.4 –0.5 –0.4 –0.5 –0.6 –0.5 

Community and regional development ....................................................... * * * 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

General government .................................................................................... –0.2 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –* * 

Other undistributed offsetting receipts ........................................................ –5.3 –5.8 –5.7 –5.9 –6.5 –7.3 –8.0 –8.0 –8.6 

All other ........................................................................................................ 2.9 1.7 2.9 3.4 4.7 5.3 6.4 3.1 4.5 

Total other mandatory programs ................................................... 0.3 –0.8 1.0 0.9 –0.1 * 2.0 0.1 0.2 

Total mandatory programs .......................................................... 27.9 28.3 31.2 31.8 35.0 40.7 49.1 53.7 61.1 

Net interest: 

Interest on the public debt .............................................................................. 9.1 9.9 10.7 11.3 12.0 13.4 14.6 16.6 19.3 

Interest received by: 

On-budget trust funds .................................................................................. –0.8 –0.9 –1.0 –1.1 –1.3 –1.5 –1.7 –2.0 –2.4 

Off-budget trust funds .................................................................................. –0.6 –0.6 –0.6 –0.6 –0.6 –0.8 –1.0 –1.1 –1.6 

Other interest ................................................................................................... –0.8 –0.7 –0.9 –1.0 –0.7 –0.8 –0.8 –0.8 –1.0 

Total net interest .......................................................................... 6.9 7.7 8.2 8.6 9.4 10.3 11.1 12.7 14.4 

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 34.7 36.0 39.4 40.4 44.4 51.0 60.2 66.4 75.5 

* $50 million or less.


Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2002—Continued 


Category and Program 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 




Health: 

Medicaid .................................................................................................. 3.4 4.6 4.6 5.8 6.8 8.6 2.2 9.9 10.7 

Other ........................................................................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.5 

Total health ......................................................................................... 3.4 4.7 4.8 6.0 7.1 9.0 2.3 10.4 11.2 

Medicare ...................................................................................................... 6.2 7.0 7.6 9.0 12.2 15.0 4.0 18.6 21.8 






Supplemental Security Income ............................................................... ................ ................ ................ 2.0 4.3 4.6 1.2 4.8 5.3 


Earned Income Tax Credit ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.9 

Housing Assistance and Other ............................................................... –* –* –* * –0.1 –* * –* –* 









International affairs ...................................................................................... 0.4 0.2 –0.7 –0.5 –1.1 –1.0 –0.9 –1.7 –1.1 

Energy .......................................................................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 1.2 1.6 0.4 2.0 2.7 

Agriculture .................................................................................................... 3.4 4.3 3.9 1.2 1.9 2.1 0.7 5.5 10.0 

Deposit insurance ........................................................................................ –0.4 –0.6 –0.8 –0.6 0.5 –0.6 –0.1 –2.8 –1.0 

Community and regional development ....................................................... 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.2 1.0 1.1 

General government .................................................................................... –* –* 6.5 6.3 6.7 6.2 1.8 6.9 7.3 


All other ........................................................................................................ 3.9 4.3 3.7 5.6 9.9 5.1 –0.4 1.8 3.4 

Total other mandatory programs ................................................... –2.4 –0.7 0.4 –3.4 6.2 –0.2 –2.3 –2.1 6.7 


Net interest: 










115 



Category and Program 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 



Education, training, employment, and social services .................................................. 5.5 6.2 8.5 7.6 6.4 7.8 7.6 8.0 

Health: 

Medicaid ..................................................................................................................... 12.4 14.0 16.8 17.4 19.0 20.1 22.7 25.0 

Other .......................................................................................................................... 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.7 

Total health ............................................................................................................ 13.0 14.7 17.8 18.5 20.1 21.5 23.9 25.7 

Medicare ......................................................................................................................... 25.5 31.0 37.9 45.3 51.2 56.0 64.1 68.4 


General retirement and disability .............................................................................. 4.0 4.7 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.2 4.9 

Federal employee retirement and disability .............................................................. 22.6 26.6 31.2 34.3 36.5 38.0 38.5 41.3 

Unemployment compensation ................................................................................... 9.8 16.9 18.3 22.3 29.6 17.0 15.8 16.1 

Food and nutrition assistance ................................................................................... 10.1 13.1 15.1 14.4 16.5 16.3 16.7 16.6 

Supplemental Security Income .................................................................................. 4.9 5.7 6.5 6.9 7.9 7.6 8.7 9.3 

Family and Other Support Assistance ...................................................................... 6.6 7.3 8.2 8.0 8.4 8.9 9.2 9.9 

Earned Income Tax Credit ........................................................................................ 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 

Housing Assistance and Other ................................................................................. 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.7 0.5 1.2 13.9 0.9 

Total income security ............................................................................................ 58.9 75.8 86.6 92.9 105.7 95.3 109.1 100.5 

Social Security ................................................................................................................ 102.6 117.1 137.9 153.9 168.5 176.1 186.4 196.5 


Income security for veterans ..................................................................................... 10.8 11.7 12.9 13.7 14.3 14.4 14.7 15.0 


Total veterans benefits and services .................................................................... 13.7 14.0 15.4 15.8 15.9 16.0 15.9 15.7 

Total mandatory human resources programs .................................................. 219.2 258.7 304.0 333.9 367.8 372.6 407.1 414.9 


International affairs ......................................................................................................... –1.7 –0.1 –0.5 –0.6 –1.8 –0.4 –1.2 –3.6 

Energy ............................................................................................................................ 3.1 4.0 4.8 4.9 2.9 0.1 –0.9 –0.3 

Agriculture ....................................................................................................................... 9.7 7.2 9.6 14.2 21.2 11.7 23.4 29.4 

Deposit insurance ........................................................................................................... –1.7 –0.4 –1.4 –2.1 –1.2 –0.8 –2.2 1.5 

Community and regional development .......................................................................... 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.2 

General government ....................................................................................................... 7.5 7.8 6.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 4.9 5.3 

Other undistributed offsetting receipts ........................................................................... –17.5 –19.9 –28.0 –26.1 –34.0 –32.0 –32.7 –33.0 

All other .......................................................................................................................... 1.9 3.1 5.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 1.8 0.7 

Total other mandatory programs ...................................................................... 2.5 3.6 –2.3 1.0 –2.4 –11.1 –5.8 1.2 

Total mandatory programs ............................................................................ 221.7 262.3 301.7 334.9 365.4 361.5 401.3 416.1 

Net interest: 

Interest on the public debt ................................................................................................. 59.9 74.8 95.5 117.2 128.7 153.9 178.9 190.3 


On-budget trust funds .................................................................................................... –7.7 –9.7 –11.5 –14.0 –15.3 –17.0 –21.8 –26.6 

Off-budget trust funds .................................................................................................... –2.2 –2.3 –2.3 –2.1 –1.8 –3.3 –4.1 –4.3 

Other interest ...................................................................................................................... –7.3 –10.2 –13.0 –16.1 –21.7 –22.4 –23.4 –23.3 

Total net interest ............................................................................................. 42.6 52.5 68.8 85.0 89.8 111.1 129.5 136.0 

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ......................................................... 264.4 314.9 370.5 419.9 455.2 472.6 530.8 552.1








Health: 

Medicaid ..................................................................................................................... 27.4 30.5 34.6 41.1 52.5 67.8 75.8 82.0 


Total health ............................................................................................................ 29.3 32.3 35.3 42.9 55.0 71.5 79.8 86.6 

Medicare ......................................................................................................................... 73.4 76.9 82.7 95.8 102.0 116.2 127.9 141.8 









Housing Assistance and Other ................................................................................. 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.2 –0.5 –0.6 –0.7 










Energy ............................................................................................................................ –0.4 –0.7 –2.2 –1.4 –2.0 –0.9 –1.2 –1.2 

Agriculture ....................................................................................................................... 24.5 15.0 14.5 9.3 12.4 11.0 16.1 10.7 

Deposit insurance ........................................................................................................... 3.1 10.0 22.0 57.9 66.2 2.6 –28.0 –7.6 

Community and regional development .......................................................................... 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.7 –0.4 

General government ....................................................................................................... 0.2 1.4 0.7 1.7 1.3 2.0 1.5 –0.4 

Asset Sales (non-routine) .............................................................................................. –7.7 –7.7 –7.1 –0.1 ................ ................ ................ ................ 


All other .......................................................................................................................... 2.2 6.6 4.3 5.8 –37.5 3.2 3.6 2.2 

Total other mandatory programs ...................................................................... –13.7 –12.3 –4.7 32.7 –2.1 –23.9 –49.1 –38.1 


Net interest: 









117 



Category and Program 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 




Health: 

Medicaid ..................................................................................................................... 89.1 92.0 98.5 105.9 111.6 118.2 125.2 133.4 


Total health ............................................................................................................ 93.4 96.8 103.6 113.5 120.0 126.8 134.4 140.1 

Medicare ......................................................................................................................... 156.9 171.3 191.6 204.3 216.8 226.6 243.3 260.5 









Housing Assistance and Other ................................................................................. –0.8 –1.1 –2.0 –2.3 –2.5 –2.7 –2.5 –2.8 





Other .......................................................................................................................... 0.9 0.6 * 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 


Total mandatory human resources programs .................................................. 800.4 835.8 888.1 940.6 988.3 1,036.4 1,081.0 1,136.2 



Energy ............................................................................................................................ –1.8 –3.1 –2.9 –2.8 –3.7 –2.9 –3.1 –4.9 

Agriculture ....................................................................................................................... 5.8 5.0 6.1 8.2 7.6 7.2 6.1 5.9 

Deposit insurance ........................................................................................................... –17.9 –8.4 –12.1 –4.0 –2.0 –1.1 –1.6 –1.5 

Community and regional development .......................................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.5 –0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 * 



All other .......................................................................................................................... –2.4 –2.4 4.2 7.4 7.7 11.4 8.5 8.3 

Total other mandatory programs ...................................................................... –62.5 –51.0 –54.5 –50.5 –36.9 –34.1 –42.6 –62.5 

Total mandatory programs ............................................................................ 737.9 784.9 833.6 890.2 951.3 1,002.3 1,038.5 1,073.8 

Net interest: 







Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ......................................................... 970.1 1,026.0 1,081.0 1,140.0 1,203.2 1,250.5 1,283.5 1,312.5 



Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002 






Health: 

Medicaid .................................................................................................. 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.1 3.1 4.5 6.8 8.2 9.4 

Other ........................................................................................................ * 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Total health ......................................................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 3.2 4.6 6.9 8.4 9.5 

Medicare ...................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 9.4 16.3 19.1 19.9 







Housing Assistance and Other ............................................................... –* –* –0.2 0.1 –* 0.1 0.1 0.1 –* 





Other ........................................................................................................ 1.9 –0.1 0.5 0.2 1.0 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.7 




International affairs ...................................................................................... 0.7 0.3 1.6 2.6 2.3 0.9 1.8 2.0 1.3 

Energy .......................................................................................................... –0.3 –0.6 –0.5 –0.6 –0.6 –0.2 –* –* * 

Agriculture .................................................................................................... 16.7 19.7 19.7 15.9 8.3 10.1 15.9 20.0 16.0 

Deposit insurance ........................................................................................ –2.1 –2.1 –2.1 –1.8 –2.2 –1.7 –2.2 –2.4 –1.8 


General government .................................................................................... –1.2 –0.7 –0.6 –0.5 –0.4 –0.6 –0.6 * 0.1 


All other ........................................................................................................ 14.4 7.7 13.5 15.3 21.3 23.2 27.0 12.3 16.4 

Total other mandatory programs ................................................... –2.3 –8.4 0.5 0.3 –3.4 –2.9 5.5 –2.2 –1.7 


Net interest: 










119 

Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002—Continued 






Health: 

Medicaid .................................................................................................. 11.1 14.6 14.0 16.4 17.6 20.6 5.2 22.1 22.3 


Total health ......................................................................................... 11.3 14.8 14.6 16.9 18.2 21.7 5.5 23.1 23.4 

Medicare ...................................................................................................... 20.3 22.3 23.3 25.4 31.4 36.3 9.5 41.7 45.8 






Supplemental Security Income ............................................................... ................ ................ ................ 5.5 11.1 11.0 2.7 10.7 11.0 


Earned Income Tax Credit ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1.9 0.2 2.0 1.8 

Housing Assistance and Other ............................................................... –* –0.1 –0.1 * –0.2 –* * –0.1 –* 









International affairs ...................................................................................... 1.3 0.6 –2.0 –1.3 –2.7 –2.4 –1.9 –3.5 –2.1 

Energy .......................................................................................................... 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.7 3.0 3.7 0.9 4.2 5.4 

Agriculture .................................................................................................... 11.6 13.5 11.4 3.5 4.9 4.8 1.6 11.7 19.9 

Deposit insurance ........................................................................................ –1.3 –1.9 –2.4 –1.7 1.3 –1.3 –0.1 –5.9 –2.0 


General government .................................................................................... –* * 20.2 17.7 16.8 14.4 4.0 14.9 14.9 


All other ........................................................................................................ 13.3 14.1 11.5 15.6 24.8 11.8 –0.8 3.8 6.8 

Total other mandatory programs ................................................... –10.6 –3.1 1.6 –10.0 14.5 –1.6 –5.6 –4.6 13.1 


Net interest: 
















Health: 

Medicaid ..................................................................................................................... 23.9 24.3 26.7 25.9 27.0 27.4 29.9 32.0 


Total health ............................................................................................................ 25.0 25.6 28.1 27.5 28.6 29.3 31.6 32.9 

Medicare ......................................................................................................................... 49.3 54.0 60.4 67.7 73.1 76.8 84.8 87.7 









Housing Assistance and Other ................................................................................. 0.1 0.3 1.4 1.0 0.8 1.6 17.8 1.2 










Energy ............................................................................................................................ 5.7 6.9 7.4 7.1 3.9 0.1 –1.2 –0.4 

Agriculture ....................................................................................................................... 18.0 12.4 14.6 20.4 29.1 15.4 30.0 36.8 

Deposit insurance ........................................................................................................... –3.3 –0.6 –2.1 –3.0 –1.6 –1.1 –2.8 1.9 

Community and regional development .......................................................................... 2.5 3.2 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.4 



All other .......................................................................................................................... 3.5 5.3 8.7 5.4 5.1 4.8 2.3 0.9 

Total other mandatory programs ...................................................................... 4.0 5.1 –4.3 0.5 –4.3 –15.9 –8.4 0.5 


Net interest: 









121 







Health: 

Medicaid ..................................................................................................................... 34.0 36.2 39.2 44.5 54.2 67.8 73.7 78.0 


Total health ............................................................................................................ 36.3 38.4 40.0 46.4 56.8 71.5 77.6 82.2 

Medicare ......................................................................................................................... 91.1 91.7 94.0 103.7 105.5 116.2 124.5 135.0 









Housing Assistance and Other ................................................................................. 1.7 1.4 0.8 0.4 0.2 –0.5 –0.6 –0.7 










Energy ............................................................................................................................ –0.5 –0.8 –2.4 –1.5 –2.0 –0.9 –1.2 –1.1 

Agriculture ....................................................................................................................... 29.6 17.5 16.3 10.1 12.7 11.0 15.6 10.0 

Deposit insurance ........................................................................................................... 3.8 11.7 24.6 62.8 67.8 2.6 –27.1 –7.1 

Community and regional development .......................................................................... 0.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.6 –0.3 

General government ....................................................................................................... 0.2 1.6 0.8 1.8 1.3 2.0 1.4 –0.3 

Asset Sales (non-routine) .............................................................................................. –9.4 –9.0 –7.9 –0.1 ................ ................ ................ ................ 


All other .......................................................................................................................... 2.7 7.7 4.7 6.3 –39.0 3.2 3.5 2.1 

Total other mandatory programs ...................................................................... –17.5 –15.2 –5.8 35.0 –2.9 –23.9 –47.0 –34.7 


Net interest: 












1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 




Health: 

Medicaid ..................................................................................................................... 82.6 83.6 87.1 91.2 93.6 96.5 99.6 103.3 


Total health ............................................................................................................ 86.6 87.8 91.5 97.6 100.5 103.4 106.7 108.4 

Medicare ......................................................................................................................... 145.8 156.1 169.7 176.7 182.5 185.8 194.2 202.4 









Housing Assistance and Other ................................................................................. –0.8 –1.0 –1.8 –1.9 –2.1 –2.2 –2.0 –2.1 










Energy ............................................................................................................................ –1.7 –2.8 –2.5 –2.3 –3.0 –2.2 –2.4 –3.7 

Agriculture ....................................................................................................................... 5.3 4.4 5.3 6.8 6.2 5.7 4.7 4.4 

Deposit insurance ........................................................................................................... –16.3 –7.4 –10.4 –3.3 –1.6 –0.9 –1.2 –1.1 

Community and regional development .......................................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.4 –0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 * 



All other .......................................................................................................................... –2.1 –2.1 3.7 6.3 6.4 9.1 6.6 6.3 

Total other mandatory programs ...................................................................... –55.5 –43.1 –44.7 –39.8 –28.2 –25.2 –30.9 –44.5 


Net interest: 







Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ......................................................... 902.8 936.2 960.4 987.5 1,013.8 1,026.1 1,025.8 1,022.6 



123 

Table 8.7—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962–2002 



National defense ................................................................................................... 52.6 53.7 55.0 51.0 59.0 72.0 82.2 82.7 81.9 

International affairs ............................................................................................... 5.5 5.2 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.3 4.9 4.1 4.0 

Domestic: 

General science, space and technology: 

General science and basic research .......................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 

Space and other technology ....................................................................... 1.2 2.5 4.1 5.0 5.9 5.3 4.6 4.1 3.6 

Total General science, space and technology ....................................... 1.7 3.1 4.9 5.8 6.7 6.2 5.5 5.0 4.5 

Energy .............................................................................................................. 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Natural resources and environment ................................................................ 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 

Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 

Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................ 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.0 2.1 

Transportation: 

Ground transportation .................................................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 

Air transportation ......................................................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 

Water and other transportation ................................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 

Total Transportation ................................................................................ 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.6 

Community and regional development ............................................................ 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.3 

Education, training, employment and social services: 

Education ..................................................................................................... 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.1 3.3 3.8 3.7 4.3 

Training, employment and social services ................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.7 2.3 2.8 2.9 3.0 

Total Education, training, employment and social services .................. 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.8 3.9 5.5 6.6 6.6 7.3 

Health ............................................................................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.6 2.8 3.1 

Medicare ........................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 


Housing assistance ...................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 

Other ............................................................................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 

Total Income security .............................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 

Social security .................................................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Veterans benefits and services ....................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.1 

Administration of justice ................................................................................... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 

General government ........................................................................................ 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.3 

Total domestic ..................................................................................... 14.0 16.3 19.5 22.1 26.1 29.1 30.9 30.5 34.3 

Total outlays for discretionary programs ....................................................... 72.1 75.3 79.1 77.8 90.1 106.4 117.9 117.3 120.2


Table 8.7—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962–2002—Continued 





Domestic: 





Energy .............................................................................................................. 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.7 2.6 0.7 3.8 5.3 


Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.2 1.4 









Education ..................................................................................................... 4.9 5.4 5.5 5.5 7.1 7.6 1.9 8.5 9.2 



Health ............................................................................................................... 3.4 4.0 4.6 4.7 5.8 6.7 1.6 6.9 7.3 

Medicare ........................................................................................................... 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.9 












125 




National defense ..................................................................................................................... 116.8 134.6 158.0 185.9 209.9 228.0 253.1 273.8 

International affairs .................................................................................................................. 9.1 12.8 13.6 12.9 13.6 16.3 17.4 17.7 

Domestic: 


General science and basic research ............................................................................. 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 

Space and other technology .......................................................................................... 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.6 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.8 

Total General science, space and technology ......................................................... 5.2 5.8 6.5 7.2 7.9 8.3 8.6 9.0 

Energy ................................................................................................................................. 6.1 6.1 10.3 8.6 6.5 7.0 6.6 5.1 

Natural resources and environment ................................................................................... 13.7 15.5 15.4 14.8 14.2 14.4 15.1 15.4 

Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 

Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................................... 3.8 5.1 4.3 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 2.9 


Ground transportation .................................................................................................... 11.7 14.8 14.8 13.2 13.9 14.6 17.1 17.9 

Air transportation ............................................................................................................ 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.3 

Water and other transportation ...................................................................................... 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 

Total Transportation ................................................................................................... 16.9 20.7 20.8 19.2 20.5 21.8 24.8 25.9 

Community and regional development .............................................................................. 9.1 9.4 9.0 6.6 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.1 


Education ........................................................................................................................ 10.9 12.4 12.8 11.3 12.1 12.1 13.6 14.3 

Training, employment and social services .................................................................... 13.9 13.3 12.4 8.2 8.1 7.6 8.1 8.4 

Total Education, training, employment and social services ..................................... 24.7 25.6 25.2 19.5 20.2 19.7 21.7 22.6 

Health .................................................................................................................................. 7.5 8.5 9.1 9.0 8.5 8.9 9.6 10.2 

Medicare ............................................................................................................................. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.7 


Housing assistance ........................................................................................................ 4.3 5.5 6.9 8.1 9.4 10.0 11.4 11.4 

Other ............................................................................................................................... 3.2 5.3 6.3 6.8 7.5 7.4 7.8 7.8 

Total Income security ................................................................................................ 7.5 10.8 13.2 14.8 17.0 17.4 19.2 19.3 

Social security ..................................................................................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 

Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................................... 6.2 7.2 7.6 8.2 9.0 9.6 10.4 10.7 

Administration of justice ..................................................................................................... 4.1 4.5 4.7 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.5 

General government ........................................................................................................... 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.7 6.0 6.5 6.7 7.2 

Total domestic ....................................................................................................... 113.8 128.7 136.1 127.0 129.7 134.9 145.2 146.8 

Total outlays for discretionary programs .......................................................................... 239.7 276.1 307.8 325.8 353.1 379.2 415.7 438.4







Domestic: 





Energy ................................................................................................................................. 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.4 5.4 5.6 6.4 


Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 4.2 4.3 4.4 









Education ........................................................................................................................ 14.8 15.7 17.4 18.3 20.4 22.5 24.7 24.6 



Health .................................................................................................................................. 10.7 12.2 13.1 14.9 16.2 18.0 19.6 20.5 

Medicare ............................................................................................................................. 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.9 












127 




1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 



Domestic: 





Energy ................................................................................................................................. 6.8 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.5 


Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 









Education ........................................................................................................................ 25.1 25.1 27.3 28.2 31.5 32.0 32.6 33.2 



Health .................................................................................................................................. 22.0 22.6 24.0 24.7 25.1 25.2 25.2 25.2 

Medicare ............................................................................................................................. 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 










Total outlays for discretionary programs .......................................................................... 545.6 534.4 550.0 547.5 557.5 563.9 561.0 567.2 

Note: Due to the effects of the Credit Reform Act of 1990 on the measurement and classification of Federal credit activities, the discretionary outlays for years prior to 1992 are 

not strictly comparable to those for 1992 and beyond. However, the discretionary outlays shown for 1992 are no more than $1 billion higher than they would have been if measured 

on the same (pre-credit reform) basis as the 1991 outlays.


Table 8.8—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002 





Domestic: 





Energy .............................................................................................................. 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.6 4.4 4.0 3.6 


Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0 









Education ..................................................................................................... 3.2 3.7 3.8 4.6 9.7 14.2 15.8 14.3 15.8 



Health ............................................................................................................... 5.5 6.2 7.3 6.8 7.6 9.1 10.5 11.0 11.4 

Medicare ........................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.3 












129 

Table 8.8—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002—Continued 





Domestic: 





Energy .............................................................................................................. 3.0 3.4 3.1 1.9 4.4 6.0 1.6 8.0 10.5 


Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6 0.6 2.6 2.7 









Education ..................................................................................................... 16.6 17.2 16.7 15.4 18.0 17.8 4.3 18.6 18.7 



Health ............................................................................................................... 11.6 12.6 13.6 13.2 14.7 15.8 3.6 14.9 14.8 

Medicare ........................................................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.9 0.5 1.6 1.9 

















Domestic: 





Energy ................................................................................................................................. 11.4 10.5 15.8 12.4 8.9 9.3 8.4 6.3 


Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.5 









Education ........................................................................................................................ 20.5 21.1 19.7 16.2 16.6 16.1 17.4 17.7 



Health .................................................................................................................................. 14.2 14.6 14.1 13.1 11.9 12.0 12.4 12.9 

Medicare ............................................................................................................................. 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.2 












131 






Domestic: 





Energy ................................................................................................................................. 6.1 5.8 5.5 5.2 4.5 5.4 5.4 6.0 


Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 4.2 4.1 4.1 









Education ........................................................................................................................ 17.7 18.1 19.4 19.6 20.8 22.5 24.1 23.5 



Health .................................................................................................................................. 13.0 14.2 14.6 16.1 16.6 18.0 19.0 19.3 

Medicare ............................................................................................................................. 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.7 















1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 



Domestic: 





Energy ................................................................................................................................. 6.2 5.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.4 


Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 









Education ........................................................................................................................ 23.4 22.8 24.2 24.3 26.4 26.2 25.9 25.7 



Health .................................................................................................................................. 20.2 20.2 20.9 20.8 20.6 20.1 19.6 19.1 

Medicare ............................................................................................................................. 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 










Total outlays for discretionary programs .......................................................................... 507.9 483.3 485.1 468.6 465.7 458.3 444.5 438.6 

Note: Due to the effects of the Credit Reform Act of 1990 on the measurement and classification of Federal credit activities, the discretionary outlays for years prior to 1992 are 

not strictly comparable to those for 1992 and beyond. However, the discretionary outlays shown for 1992 are no more than $1 billion higher (in nominal dollars) than they would 

have been if measured on the same (pre-credit reform) basis as the 1991 outlays.


133 

Table 8.9—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2002 


Category and Program 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 

National defense ................................................................................................................................. 97.6 23.5 110.4 117.3 126.9 144.5 180.4 

International affairs ............................................................................................................................. 8.4 1.6 9.5 11.0 13.3 12.9 17.6 

Domestic: 


General science and basic research ........................................................................................ 1.0 0.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 

Space and other technology ..................................................................................................... 3.2 0.8 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.8 5.1 

Total General science, space and technology ..................................................................... 4.3 1.1 4.6 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.6 

Energy ............................................................................................................................................ 3.6 0.9 5.6 9.0 8.4 17.4 9.0 

Natural resources and environment .............................................................................................. 6.9 2.1 10.6 14.6 14.7 14.6 12.9 

Agriculture ....................................................................................................................................... 1.2 0.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 

Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................................................... 3.6 1.1 4.5 4.2 4.3 6.2 4.3 


Ground transportation ................................................................................................................ 3.0 1.3 2.1 2.9 5.2 6.2 8.7 

Air transportation ........................................................................................................................ 2.3 0.5 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.4 

Water and other transportation ................................................................................................. 1.3 0.3 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.1 

Total Transportation .............................................................................................................. 6.5 2.1 5.9 7.1 9.9 11.2 14.2 

Community and regional development .......................................................................................... 4.1 0.4 12.2 9.7 8.9 9.7 7.7 


Education ................................................................................................................................... 8.8 3.3 10.5 11.0 12.6 12.7 12.4 

Training, employment and social services ................................................................................ 8.6 1.2 15.6 6.6 14.1 11.7 11.3 

Total Education, training, employment and social services ................................................. 17.4 4.5 26.2 17.7 26.7 24.4 23.7 

Health ............................................................................................................................................. 6.2 1.2 6.9 7.7 8.3 8.8 8.7 


Housing assistance .................................................................................................................... 18.6 0.1 28.6 32.3 24.8 27.7 26.1 

Other .......................................................................................................................................... 0.7 0.2 1.0 1.2 1.7 3.7 4.5 

Total Income security ............................................................................................................ 19.4 0.3 29.6 33.5 26.5 31.4 30.5 

Social security ................................................................................................................................ .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. –* –* 

Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................................................... 4.9 1.2 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.0 7.6 

Administration of justice ................................................................................................................. 3.3 0.9 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.4 

General government ....................................................................................................................... 6.4 2.4 6.1 6.7 4.9 5.4 5.7 

Total domestic ................................................................................................................... 87.7 18.5 122.6 126.9 130.7 148.4 137.1 

Total discretionary budget authority ............................................................................................. 193.7 43.5 242.5 255.3 270.9 305.8 335.1 

Note: Due to the effects of the Credit Reform Act of 1990 on the measurement and classification of Federal credit activities, the discretionary budget authority for these programs 

for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to that for 1992 and beyond. Due to the effects of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 and subsequent comparable redefinitions 

on the measurement and classification as budget authority of the obligation limitations of certain special and trust funds, the discretionary budget authority for these programs 

for years prior to 1990 is not strictly comparable to that for 1990 and beyond.


Table 8.9—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2002—Continued 


Category and Program 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 



Domestic: 





Energy ............................................................................................................................................ 8.3 6.9 6.0 6.6 4.3 3.3 4.9 


Agriculture ....................................................................................................................................... 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.3 









Education ................................................................................................................................... 11.7 12.3 13.1 15.2 14.4 16.7 17.4 



Health ............................................................................................................................................. 8.2 8.8 9.3 10.3 10.3 12.1 13.0 















135 



Category and Program 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 



Domestic: 





Energy ............................................................................................................................................ 4.7 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.8 6.4 6.2 


Agriculture ....................................................................................................................................... 2.4 2.7 3.1 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.0 









Education ................................................................................................................................... 18.4 19.9 22.9 24.4 25.5 26.3 26.4 



Health ............................................................................................................................................. 14.3 16.1 18.2 19.6 20.7 22.2 22.8 

Medicare ......................................................................................................................................... .................. 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 





Social security ................................................................................................................................ .................. 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.3 













Category and Program 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 



Domestic: 





Energy ............................................................................................................................................ 4.9 4.3 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.4 


Agriculture ....................................................................................................................................... 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 









Education ................................................................................................................................... 23.2 28.1 31.1 31.8 32.6 33.2 33.6 



Health ............................................................................................................................................. 23.3 25.0 25.1 25.1 25.1 25.2 25.2 

Medicare ......................................................................................................................................... 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 





Social security ................................................................................................................................ 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 








137 

Table 9.1—TOTAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS FOR PHYSICAL CAPITAL, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, AND EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962–1998 

Fiscal Year 

Total 


Defense 

In Billions of Constant 

(FY 1992) Dollars 

Nondefense 

Total Defense 

As Percentages of Total 

Outlays 

Total 

Defense 


Total 

Defense 

Nondefense 

Nondefense 

Nondefense 

1962 ......................................................................... 34,495 24,891 9,604 126.3 86.3 40.0 32.3 23.3 9.0 6.1 4.4 1.7 

1963 ......................................................................... 38,425 26,571 11,854 138.0 89.6 48.4 34.5 23.9 10.6 6.4 4.4 2.0 

1964 ......................................................................... 40,784 25,857 14,927 147.2 87.2 60.0 34.4 21.8 12.6 6.4 4.0 2.3 

1965 ......................................................................... 38,062 21,327 16,735 138.6 72.0 66.6 32.2 18.0 14.2 5.5 3.1 2.4 

1966 ......................................................................... 43,440 23,959 19,481 155.8 79.2 76.6 32.3 17.8 14.5 5.8 3.2 2.6 

1967 ......................................................................... 51,135 29,455 21,680 176.0 92.4 83.7 32.5 18.7 13.8 6.3 3.6 2.7 

1968 ......................................................................... 57,109 33,992 23,117 188.5 101.8 86.7 32.1 19.1 13.0 6.6 3.9 2.7 

1969 ......................................................................... 57,565 34,565 23,000 182.5 100.0 82.6 31.3 18.8 12.5 6.1 3.6 2.4 

1970 ......................................................................... 56,466 31,625 24,841 170.9 87.0 83.9 28.9 16.2 12.7 5.6 3.1 2.5 

1971 ......................................................................... 56,724 28,823 27,901 164.6 76.5 88.1 27.0 13.7 13.3 5.3 2.7 2.6 

1972 ......................................................................... 58,467 27,955 30,512 163.7 72.9 90.8 25.3 12.1 13.2 5.0 2.4 2.6 

1973 ......................................................................... 59,158 26,794 32,364 160.4 68.8 91.6 24.1 10.9 13.2 4.5 2.1 2.5 

1974 ......................................................................... 61,076 26,830 34,246 154.3 64.7 89.6 22.7 10.0 12.7 4.2 1.9 2.4 

1975 ......................................................................... 69,407 28,421 40,986 156.9 62.3 94.7 20.9 8.6 12.3 4.5 1.8 2.6 

1976 ......................................................................... 76,469 29,126 47,343 163.0 60.7 102.3 20.6 7.8 12.7 4.4 1.7 2.7 

TQ ............................................................................ 19,405 6,929 12,476 40.0 13.9 26.1 20.2 7.2 13.0 4.3 1.5 2.7 

1977 ......................................................................... 82,789 32,499 50,290 164.2 63.0 101.2 20.2 7.9 12.3 4.2 1.6 2.6 

1978 ......................................................................... 92,598 35,328 57,270 173.6 64.8 108.8 20.2 7.7 12.5 4.2 1.6 2.6 

1979 ......................................................................... 105,707 40,874 64,832 181.7 67.6 114.1 21.0 8.1 12.9 4.2 1.6 2.6 

1980 ......................................................................... 118,886 47,185 71,701 186.5 72.0 114.5 20.1 8.0 12.1 4.4 1.7 2.6 

1981 ......................................................................... 132,050 56,079 75,971 187.6 77.9 109.8 19.5 8.3 11.2 4.3 1.8 2.5 

1982 ......................................................................... 135,129 67,805 67,323 177.9 87.6 90.3 18.1 9.1 9.0 4.2 2.1 2.1 

1983 ......................................................................... 146,655 81,568 65,087 183.2 99.3 83.9 18.1 10.1 8.1 4.3 2.4 1.9 

1984 ......................................................................... 164,826 94,052 70,774 197.5 108.7 88.8 19.3 11.0 8.3 4.3 2.5 1.9 

1985 ......................................................................... 186,360 108,394 77,966 216.9 121.7 95.2 19.7 11.5 8.2 4.5 2.6 1.9 

1986 ......................................................................... 199,937 120,428 79,509 228.7 134.0 94.7 20.2 12.2 8.0 4.6 2.8 1.8 

1987 ......................................................................... 203,827 126,749 77,078 230.6 141.6 89.0 20.3 12.6 7.7 4.4 2.8 1.7 

1988 ......................................................................... 208,023 123,858 84,165 232.1 137.9 94.3 19.5 11.6 7.9 4.2 2.5 1.7 

1989 1 ...................................................................... 220,488 131,033 89,456 239.1 142.1 97.0 19.3 11.5 7.8 4.1 2.4 1.7 

1990 1 ...................................................................... 227,354 130,960 96,393 239.6 138.5 101.1 18.1 10.5 7.7 4.0 2.3 1.7 

1991 1 ...................................................................... 230,609 127,319 103,290 234.7 129.9 104.7 17.4 9.6 7.8 3.9 2.2 1.8 

1992 1 ...................................................................... 233,833 120,836 112,997 233.8 120.8 113.0 16.9 8.7 8.2 3.8 2.0 1.8 

1993 1 ...................................................................... 236,715 116,636 120,078 232.1 114.4 117.7 16.8 8.3 8.5 3.7 1.8 1.9 

1994 1 ...................................................................... 223,194 104,815 118,379 214.2 100.1 114.1 15.3 7.2 8.1 3.3 1.5 1.7 

1995 1 ...................................................................... 233,223 97,583 135,640 218.7 91.2 127.5 15.4 6.4 8.9 3.2 1.4 1.9 

1996 1 ...................................................................... 227,854 94,414 133,440 208.8 85.9 122.9 14.6 6.1 8.6 3.0 1.3 1.8 

1997 estimate 1 ....................................................... 225,714 89,576 136,138 201.9 79.5 122.4 13.8 5.5 8.3 2.9 1.1 1.7 

1998 estimate 1 ....................................................... 218,662 85,266 133,396 190.0 73.8 116.2 13.0 5.1 7.9 2.7 1.0 1.6 

1 Includes off-budget Postal Service investments. See footnotes in tables 9.2, 9.5 and 9.7 for details. 




Table 9.2—MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS IN CURRENT AND CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1940–1998 

In Millions of Current Dollars 

In Billions of Constant (FY 1992) Dollars 

Fiscal Year 

Total 

Total 

Direct Federal 

National 

Defense 

Grants 

Total 

Total 


National 

Defense 

Nondefense 

Nondefense 

Grants 

1940 ........................................................ 3,297 2,855 850 2,005 442 27.7 23.0 6.9 16.1 4.6 

1941 ........................................................ 6,356 6,066 4,300 1,766 290 44.5 41.7 29.7 12.0 2.8 

1942 ........................................................ 21,486 21,264 19,900 1,364 222 137.8 135.9 127.3 8.6 1.9 

1943 ........................................................ 55,539 55,321 54,700 621 218 337.0 335.3 331.5 3.7 1.7 

1944 ........................................................ 60,000 59,817 59,600 217 183 371.5 370.2 368.8 1.3 1.4 

1945 ........................................................ 56,674 56,520 56,300 220 154 367.3 366.1 364.6 1.4 1.2 

1946 ........................................................ 20,680 20,538 20,100 438 142 135.3 134.2 131.5 2.8 1.0 

1947 ........................................................ 4,693 4,094 3,483 611 599 32.0 28.2 24.1 4.2 3.7 

1948 ........................................................ 3,919 3,479 2,704 775 440 20.7 18.1 14.1 4.0 2.5 

1949 ........................................................ 3,847 3,385 2,345 1,040 462 17.3 14.7 10.3 4.5 2.5 

1950 ........................................................ 3,873 3,389 2,052 1,337 484 18.5 15.6 9.5 6.1 2.9 

1951 ........................................................ 7,400 6,834 5,486 1,348 566 31.3 28.1 22.7 5.5 3.1 

1952 ........................................................ 16,224 15,649 14,197 1,452 575 62.5 59.7 54.2 5.4 2.9 

1953 ........................................................ 22,958 22,202 20,594 1,608 756 89.3 85.6 79.5 6.1 3.7 

1954 ........................................................ 21,442 20,698 19,303 1,395 744 84.6 80.8 75.4 5.4 3.8 

1955 ........................................................ 18,004 17,184 16,094 1,090 820 72.5 68.2 64.0 4.3 4.2 

1956 ........................................................ 17,387 16,472 15,556 916 915 65.1 60.6 57.3 3.3 4.5 

1957 ........................................................ 19,613 18,465 17,324 1,141 1,148 69.8 64.7 60.7 3.9 5.2 

1958 ........................................................ 20,770 18,982 17,639 1,343 1,788 73.2 65.1 60.6 4.5 8.1 

1959 ........................................................ 22,899 19,943 18,329 1,614 2,956 79.0 65.7 60.5 5.2 13.3 

1960 ........................................................ 22,405 19,084 17,157 1,927 3,321 77.2 62.1 55.9 6.2 15.0 

1961 ........................................................ 21,860 18,807 16,791 2,016 3,053 75.6 61.7 55.2 6.5 13.8 

1962 ........................................................ 23,352 20,113 17,785 2,328 3,239 78.3 63.8 56.5 7.3 14.5 

1963 ........................................................ 25,548 21,948 19,399 2,549 3,600 83.6 67.7 60.0 7.7 15.9 

1964 ........................................................ 25,381 20,899 17,970 2,929 4,482 83.3 63.8 55.0 8.8 19.5 

1965 ........................................................ 22,263 17,278 14,231 3,047 4,985 74.0 52.7 43.5 9.2 21.3 

1966 ........................................................ 25,028 20,116 16,851 3,265 4,912 81.5 61.1 51.4 9.8 20.3 

1967 ........................................................ 29,647 24,416 21,377 3,039 5,231 91.1 70.3 61.7 8.6 20.8 

1968 ........................................................ 34,200 28,304 25,437 2,867 5,896 100.7 78.2 70.4 7.8 22.6 

1969 ........................................................ 34,952 28,787 26,235 2,552 6,165 99.9 77.4 70.7 6.8 22.5 

1970 ........................................................ 33,186 26,130 23,588 2,542 7,056 90.4 66.6 60.2 6.4 23.8 

1971 ........................................................ 31,534 23,662 20,701 2,961 7,872 82.3 57.9 50.8 7.1 24.4 

1972 ........................................................ 31,084 22,667 19,094 3,573 8,417 79.0 54.6 46.1 8.5 24.5 

1973 ........................................................ 30,183 21,318 17,624 3,694 8,865 75.2 50.9 42.2 8.7 24.2 

1974 ........................................................ 31,180 21,335 17,385 3,950 9,845 72.3 48.2 39.1 9.1 24.1 

1975 ........................................................ 34,374 23,494 18,665 4,829 10,880 69.9 47.6 38.4 9.3 22.3 

1976 ........................................................ 37,981 24,464 19,247 5,217 13,517 74.2 47.6 38.1 9.4 26.7 

TQ ........................................................... 9,782 5,846 4,465 1,381 3,936 18.5 10.8 8.4 2.4 7.7 

1977 ........................................................ 43,484 27,320 21,556 5,764 16,164 80.4 49.7 39.7 10.0 30.7 

1978 ........................................................ 48,292 29,964 23,227 6,737 18,328 85.1 52.1 40.8 11.3 33.0 

1979 ........................................................ 57,094 36,455 28,689 7,766 20,639 91.8 57.5 45.2 12.3 34.2 

1980 ........................................................ 63,055 40,537 32,486 8,051 22,518 92.1 58.5 47.2 11.3 33.5 

1981 ........................................................ 70,013 47,861 39,101 8,760 22,152 92.6 63.1 51.8 11.3 29.5 

1982 ........................................................ 76,576 56,420 47,960 8,460 20,156 94.0 69.2 59.1 10.1 24.8 

1983 ........................................................ 87,728 67,215 59,221 7,994 20,513 102.5 77.8 68.6 9.2 24.7 

1984 ........................................................ 100,736 78,043 68,229 9,814 22,693 113.1 85.9 74.6 11.3 27.2 

1985 ........................................................ 114,603 89,702 77,956 11,746 24,901 125.6 96.1 82.8 13.3 29.5 

1986 ........................................................ 122,197 95,929 84,663 11,266 26,268 132.5 102.2 89.6 12.6 30.3 

1987 ........................................................ 125,909 102,060 89,526 12,534 23,849 137.1 110.5 96.7 13.8 26.6 

1988 ........................................................ 125,118 100,230 85,698 14,532 24,888 136.0 109.0 93.4 15.6 27.0 

1989 1 ...................................................... 129,694 104,399 90,490 13,909 25,296 137.9 111.2 96.7 14.4 26.8


139 

Table 9.2—MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS IN CURRENT AND CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1940–1998—Continued 

In Millions of Current Dollars 

In Billions of Constant (FY 1992) Dollars 

Fiscal Year 

Total 

Total 


National 

Defense 

Grants 

Total 

Total 


National 

Defense 

Nondefense 

Nondefense 

Grants 

1990 1 ...................................................... 131,980 104,794 89,700 15,095 27,185 137.3 109.4 94.2 15.2 28.0 

1991 1 ...................................................... 133,784 105,548 89,222 16,326 28,237 135.3 106.8 90.7 16.1 28.4 

1992 1 ...................................................... 131,927 102,629 82,359 20,271 29,297 131.9 102.6 82.4 20.3 29.3 

1993 1 ...................................................... 126,412 95,242 76,141 19,101 31,170 124.7 94.1 74.9 19.2 30.6 

1994 1 ...................................................... 119,165 83,892 66,730 17,161 35,274 115.2 81.0 63.9 17.1 34.2 

1995 1 ...................................................... 118,918 79,339 59,865 19,474 39,579 112.6 75.2 56.2 19.0 37.4 

1996 1 ...................................................... 115,873 75,518 54,961 20,557 40,355 107.3 70.1 50.0 20.0 37.2 

1997 estimate 1 ....................................... 112,973 71,828 50,645 21,183 41,145 102.2 65.2 45.0 20.1 37.0 

1998 estimate 1 ....................................... 102,826 62,945 47,843 15,102 39,881 90.5 55.5 41.4 14.0 35.0 

1 Includes off-budget Postal Service investments of the following amounts: 

In millions of current dollars: 1989: 900; 1990: 1,317; 1991: 1,362; 1992: 1,842; 1993: 1,193; 1994: 963; 1995: 1,386; 1996: 2,125; 1997: 3,541; 1998: 2,629. 

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars: 1989: 0.9; 1990: 1.3; 1991: 1.3; 1992: 1.8; 1993: 1.2; 1994: 1.0; 1995: 1.4; 1996: 2.1; 1997: 3.4; 1998: 2.4. Note: Prior to 1960, the 

GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision levels for fiscal years prior to 

1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.


Table 9.3—MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS IN PERCENTAGE TERMS: 1940–1998 

As Percentages of Total Outlays 


Fiscal Year 

Total 

Total 


National 

Defense 

Non-defense 

Grants 

Total 

Total 


National 

Defense 

Non-defense 

Grants 

1940 ........................................................ 34.8 30.2 9.0 21.2 4.7 3.4 2.9 0.9 2.1 0.5 

1941 ........................................................ 46.6 44.4 31.5 12.9 2.1 5.5 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.3 

1942 ........................................................ 61.1 60.5 56.6 3.9 0.6 14.8 14.6 13.7 0.9 0.2 

1943 ........................................................ 70.7 70.4 69.6 0.8 0.3 30.9 30.8 30.4 0.3 0.1 

1944 ........................................................ 65.7 65.5 65.3 0.2 0.2 29.0 28.9 28.8 0.1 0.1 

1945 ........................................................ 61.1 61.0 60.7 0.2 0.2 26.1 26.0 25.9 0.1 0.1 

1946 ........................................................ 37.4 37.2 36.4 0.8 0.3 9.5 9.4 9.2 0.2 0.1 

1947 ........................................................ 13.6 11.9 10.1 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.5 0.3 0.3 

1948 ........................................................ 13.2 11.7 9.1 2.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.3 0.2 

1949 ........................................................ 9.9 8.7 6.0 2.7 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.2 

1950 ........................................................ 9.1 8.0 4.8 3.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 

1951 ........................................................ 16.3 15.0 12.1 3.0 1.2 2.3 2.1 1.7 0.4 0.2 

1952 ........................................................ 24.0 23.1 21.0 2.1 0.8 4.6 4.5 4.1 0.4 0.2 

1953 ........................................................ 30.2 29.2 27.1 2.1 1.0 6.2 6.0 5.5 0.4 0.2 

1954 ........................................................ 30.3 29.2 27.2 2.0 1.1 5.7 5.5 5.1 0.4 0.2 

1955 ........................................................ 26.3 25.1 23.5 1.6 1.2 4.6 4.3 4.1 0.3 0.2 

1956 ........................................................ 24.6 23.3 22.0 1.3 1.3 4.1 3.9 3.6 0.2 0.2 

1957 ........................................................ 25.6 24.1 22.6 1.5 1.5 4.4 4.1 3.9 0.3 0.3 

1958 ........................................................ 25.2 23.0 21.4 1.6 2.2 4.5 4.1 3.8 0.3 0.4 

1959 ........................................................ 24.9 21.7 19.9 1.8 3.2 4.7 4.1 3.7 0.3 0.6 

1960 ........................................................ 24.3 20.7 18.6 2.1 3.6 4.3 3.7 3.3 0.4 0.6 

1961 ........................................................ 22.4 19.2 17.2 2.1 3.1 4.1 3.5 3.2 0.4 0.6 

1962 ........................................................ 21.9 18.8 16.6 2.2 3.0 4.1 3.5 3.1 0.4 0.6 

1963 ........................................................ 23.0 19.7 17.4 2.3 3.2 4.3 3.7 3.2 0.4 0.6 

1964 ........................................................ 21.4 17.6 15.2 2.5 3.8 4.0 3.3 2.8 0.5 0.7 

1965 ........................................................ 18.8 14.6 12.0 2.6 4.2 3.2 2.5 2.1 0.4 0.7 

1966 ........................................................ 18.6 15.0 12.5 2.4 3.7 3.3 2.7 2.2 0.4 0.7 

1967 ........................................................ 18.8 15.5 13.6 1.9 3.3 3.7 3.0 2.6 0.4 0.6 

1968 ........................................................ 19.2 15.9 14.3 1.6 3.3 3.9 3.3 2.9 0.3 0.7 

1969 ........................................................ 19.0 15.7 14.3 1.4 3.4 3.7 3.0 2.8 0.3 0.7 

1970 ........................................................ 17.0 13.4 12.1 1.3 3.6 3.3 2.6 2.3 0.3 0.7 

1971 ........................................................ 15.0 11.3 9.8 1.4 3.7 2.9 2.2 1.9 0.3 0.7 

1972 ........................................................ 13.5 9.8 8.3 1.5 3.6 2.6 1.9 1.6 0.3 0.7 

1973 ........................................................ 12.3 8.7 7.2 1.5 3.6 2.3 1.6 1.3 0.3 0.7 

1974 ........................................................ 11.6 7.9 6.5 1.5 3.7 2.2 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.7 

1975 ........................................................ 10.3 7.1 5.6 1.5 3.3 2.2 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.7 

1976 ........................................................ 10.2 6.6 5.2 1.4 3.6 2.2 1.4 1.1 0.3 0.8 

TQ ........................................................... 10.2 6.1 4.7 1.4 4.1 2.2 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.9 

1977 ........................................................ 10.6 6.7 5.3 1.4 3.9 2.2 1.4 1.1 0.3 0.8 

1978 ........................................................ 10.5 6.5 5.1 1.5 4.0 2.2 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.8 

1979 ........................................................ 11.3 7.2 5.7 1.5 4.1 2.3 1.5 1.1 0.3 0.8 

1980 ........................................................ 10.7 6.9 5.5 1.4 3.8 2.3 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.8 

1981 ........................................................ 10.3 7.1 5.8 1.3 3.3 2.3 1.6 1.3 0.3 0.7 

1982 ........................................................ 10.3 7.6 6.4 1.1 2.7 2.4 1.8 1.5 0.3 0.6 

1983 ........................................................ 10.9 8.3 7.3 1.0 2.5 2.6 2.0 1.7 0.2 0.6 

1984 ........................................................ 11.8 9.2 8.0 1.2 2.7 2.6 2.0 1.8 0.3 0.6 

1985 ........................................................ 12.1 9.5 8.2 1.2 2.6 2.8 2.2 1.9 0.3 0.6 

1986 ........................................................ 12.3 9.7 8.5 1.1 2.7 2.8 2.2 1.9 0.3 0.6 

1987 ........................................................ 12.5 10.2 8.9 1.2 2.4 2.7 2.2 1.9 0.3 0.5 

1988 ........................................................ 11.8 9.4 8.1 1.4 2.3 2.5 2.0 1.7 0.3 0.5 

1989 1 ...................................................... 11.3 9.1 7.9 1.2 2.2 2.4 2.0 1.7 0.3 0.5 

1990 1 ...................................................... 10.5 8.4 7.2 1.2 2.2 2.3 1.8 1.6 0.3 0.5 

1991 1 ...................................................... 10.1 8.0 6.7 1.2 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.5 0.3 0.5 

1992 1 ...................................................... 9.5 7.4 6.0 1.5 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.3 0.3 0.5 

1993 1 ...................................................... 9.0 6.8 5.4 1.4 2.2 2.0 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.5 

1994 1 ...................................................... 8.2 5.7 4.6 1.2 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.5 

1995 1 ...................................................... 7.8 5.2 3.9 1.3 2.6 1.7 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.6 

1996 1 ...................................................... 7.4 4.8 3.5 1.3 2.6 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.5 

1997 estimate 1 ....................................... 6.9 4.4 3.1 1.3 2.5 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.5 

1998 estimate 1 ....................................... 6.1 3.7 2.8 0.9 2.4 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.5 

1 Includes off-budget Postal Service investments.


141 

Table 9.4—NATIONAL DEFENSE OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC DIRECT PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1940–1998 


Department of Defense—Military 

Atomic Energy and Other Defense 

Fiscal year 

Total 

Total 

Procurement 

Military 

Construction 

Family 

Housing 

Total 

Construction 

and 

Rehabilitation of 

Physical Assets 

Major 

Equipment 

1940 ........................................................ 850 850 N/A N/A ....................... ....................... ........................... ....................... 

1941 ........................................................ 4,300 4,300 2,100 2,200 ....................... ....................... ........................... ....................... 

1942 ........................................................ 19,900 19,900 12,300 7,600 ....................... ....................... ........................... ....................... 

1943 ........................................................ 54,700 54,700 42,000 12,700 ....................... ....................... ........................... ....................... 

1944 ........................................................ 59,600 59,600 55,000 4,600 ....................... ....................... ........................... ....................... 

1945 ........................................................ 56,300 56,300 53,800 2,500 ....................... ....................... ........................... ....................... 

1946 ........................................................ 20,100 20,100 19,100 1,000 ....................... ....................... ........................... ....................... 

1947 ........................................................ 3,483 3,432 3,000 432 ....................... 51 51 ....................... 

1948 ........................................................ 2,704 2,395 2,000 395 ....................... 309 209 100 

1949 ........................................................ 2,345 1,874 1,723 151 ....................... 471 312 159 

1950 ........................................................ 2,052 1,650 1,500 150 ....................... 402 240 162 

1951 ........................................................ 5,486 4,741 4,300 441 ....................... 745 479 266 

1952 ........................................................ 14,197 12,751 11,000 1,751 ....................... 1,446 1,071 375 

1953 ........................................................ 20,594 19,057 17,144 1,913 ....................... 1,537 1,054 483 

1954 ........................................................ 19,303 17,701 15,957 1,744 ....................... 1,602 1,069 533 

1955 ........................................................ 16,094 14,553 12,838 1,715 ....................... 1,541 771 770 

1956 ........................................................ 15,556 14,313 12,227 2,079 7 1,243 217 1,026 

1957 ........................................................ 17,324 15,831 13,488 1,968 375 1,493 233 1,260 

1958 ........................................................ 17,639 16,002 14,083 1,753 166 1,637 182 1,455 

1959 ........................................................ 18,329 16,605 14,409 1,948 248 1,724 171 1,553 

1960 ........................................................ 17,157 15,471 13,334 1,626 511 1,686 176 1,510 

1961 ........................................................ 16,791 15,109 13,095 1,605 409 1,682 228 1,454 

1962 ........................................................ 17,785 16,238 14,532 1,347 359 1,547 203 1,344 

1963 ........................................................ 19,399 17,922 16,632 1,144 146 1,477 184 1,293 

1964 ........................................................ 17,970 16,643 15,351 1,026 266 1,327 139 1,188 

1965 ........................................................ 14,231 13,139 11,839 1,007 293 1,092 127 965 

1966 ........................................................ 16,851 15,940 14,339 1,536 65 911 109 802 

1967 ........................................................ 21,377 20,613 19,012 1,535 66 764 73 691 

1968 ........................................................ 25,437 24,625 23,283 1,281 61 812 91 721 

1969 ........................................................ 26,235 25,513 23,988 1,389 136 722 137 585 

1970 ........................................................ 23,588 22,901 21,584 1,168 149 687 153 534 

1971 ........................................................ 20,701 20,061 18,858 1,095 108 640 146 494 

1972 ........................................................ 19,094 18,389 17,131 1,108 150 705 127 578 

1973 ........................................................ 17,624 16,981 15,654 1,119 208 643 154 489 

1974 ........................................................ 17,385 16,857 15,241 1,407 209 528 124 404 

1975 ........................................................ 18,665 17,803 16,042 1,462 299 862 179 683 

1976 ........................................................ 19,247 18,295 15,964 2,019 312 952 180 772 

TQ ........................................................... 4,465 4,206 3,766 376 64 259 45 214 

1977 ........................................................ 21,556 20,378 18,178 1,914 286 1,178 218 960 

1978 ........................................................ 23,227 22,284 19,976 1,932 376 943 274 669 

1979 ........................................................ 28,689 27,606 25,519 1,965 122 1,083 618 465 

1980 ........................................................ 32,486 31,470 29,146 2,237 87 1,016 563 453 

1981 ........................................................ 39,101 37,587 35,310 2,175 102 1,514 848 666 

1982 ........................................................ 47,960 46,190 43,234 2,782 174 1,770 880 890 

1983 ........................................................ 59,221 57,000 53,513 3,280 207 2,221 1,057 1,164 

1984 ........................................................ 68,229 65,518 61,761 3,524 233 2,712 1,323 1,389 

1985 ........................................................ 77,956 74,729 70,325 4,083 321 3,227 1,424 1,803 

1986 ........................................................ 84,663 81,635 76,500 4,792 343 3,028 1,490 1,538 

1987 ........................................................ 89,526 86,771 80,761 5,523 487 2,755 1,108 1,647 

1988 ........................................................ 85,698 83,114 77,109 5,442 563 2,584 906 1,678 

1989 ........................................................ 90,490 87,175 81,711 4,843 622 3,315 849 2,465 

1990 ........................................................ 89,700 85,890 80,858 4,425 607 3,809 1,264 2,545 

1991 ........................................................ 89,222 85,328 82,058 2,867 402 3,894 1,277 2,617 

1992 ........................................................ 82,359 78,278 74,617 3,362 298 4,081 1,424 2,657 

1993 ........................................................ 76,141 74,156 70,101 3,635 421 1,985 1,204 781 

1994 ........................................................ 66,730 65,582 61,820 3,162 600 1,148 777 371 

1995 ........................................................ 59,865 59,418 54,926 3,574 918 447 245 202 

1996 ........................................................ 54,961 53,635 49,274 3,283 1,078 1,326 933 393 

1997 estimate ......................................... 50,645 49,691 45,712 2,972 1,007 954 698 256 

1998 estimate ......................................... 47,843 46,927 43,207 2,804 916 916 672 244 

N/A: Not available.


Table 9.5—NONDEFENSE OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC DIRECT PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1940–1998 


Investments in Physical Capital 

Construction and Rehabilitation of Physical Assets 

Fiscal year 

Total 

Total 

Total 

Corps of 

Engineers 

Water and Power Projects 

Bureau of 

Reclamation 

Bonneville 

and Other 

Power 

Marketing 

Agencies 

Tennessee 

Valley 

Authority 

Nuclear 



Acquisition 

of Major 

Equipment 

1940 ........................................................ 2,005 2,005 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .................. N/A .................. 

1941 ........................................................ 1,766 1,766 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .................. N/A .................. 

1942 ........................................................ 1,364 1,364 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .................. N/A .................. 

1943 ........................................................ 621 621 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .................. N/A .................. 

1944 ........................................................ 217 217 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .................. N/A .................. 

1945 ........................................................ 220 220 152 68 37 5 42 .................. 68 .................. 

1946 ........................................................ 438 438 248 172 48 9 20 .................. 190 .................. 

1947 ........................................................ 611 611 408 266 93 16 33 .................. 203 .................. 

1948 ........................................................ 775 775 577 360 151 18 48 .................. 198 .................. 

1949 ........................................................ 1,040 995 732 448 212 25 47 .................. 263 45 

1950 ........................................................ 1,337 1,320 915 540 292 32 51 .................. 405 17 

1951 ........................................................ 1,348 1,317 933 514 260 38 121 .................. 384 31 

1952 ........................................................ 1,452 1,312 975 486 208 51 230 .................. 337 140 

1953 ........................................................ 1,608 1,423 1,022 561 192 57 212 .................. 401 185 

1954 ........................................................ 1,395 1,289 923 400 163 45 299 16 366 106 

1955 ........................................................ 1,090 1,040 788 393 128 34 217 16 252 50 

1956 ........................................................ 916 893 646 406 124 28 62 26 247 23 

1957 ........................................................ 1,141 1,105 742 473 130 28 81 30 363 36 

1958 ........................................................ 1,343 1,279 910 554 183 26 120 27 369 64 

1959 ........................................................ 1,614 1,542 976 620 197 19 104 36 566 72 

1960 ........................................................ 1,927 1,803 1,002 711 128 17 104 42 801 124 

1961 ........................................................ 2,016 1,939 1,210 759 202 25 159 65 729 77 

1962 ........................................................ 2,328 2,156 1,321 774 261 17 199 70 835 172 

1963 ........................................................ 2,549 2,386 1,361 876 270 15 135 65 1,025 163 

1964 ........................................................ 2,929 2,754 1,408 904 262 30 149 63 1,346 175 

1965 ........................................................ 3,047 2,879 1,429 931 246 38 135 79 1,450 168 

1966 ........................................................ 3,265 3,081 1,551 997 278 53 156 67 1,530 184 

1967 ........................................................ 3,039 2,809 1,634 1,057 231 106 183 57 1,175 230 

1968 ........................................................ 2,867 2,536 1,641 978 211 144 232 76 895 331 

1969 ........................................................ 2,552 2,292 1,535 841 201 109 278 106 757 260 

1970 ........................................................ 2,542 2,306 1,495 765 174 102 348 106 811 236 

1971 ........................................................ 2,961 2,714 1,855 952 223 102 481 97 859 247 

1972 ........................................................ 3,573 3,389 2,096 1,084 241 96 580 95 1,293 184 

1973 ........................................................ 3,694 3,433 1,980 1,018 311 82 461 108 1,453 261 

1974 ........................................................ 3,950 3,599 2,260 1,088 312 94 510 256 1,339 351 

1975 ........................................................ 4,829 4,394 3,022 1,325 320 133 913 331 1,372 435 

1976 ........................................................ 5,217 4,869 3,284 1,331 385 119 1,045 404 1,585 348 

TQ ........................................................... 1,381 1,291 881 377 155 24 247 78 410 90 

1977 ........................................................ 5,764 5,396 3,796 1,442 603 30 1,204 517 1,600 368 

1978 ........................................................ 6,737 6,306 4,213 1,540 500 50 1,570 553 2,093 431 

1979 ........................................................ 7,766 7,070 4,814 1,684 518 18 1,813 781 2,256 696 

1980 ........................................................ 8,051 7,385 4,642 1,751 559 27 1,592 713 2,744 666 

1981 ........................................................ 8,760 7,715 4,891 1,634 555 59 1,912 731 2,824 1,045 

1982 ........................................................ 8,460 7,154 4,368 1,611 567 75 1,700 415 2,786 1,306 

1983 ........................................................ 7,994 7,176 4,632 1,419 582 100 1,361 1,171 2,543 819 

1984 ........................................................ 9,814 7,194 3,899 1,429 608 233 492 1,138 3,295 2,619 

1985 ........................................................ 11,746 8,139 4,620 1,307 657 186 1,479 992 3,519 3,607 

1986 ........................................................ 11,266 7,951 4,251 1,180 738 262 1,327 744 3,700 3,315 

1987 ........................................................ 12,534 8,345 4,584 1,305 678 248 1,619 734 3,760 4,190 

1988 ........................................................ 14,532 9,163 4,801 1,608 662 266 1,529 737 4,361 5,369 

1989 1 ...................................................... 13,909 8,694 4,384 1,712 717 199 1,086 669 4,311 5,214 



143 

Table 9.5—NONDEFENSE OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC DIRECT PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1940–1998—Continued 


Investments in Physical Capital 

Construction and Rehabilitation of Physical Assets 

Fiscal year 

Total 

Total 

Total 

Corps of 

Engineers 

Water and Power Projects 

Bureau of 

Reclamation 

Bonneville 


Power 

Marketing 

Agencies 

Tennessee 

Valley 

Authority 

Nuclear 



Acquisition 

of Major 

Equipment 

1990 1 ...................................................... 15,095 9,930 5,104 1,832 666 200 1,701 705 4,826 5,165 

1991 1 ...................................................... 16,326 10,847 4,712 1,687 674 184 1,309 858 6,135 5,479 

1992 1 ...................................................... 20,271 14,110 6,134 1,723 604 350 2,520 937 7,976 6,161 

1993 1 ...................................................... 19,101 13,016 4,907 1,468 505 434 1,589 911 8,109 6,085 

1994 1 ...................................................... 17,161 11,663 3,900 1,456 470 302 675 998 7,763 5,498 

1995 1 ...................................................... 19,474 13,324 4,970 1,591 429 154 1,972 824 8,354 6,150 

1996 1 ...................................................... 20,557 13,310 4,008 1,550 474 120 1,322 542 9,302 7,247 

1997 estimate 1 ....................................... 21,183 12,873 3,460 1,493 565 176 788 438 9,413 8,310 

1998 estimate 1 ....................................... 15,102 8,347 2,946 1,475 317 172 704 278 5,401 6,755 

1 Includes Postal Service off-budget amounts as follows: 

Construction and rehabilitation of physical assets: 1989: 668; 1990: 1,070; 1991: 1,277; 1992: 1,284; 1993: 677; 1994: 629; 1995: 996; 1996: 1,138; 1997: 1,063; 1998: 

1,251 

Ȧcquisition of major equipment: 1989: 232; 1990: 247; 1991: 85; 1992: 558; 1993: 516; 1994: 334; 1995: 390; 1996: 987; 1997: 2,478; 1998: 1,378. 

N/A: Not available.


Table 9.6—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941–1998 


Category 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 

Nondefense: 


Highways .................................................................. 172 152 88 48 33 44 183 327 403 

Airports ..................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 6 30 

Total transportation ............................................. 172 152 88 48 33 44 183 333 433 

Community and regional development: 

Public works acceleration/local public works .......... 117 68 130 134 119 68 31 8 8 

Total community and regional development ...... 117 68 130 134 119 68 31 8 8 

Natural resources and environment: 

Other ........................................................................ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 

Total natural resources and environment .......... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 

Other nondefense: 

Health ....................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 1 10 

Veterans ................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 29 384 96 7 

Total other nondefense ....................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 29 384 97 17 

Total, nondefense .............................................. 290 222 218 183 154 142 599 440 462 

Total ................................................................................. 290 222 218 183 154 142 599 440 462 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Table 9.6—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941–1998—Continued 


Category 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 

Nondefense: 


Highways .................................................................. 432 396 415 501 522 586 729 950 1,511 

Airports ..................................................................... 33 30 33 27 18 8 17 21 43 

Total transportation ............................................. 465 426 448 528 540 594 746 971 1,554 


Urban renewal ......................................................... .................... .................... .................... 8 12 34 14 30 37 

Public works acceleration/local public works .......... 1 * 4 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 

Other ........................................................................ .................... .................... .................... 5 5 6 7 4 4 

Total community and regional development ...... 1 * 4 13 17 40 21 34 41 


Pollution control facilities ......................................... 1 1 1 .................... .................... .................... .................... 2 19 




Education, training, employment, and social services 

...................................................................... .................... 62 55 134 105 121 89 67 74 

Health ....................................................................... 9 70 61 60 52 34 24 32 50 

Veterans ................................................................... 3 1 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 

Other ........................................................................ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 9 13 

Total other nondefense ....................................... 12 133 116 194 157 155 113 108 137 

Total, nondefense .............................................. 484 566 575 743 730 810 905 1,139 1,780 

National defense 1 .......................................................... .................... .................... .................... 13 14 10 10 9 8 

Total ................................................................................. 484 566 575 756 744 820 915 1,148 1,788 



145 



Category 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 

Nondefense: 


Highways .................................................................. 2,601 2,927 2,610 2,769 3,008 3,626 3,998 3,979 3,984 

Urban mass transportation 2 ................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 11 16 42 

Airports ..................................................................... 57 57 65 58 52 65 71 54 64 

Total transportation ............................................. 2,658 2,984 2,674 2,827 3,059 3,691 4,079 4,049 4,090 


Urban renewal ......................................................... 77 104 144 169 199 212 281 313 370 

Public works acceleration/local public works .......... .................... .................... .................... .................... 15 257 288 85 19 

Other ........................................................................ 3 2 1 * 2 14 13 22 105 

Total community and regional development ...... 80 106 145 170 217 484 582 420 495 


Pollution control facilities ......................................... 36 40 44 42 52 66 75 88 99 




Education, training, employment, and social services 

...................................................................... 66 71 59 42 53 39 50 119 236 

Health ....................................................................... 69 64 68 72 72 64 69 96 142 


Total other nondefense ....................................... 138 138 132 132 157 141 146 239 416 

Total, nondefense .............................................. 2,948 3,316 3,042 3,223 3,572 4,460 4,966 4,901 5,221 

National defense 1 .......................................................... 8 5 11 16 28 22 19 11 10 

Total ................................................................................. 2,956 3,321 3,053 3,239 3,600 4,482 4,985 4,912 5,231 





Category 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 

Nondefense: 


Highways ........................................................................................ 4,138 4,121 4,311 4,570 4,601 4,644 4,378 4,589 

Urban mass transportation 2 ......................................................... 66 141 119 187 259 358 503 687 

Airports ........................................................................................... 75 104 83 62 106 232 243 292 

Total transportation .................................................................... 4,279 4,366 4,514 4,818 4,966 5,235 5,123 5,568 


Block grants .................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 38 

Urban renewal ................................................................................ 475 534 1,054 1,026 1,218 1,010 1,205 1,374 

Public works acceleration/local public works ................................ 5 2 1 * * .................... .................... .................... 

Other ............................................................................................... 294 428 570 900 1,104 1,279 1,180 1,082 

Total community and regional development ............................. 774 964 1,624 1,927 2,322 2,289 2,386 2,494 


Pollution control facilities ............................................................... 133 161 176 478 413 684 1,553 1,938 

Other ............................................................................................... 176 145 189 169 214 230 299 338 

Total natural resources and environment ................................. 308 306 365 648 627 915 1,852 2,276 


Education, training, employment, and social services .................. 297 293 257 222 146 124 74 86 

Health ............................................................................................. 200 171 230 221 294 211 256 306 


Total other nondefense ............................................................. 524 513 537 465 478 395 444 502 

Total, nondefense .................................................................... 5,885 6,149 7,040 7,858 8,393 8,834 9,806 10,840 

National defense 1 ................................................................................ 11 16 16 14 24 31 39 41 

Total ........................................................................................................ 5,896 6,165 7,056 7,872 8,417 8,865 9,845 10,880 



147 



Category 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 

Nondefense: 


Highways ........................................................................................ 6,144 1,605 5,884 5,940 7,119 8,952 8,832 7,730 

Urban mass transportation 2 ......................................................... 946 265 1,307 1,358 2,278 2,072 2,599 2,593 

Airports ........................................................................................... 269 26 335 562 556 590 469 339 



Block grants .................................................................................... 983 439 2,089 2,464 3,161 4,126 4,042 3,792 

Urban renewal ................................................................................ 1,166 295 899 392 298 206 167 101 

Public works acceleration/local public works ................................ .................... .................... 577 3,057 1,741 416 83 40 

Other ............................................................................................... 667 159 604 628 895 1,039 1,268 1,239 

Total community and regional development ............................. 2,816 894 4,169 6,542 6,095 5,787 5,560 5,170 


Pollution control facilities ............................................................... 2,429 920 3,530 3,187 3,756 4,343 3,881 3,756 


Total natural resources and environment ................................. 2,788 1,016 3,906 3,597 4,269 4,906 4,482 4,070 



Health ............................................................................................. 361 64 330 212 132 10 32 11 


Total other nondefense ............................................................. 494 121 494 305 265 155 177 222 



Total ........................................................................................................ 13,517 3,936 16,164 18,328 20,639 22,518 22,152 20,156 





Category 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 

Nondefense: 


Highways ........................................................................................ 8,759 10,372 12,685 13,939 12,478 13,714 13,240 13,961 

Urban mass transportation 2 ......................................................... 2,785 3,146 2,473 2,754 2,577 2,425 2,686 3,165 

Airports ........................................................................................... 453 694 789 853 917 825 1,135 1,220 



Block grants .................................................................................... 4,005 4,273 4,314 3,787 3,322 3,266 2,948 2,818 

Urban renewal ................................................................................ 38 24 28 13 .................... .................... .................... .................... 

Public works acceleration/local public works ................................ .................... 1 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 


Total community and regional development ............................. 4,722 4,896 4,997 4,531 3,998 4,046 3,894 3,739 


Pollution control facilities ............................................................... 2,983 2,619 2,936 3,158 2,961 2,600 2,498 2,533 





Health ............................................................................................. 55 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 

Subsidized housing ........................................................................ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 261 750 1,372 


Total other nondefense ............................................................. 194 254 293 280 203 511 1,077 1,679 



Total ........................................................................................................ 20,513 22,693 24,901 26,268 23,849 24,888 25,296 27,185 



149 



Category 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

Nondefense: 


Highways ........................................................................................ 14,197 15,038 16,177 18,419 19,200 19,644 19,588 19,525 

Urban mass transportation 2 ......................................................... 3,230 2,778 3,078 2,563 3,581 3,723 3,937 3,622 

Airports ........................................................................................... 1,541 1,672 1,931 1,620 1,826 1,655 1,519 1,395 

Other ............................................................................................... .................... * * 1 1 1 1 1 



Block grants .................................................................................... 2,976 3,090 3,198 3,651 4,333 4,545 4,837 4,641 

Other ............................................................................................... 760 738 526 811 989 1,183 1,259 1,189 

Total community and regional development ............................. 3,736 3,828 3,724 4,462 5,322 5,728 6,096 5,830 


Pollution control facilities ............................................................... 2,714 2,631 2,358 2,219 2,671 2,368 2,127 2,119 

Other ............................................................................................... 761 773 816 877 999 929 1,120 1,020 



Education, training, employment, and social services .................. 25 48 –44 76 40 143 138 97 

Subsidized housing ........................................................................ 1,691 2,101 2,654 3,980 4,422 4,540 4,296 3,579 

Other ............................................................................................... 233 203 415 1,042 1,510 1,608 2,314 2,689 

Total other nondefense ............................................................. 1,949 2,352 3,025 5,097 5,972 6,291 6,748 6,365 



Total ........................................................................................................ 28,237 29,297 31,170 35,274 39,579 40,355 41,145 39,881 


1 National Guard shelters and civil defense. 

2 Includes relatively small amounts for railroads. 

Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works.


Table 9.7—SUMMARY OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949–1998 

Fiscal Year 

National 

Defense 


Total 

National 

Defense 



Total 

As Percentages of Total 

Outlays 

National 

Defense 

Total 


National 

Defense 

Nondefense 

Nondefense 

Nondefense 

Nondefense 

Total 

1949 ............................................................. 762 178 940 4.2 1.0 5.2 2.0 0.5 2.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 

1950 ............................................................. 772 282 1,054 4.3 1.6 5.9 1.8 0.7 2.5 0.3 0.1 0.4 

1951 ............................................................. 846 279 1,125 4.5 1.5 6.0 1.9 0.6 2.5 0.3 0.1 0.4 

1952 ............................................................. 1,204 291 1,495 6.3 1.5 7.8 1.8 0.4 2.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 

1953 ............................................................. 1,553 295 1,848 7.9 1.5 9.4 2.0 0.4 2.4 0.4 0.1 0.5 

1954 ............................................................. 1,551 297 1,848 7.8 1.5 9.3 2.2 0.4 2.6 0.4 0.1 0.5 

1955 ............................................................. 1,550 345 1,895 7.7 1.7 9.4 2.3 0.5 2.8 0.4 0.1 0.5 

1956 ............................................................. 1,898 428 2,326 9.1 2.1 11.1 2.7 0.6 3.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 

1957 ............................................................. 2,134 577 2,711 9.9 2.7 12.6 2.8 0.8 3.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 

1958 ............................................................. 2,459 729 3,188 11.1 3.3 14.4 3.0 0.9 3.9 0.5 0.2 0.7 

1959 ............................................................. 5,364 1,020 6,384 23.7 4.5 28.2 5.8 1.1 6.9 1.1 0.2 1.3 

1960 ............................................................. 5,937 1,385 7,322 25.6 6.0 31.5 6.4 1.5 7.9 1.1 0.3 1.4 

1961 ............................................................. 6,922 1,864 8,786 29.3 7.9 37.2 7.1 1.9 9.0 1.3 0.4 1.7 

1962 ............................................................. 7,090 2,747 9,837 29.7 11.5 41.2 6.6 2.6 9.2 1.2 0.5 1.7 

1963 ............................................................. 7,144 4,221 11,365 29.5 17.5 47.0 6.4 3.8 10.2 1.2 0.7 1.9 

1964 ............................................................. 7,865 5,931 13,796 32.1 24.2 56.3 6.6 5.0 11.6 1.2 0.9 2.2 

1965 ............................................................. 7,077 6,763 13,840 28.4 27.1 55.6 6.0 5.7 11.7 1.0 1.0 2.0 

1966 ............................................................. 7,097 7,821 14,918 27.8 30.7 58.5 5.3 5.8 11.1 0.9 1.0 2.0 

1967 ............................................................. 8,068 7,894 15,962 30.7 30.0 60.7 5.1 5.0 10.1 1.0 1.0 2.0 

1968 ............................................................. 8,544 7,628 16,172 31.3 28.0 59.3 4.8 4.3 9.1 1.0 0.9 1.9 

1969 ............................................................. 8,314 7,346 15,660 29.2 25.8 55.0 4.5 4.0 8.5 0.9 0.8 1.7 

1970 ............................................................. 8,021 7,132 15,153 26.7 23.8 50.5 4.1 3.6 7.7 0.8 0.7 1.5 

1971 ............................................................. 8,108 7,301 15,409 25.7 23.1 48.8 3.9 3.5 7.3 0.8 0.7 1.4 

1972 ............................................................. 8,837 7,466 16,303 26.7 22.6 49.3 3.8 3.2 7.1 0.8 0.6 1.4 

1973 ............................................................. 9,139 7,896 17,035 26.5 22.9 49.3 3.7 3.2 6.9 0.7 0.6 1.3 

1974 ............................................................. 9,406 8,028 17,434 25.4 21.7 47.1 3.5 3.0 6.5 0.7 0.6 1.2 

1975 ............................................................. 9,715 8,821 18,536 23.8 21.6 45.5 2.9 2.7 5.6 0.6 0.6 1.2 

1976 ............................................................. 9,819 10,169 19,988 22.4 23.2 45.7 2.6 2.7 5.4 0.6 0.6 1.2 

TQ ................................................................ 2,455 2,745 5,200 5.4 6.1 11.5 2.6 2.9 5.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 

1977 ............................................................. 10,874 10,569 21,443 23.2 22.5 45.7 2.7 2.6 5.2 0.6 0.5 1.1 

1978 ............................................................. 12,077 12,455 24,532 24.0 24.8 48.8 2.6 2.7 5.3 0.5 0.6 1.1 

1979 ............................................................. 12,129 14,196 26,325 22.2 26.0 48.3 2.4 2.8 5.2 0.5 0.6 1.1 

1980 ............................................................. 14,643 15,592 30,235 24.7 26.3 51.0 2.5 2.6 5.1 0.5 0.6 1.1 

1981 ............................................................. 16,937 17,231 34,168 26.0 26.5 52.5 2.5 2.5 5.0 0.6 0.6 1.1 

1982 ............................................................. 19,809 14,850 34,660 28.4 21.3 49.7 2.7 2.0 4.6 0.6 0.5 1.1 

1983 ............................................................. 22,298 13,602 35,900 30.6 18.7 49.3 2.8 1.7 4.4 0.7 0.4 1.0 

1984 ............................................................. 25,765 15,221 40,986 34.0 20.1 54.1 3.0 1.8 4.8 0.7 0.4 1.1 

1985 ............................................................. 30,360 16,856 47,216 38.8 21.5 60.3 3.2 1.8 5.0 0.7 0.4 1.2 

1986 ............................................................. 35,656 16,485 52,141 44.3 20.5 64.7 3.6 1.7 5.3 0.8 0.4 1.2 

1987 ............................................................. 37,097 16,159 53,256 44.7 19.5 64.2 3.7 1.6 5.3 0.8 0.4 1.2 

1988 ............................................................. 38,032 18,068 56,100 44.3 21.1 65.4 3.6 1.7 5.3 0.8 0.4 1.1 

1989 1 ........................................................... 40,366 20,394 60,760 45.1 22.8 67.9 3.5 1.8 5.3 0.8 0.4 1.1 

1990 1 ........................................................... 41,078 22,732 63,810 44.1 24.4 68.5 3.3 1.8 5.1 0.7 0.4 1.1 

1991 1 ........................................................... 37,887 24,296 62,183 39.0 25.0 64.0 2.9 1.8 4.7 0.6 0.4 1.1 

1992 1 ........................................................... 38,170 26,558 64,728 38.2 26.6 64.7 2.8 1.9 4.7 0.6 0.4 1.1 

1993 1 ........................................................... 40,396 27,982 68,378 39.4 27.3 66.6 2.9 2.0 4.9 0.6 0.4 1.1 

1994 1 ........................................................... 38,055 28,397 66,453 36.2 27.0 63.3 2.6 1.9 4.5 0.6 0.4 1.0 

1995 1 ........................................................... 37,699 30,733 68,432 35.0 28.6 63.6 2.5 2.0 4.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 

1996 1 ........................................................... 39,428 28,994 68,422 35.9 26.4 62.3 2.5 1.9 4.4 0.5 0.4 0.9 

1997 estimate 1 ............................................ 38,916 31,369 70,285 34.5 27.8 62.4 2.4 1.9 4.3 0.5 0.4 0.9 

1998 estimate 1 ............................................ 37,416 32,790 70,206 32.4 28.4 60.7 2.2 1.9 4.2 0.5 0.4 0.9 

1 Includes off-budget Postal Service investments of the following amounts (in millions of current dollars): 1989: 64; 1990: 82; 1991: 116; 1992: 152; 1993: 57; 1994: 51; 1995: 52; 

1996: 55; 1997: 57; 1998: 60. Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual 

post-benchmark revision levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.


151 

Table 9.8—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949–1998 


Category 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 

National defense: 

Department of Defense ................................................................. 688 700 775 1,100 1,412 1,385 1,397 1,683 1,882 

Atomic energy defense ................................................................. 74 72 71 104 141 166 153 215 252 

Total national defense ............................................................ 762 772 846 1,204 1,553 1,551 1,550 1,898 2,134 

Nondefense: 

General science, space, and technology: 

NASA ......................................................................................... 42 43 44 51 50 48 43 50 55 

NSF ........................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 4 8 15 28 

Atomic energy general science ................................................ 40 49 50 60 63 64 73 78 91 

Subtotal ................................................................................. 82 92 94 111 113 116 124 143 174 

Energy ............................................................................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 27 42 77 


DOT ........................................................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13 

Subtotal ................................................................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13 

Health: 

NIH ............................................................................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 

Other .......................................................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 

Subtotal ................................................................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 45 51 69 81 134 

Agriculture ...................................................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 49 53 62 82 86 

Natural resources and environment ............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 38 38 32 38 45 

All other 1 ...................................................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 50 39 31 42 48 

Total nondefense 1 ................................................................. 178 282 279 291 295 297 345 428 577 

Total conduct of research and development 1 ............................ 940 1,054 1,125 1,495 1,848 1,848 1,895 2,326 2,711 

Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified 

as grants (all nondefense) ................................................. 11 14 14 14 14 13 21 31 40 



Table 9.8—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949–1998—Continued 


Category 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 


Department of Defense ................................................................. 2,178 4,950 5,517 6,466 6,689 6,792 7,419 6,623 6,675 


Total national defense ............................................................ 2,459 5,364 5,937 6,922 7,090 7,144 7,865 7,077 7,097 

Nondefense: 


NASA ......................................................................................... 72 115 330 646 1,112 2,291 3,693 4,497 5,275 

NSF ........................................................................................... 31 47 57 70 84 100 147 147 176 


Subtotal ................................................................................. 229 319 570 930 1,427 2,655 4,128 4,953 5,790 

Energy ............................................................................................ 109 129 159 173 397 462 502 478 452 


DOT ........................................................................................... 26 53 77 89 83 111 107 159 117 

NASA ......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 31 36 40 58 75 

Subtotal ................................................................................. 26 53 77 89 114 147 147 217 192 

Health: 

NIH ............................................................................................ N/A N/A 247 295 398 511 637 523 536 

Other .......................................................................................... N/A N/A 30 35 36 40 66 67 202 

Subtotal ................................................................................. 157 216 277 330 434 551 703 590 738 

Agriculture ...................................................................................... 97 104 107 117 129 142 154 179 205 

Natural resources and environment ............................................. 54 88 68 106 100 118 120 140 160 

All other 1 ...................................................................................... 57 111 127 119 146 146 177 206 284 

Total nondefense 1 ................................................................. 729 1,020 1,385 1,864 2,747 4,221 5,931 6,763 7,821 

Total conduct of research and development 1 ............................ 3,188 6,384 7,322 8,786 9,837 11,365 13,796 13,840 14,918 





153 



Category 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 


Department of Defense ................................................................. 7,649 8,071 7,762 7,519 7,639 8,238 8,529 8,960 9,284 


Total national defense ............................................................ 8,068 8,544 8,314 8,021 8,108 8,837 9,139 9,406 9,715 

Nondefense: 


NASA ......................................................................................... 5,042 4,462 4,025 3,518 3,143 3,059 3,045 2,900 2,876 

NSF ........................................................................................... 209 248 280 292 334 407 432 539 571 


Subtotal ................................................................................. 5,610 4,991 4,690 4,203 3,857 3,836 3,849 3,731 3,757 

Energy ............................................................................................ 478 515 469 451 454 329 379 525 933 


DOT ........................................................................................... 69 107 96 224 444 291 299 322 307 

NASA ......................................................................................... 89 128 162 183 205 221 235 283 309 

Subtotal ................................................................................. 158 235 258 407 649 512 534 605 616 

Health: 

NIH ............................................................................................ 795 784 859 879 912 1,096 1,318 1,413 1,631 

Other .......................................................................................... 110 199 214 194 211 279 341 245 258 

Subtotal ................................................................................. 905 983 1,073 1,073 1,123 1,375 1,659 1,658 1,889 

Agriculture ...................................................................................... 215 231 232 246 268 296 293 315 352 

Natural resources and environment ............................................. 181 207 232 301 351 507 539 511 647 

All other 1 ...................................................................................... 347 466 392 451 599 611 643 683 627 

Total nondefense 1 ................................................................. 7,894 7,628 7,346 7,132 7,301 7,466 7,896 8,028 8,821 

Total conduct of research and development 1 ............................ 15,962 16,172 15,660 15,153 15,409 16,303 17,035 17,434 18,536 







Category 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 


Department of Defense ...................................................................................... 9,341 2,312 10,210 10,726 11,045 13,469 15,739 18,363 

Atomic energy defense ...................................................................................... 478 143 664 1,351 1,083 1,174 1,199 1,447 

Total national defense ................................................................................ 9,819 2,455 10,874 12,077 12,129 14,643 16,937 19,809 

Nondefense: 


NASA .............................................................................................................. 3,227 846 3,506 3,454 3,655 4,262 4,798 2,697 

NSF ................................................................................................................ 623 194 668 701 775 838 900 1,020 

Atomic energy general science ..................................................................... 257 72 267 274 305 345 501 401 

Subtotal ...................................................................................................... 4,107 1,112 4,441 4,429 4,735 5,445 6,199 4,118 

Energy ................................................................................................................ 1,424 521 2,197 2,542 3,304 3,289 3,681 3,330 


DOT ................................................................................................................ 329 100 315 326 350 412 409 341 

NASA .............................................................................................................. 324 82 336 379 408 449 481 523 

Subtotal ...................................................................................................... 653 182 651 705 758 861 890 864 

Health: 

NIH ................................................................................................................. 2,098 548 1,314 2,439 2,626 2,898 3,352 3,435 

Other .............................................................................................................. 194 130 335 325 614 784 732 906 

Subtotal ...................................................................................................... 2,292 678 1,649 2,764 3,240 3,682 4,084 4,341 

Agriculture ........................................................................................................... 416 100 469 499 549 563 643 696 

Natural resources and environment .................................................................. 646 166 585 675 895 951 912 838 

All other 1 ........................................................................................................... 631 –14 577 841 715 801 822 664 

Total nondefense 1 ...................................................................................... 10,169 2,745 10,569 12,455 14,196 15,592 17,231 14,850 

Total conduct of research and development 1 ................................................ 19,988 5,200 21,443 24,532 26,325 30,235 34,168 34,660 

Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants 

(all nondefense) ................................................................................................ 285 80 272 252 256 288 251 290 



155 



Category 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 



Atomic energy defense ...................................................................................... 1,732 1,915 2,195 2,260 2,365 2,427 2,547 2,831 


Nondefense: 


NASA .............................................................................................................. 1,999 3,023 2,410 2,863 2,693 3,252 4,220 5,624 

NSF ................................................................................................................ 998 1,127 1,182 1,399 1,426 1,513 1,570 1,520 


Subtotal ...................................................................................................... 3,461 4,656 4,102 4,772 4,695 5,383 6,470 7,927 

Energy ................................................................................................................ 2,728 2,762 4,249 2,622 2,321 2,287 2,454 2,342 


DOT ................................................................................................................ 270 342 467 489 347 323 322 272 

NASA .............................................................................................................. 539 515 559 568 557 580 755 701 

Subtotal ...................................................................................................... 809 857 1,027 1,057 905 903 1,077 973 

Health: 

NIH ................................................................................................................. 3,532 3,942 4,412 4,837 4,942 6,022 6,634 7,092 

Other .............................................................................................................. 929 617 719 738 869 849 912 1,162 

Subtotal ...................................................................................................... 4,461 4,560 5,131 5,574 5,811 6,872 7,546 8,253 

Agriculture ........................................................................................................... 717 754 775 798 796 838 908 937 

Natural resources and environment .................................................................. 856 846 884 924 886 1,052 1,056 1,220 

All other 1 ........................................................................................................... 570 787 689 738 745 732 883 1,081 









Category 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 



Atomic energy defense ...................................................................................... 2,557 2,666 2,730 2,581 2,343 2,492 2,431 2,349 


Nondefense: 


NASA .............................................................................................................. 6,277 6,641 7,004 6,663 8,243 6,963 7,524 7,767 

NSF ................................................................................................................ 1,631 1,733 1,753 1,873 1,894 2,077 2,195 2,201 


Subtotal ...................................................................................................... 8,741 9,157 9,546 9,205 10,837 9,745 10,424 10,707 

Energy ................................................................................................................ 2,501 2,593 2,517 2,654 3,152 2,938 2,577 2,796 


DOT ................................................................................................................ 333 373 420 519 604 534 549 941 

NASA .............................................................................................................. 795 976 1,084 1,215 749 1,120 1,261 1,194 

Subtotal ...................................................................................................... 1,127 1,348 1,504 1,734 1,353 1,654 1,810 2,135 

Health: 

NIH ................................................................................................................. 7,257 7,936 9,063 9,620 10,299 9,642 11,469 12,060 

Other .............................................................................................................. 1,272 1,721 1,311 1,008 961 856 851 836 

Subtotal ...................................................................................................... 8,528 9,656 10,374 10,628 11,260 10,498 12,320 12,896 

Agriculture ........................................................................................................... 990 1,070 1,129 1,158 1,186 1,168 1,182 1,185 

Natural resources and environment .................................................................. 1,323 1,593 1,762 1,747 1,662 1,593 1,620 1,673 

All other 1 ........................................................................................................... 1,085 1,141 1,150 1,271 1,283 1,398 1,436 1,398 





1 Includes off-budget Postal Service amounts as shown in the footnote to Table 9.7. 

N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals. 

Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983.


157 

Table 9.9—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962–1998 


Category 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 

Direct Federal outlays: 

Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ........................................................... 100 110 122 154 206 272 291 349 

Higher education ................................................................................................................ 313 411 367 396 648 972 1,005 883 

Training and employment .................................................................................................. 12 64 42 255 398 657 710 682 

Health ................................................................................................................................. 132 165 219 209 233 278 210 354 

Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................................ 159 101 77 58 54 305 478 701 

All other .............................................................................................................................. 53 50 55 66 80 111 153 150 

Total, direct ................................................................................................................... 768 901 882 1,138 1,619 2,595 2,847 3,119 

Grants to State and local governments: 

Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ........................................................... 382 442 457 565 1,421 2,038 2,224 2,121 

Higher education ................................................................................................................ 15 15 15 17 58 188 389 351 

Research and general education aids .............................................................................. 8 7 9 29 45 70 103 77 

Training and employment .................................................................................................. .............. .............. 80 23 22 34 260 317 

Social services ................................................................................................................... 65 73 88 106 234 480 605 692 


Total, grants ................................................................................................................. 538 610 726 821 1,874 2,931 3,889 3,833 

Total conduct of education and training .......................................................................... 1,306 1,511 1,607 1,959 3,494 5,526 6,737 6,953 

Memorandum: Conduct of education and training 

As a percentage of total outlays ....................................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars .......................................................................... 6.7 7.5 7.7 9.1 15.8 24.3 28.4 27.6 

Table 9.9—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962–1998—Continued 


Category 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 



Higher education ................................................................................................................ 1,043 1,125 1,231 1,345 1,380 2,096 2,770 736 


Health ................................................................................................................................. 367 391 437 655 564 564 602 192 

Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................................ 1,015 1,659 1,960 2,801 3,249 4,593 5,531 784 


Total, direct ................................................................................................................... 3,253 4,175 5,060 6,176 6,409 8,476 10,236 2,062 


Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ........................................................... 2,510 2,914 3,221 3,153 3,241 3,945 3,812 942 



Training and employment .................................................................................................. 757 1,013 1,156 987 1,137 1,985 2,355 856 

Social services ................................................................................................................... 767 846 859 949 971 1,244 1,269 376 


Total, grants ................................................................................................................. 4,874 5,606 6,019 5,765 6,053 8,021 8,264 2,360 




In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars .......................................................................... 30.0 33.5 35.4 35.9 34.8 41.5 43.0 9.9




Category 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 



Higher education ................................................................................................................ 3,117 3,648 4,898 6,576 8,638 7,003 7,070 7,233 


Health ................................................................................................................................. 519 648 443 644 681 644 459 370 

Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................................ 3,713 3,396 2,789 2,418 2,367 2,083 1,827 1,556 

All other .............................................................................................................................. 662 719 1,005 1,090 1,011 802 868 1,153 

Total, direct ................................................................................................................... 8,888 9,419 10,359 12,060 14,068 11,884 11,524 11,582 


Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ........................................................... 4,200 4,779 5,542 6,277 6,617 6,214 5,663 5,869 



Training and employment .................................................................................................. 2,444 3,256 3,643 4,295 4,391 3,225 3,188 2,556 

Social services ................................................................................................................... 1,302 1,379 1,707 1,848 1,834 1,655 1,777 2,258 


Total, grants ................................................................................................................. 8,973 10,356 11,929 13,535 13,801 12,010 11,503 11,521 




In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars .......................................................................... 38.2 39.8 41.6 43.5 42.5 34.1 31.3 30.3 



Category 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 


Elementary, secondary, and vocational education .............................................................................. 521 356 634 502 581 521 857 

Higher education ................................................................................................................................... 8,056 8,261 7,238 8,129 10,474 10,996 11,862 

Training and employment ..................................................................................................................... 688 689 726 793 793 848 879 

Health .................................................................................................................................................... 438 489 533 527 591 532 608 

Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation .................................................................................. 1,390 1,176 1,113 1,055 1,018 786 803 

All other ................................................................................................................................................. 980 1,021 1,084 1,127 1,254 1,442 1,571 

Total, direct ..................................................................................................................................... 12,071 11,993 11,327 12,134 14,712 15,124 16,579 


Elementary, secondary, and vocational education .............................................................................. 7,031 7,408 7,204 7,813 8,499 9,281 10,444 

Higher education ................................................................................................................................... 82 83 81 89 89 98 79 

Research and general education aids ................................................................................................. 260 296 366 360 386 396 478 

Training and employment ..................................................................................................................... 2,775 3,019 2,930 2,958 3,020 3,300 3,530 

Social services ...................................................................................................................................... 1,779 2,292 2,321 3,029 2,875 2,891 3,045 

All other ................................................................................................................................................. 543 510 431 422 453 474 487 

Total, grants .................................................................................................................................... 12,470 13,607 13,333 14,671 15,322 16,440 18,063 

Total conduct of education and training ............................................................................................. 24,541 25,599 24,661 26,805 30,034 31,564 34,642 


As a percentage of total outlays .......................................................................................................... 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars ............................................................................................. 31.0 31.5 29.2 30.7 33.3 33.7 35.4


159 



Category 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 


Elementary, secondary, and vocational education .............................................................................. 706 760 806 958 809 823 813 

Higher education ................................................................................................................................... 11,156 14,339 7,753 14,077 12,064 9,064 11,274 

Training and employment ..................................................................................................................... 912 1,024 1,085 1,126 1,013 1,127 1,194 

Health .................................................................................................................................................... 748 775 759 766 760 864 804 

Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation .................................................................................. 995 1,091 1,358 1,374 1,373 1,558 1,580 

All other ................................................................................................................................................. 2,287 2,393 2,488 2,857 2,845 2,900 2,837 

Total, direct ..................................................................................................................................... 16,803 20,382 14,249 21,158 18,864 16,336 18,502 


Elementary, secondary, and vocational education .............................................................................. 11,627 12,763 13,314 13,677 13,930 15,288 15,574 

Higher education ................................................................................................................................... 96 119 111 117 108 77 74 

Research and general education aids ................................................................................................. 292 315 289 268 288 286 377 

Training and employment ..................................................................................................................... 3,982 3,982 4,149 4,573 4,162 3,783 4,208 

Social services ...................................................................................................................................... 3,878 3,862 4,936 5,584 5,702 6,185 6,391 

All other ................................................................................................................................................. 501 502 527 496 505 501 504 

Total, grants .................................................................................................................................... 20,376 21,543 23,327 24,715 24,695 26,120 27,128 

Total conduct of education and training ............................................................................................. 37,179 41,925 37,576 45,873 43,559 42,456 45,630 


As a percentage of total outlays .......................................................................................................... 2.7 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.7 

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars ............................................................................................. 37.2 40.8 35.8 42.5 39.3 37.4 38.9


Table 10.1—GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND DEFLATORS USED IN THE HISTORICAL TABLES: 1940–2002 

(Fiscal Year 1992 = 1.000) 

Composite Outlay Deflators 

Year 

GDP 

(in billions 

of dollars) 

GDP 

Deflator 

Total 

Total 

Defense 

Total 

Nondefense 

Payments for Individuals 

Total Direct Grants 


Grants 

All 


Addendum: Direct Capital 

Total 

Defense 

Net Interest 

Undistributed 

Offsetting 

Receipts 

Nondefense 

1940 ....................... 97.8 0.1021 0.0867 0.0798 0.0884 0.1041 0.1041 0.1041 0.0832 0.1021 0.0658 0.0812 0.1239 0.1224 0.1245 

1941 ....................... 115.4 0.1064 0.0909 0.0926 0.0895 0.1089 0.1089 0.1089 0.0795 0.1064 0.0606 0.0783 0.1454 0.1447 0.1472 

1942 ....................... 145.3 0.1124 0.1052 0.1147 0.0859 0.1183 0.1183 0.1183 0.0794 0.1124 0.0675 0.0759 0.1565 0.1563 0.1590 

1943 ....................... 179.8 0.1161 0.1174 0.1270 0.0824 0.1295 0.1295 0.1295 0.0845 0.1161 0.0698 0.0726 0.1650 0.1650 0.1678 

1944 ....................... 206.7 0.1174 0.1106 0.1163 0.0840 0.1383 0.1383 0.1383 0.0858 0.1174 0.0707 0.0717 0.1616 0.1616 0.1645 

1945 ....................... 217.4 0.1210 0.1075 0.1084 0.0997 0.1445 0.1445 0.1444 0.0866 0.1210 0.0751 0.0766 0.1544 0.1544 0.1571 

1946 ....................... 217.8 0.1381 0.1044 0.0987 0.1302 0.1550 0.1550 0.1550 0.0938 0.1381 0.0846 0.0889 0.1530 0.1529 0.1554 

1947 ....................... 228.5 0.1651 0.1249 0.1050 0.1407 0.1707 0.1707 0.1708 0.1280 0.1651 0.1075 0.1094 0.1450 0.1446 0.1471 

1948 ....................... 253.5 0.1739 0.1280 0.1031 0.1432 0.1800 0.1800 0.1800 0.1242 0.1739 0.0974 0.1021 0.1919 0.1912 0.1945 

1949 ....................... 269.5 0.1806 0.1286 0.1066 0.1438 0.1842 0.1842 0.1841 0.1333 0.1806 0.1040 0.1097 0.2298 0.2286 0.2326 

1950 ....................... 272.6 0.1781 0.1333 0.1063 0.1517 0.1842 0.1843 0.1839 0.1270 0.1781 0.1067 0.1139 0.2167 0.2153 0.2190 

1951 ....................... 321.0 0.1878 0.1298 0.1092 0.1627 0.1950 0.1951 0.1944 0.1432 0.1878 0.1031 0.1143 0.2428 0.2420 0.2462 

1952 ....................... 349.2 0.1911 0.1335 0.1203 0.1747 0.2008 0.2008 0.2002 0.1475 0.1911 0.1073 0.1206 0.2623 0.2619 0.2665 

1953 ....................... 372.4 0.1957 0.1440 0.1331 0.1767 0.2054 0.2055 0.2050 0.1550 0.1957 0.1118 0.1249 0.2593 0.2590 0.2635 

1954 ....................... 377.1 0.1977 0.1493 0.1354 0.1949 0.2077 0.2077 0.2075 0.1520 0.1977 0.1142 0.1332 0.2563 0.2560 0.2605 

1955 ....................... 395.5 0.2014 0.1518 0.1370 0.1849 0.2087 0.2087 0.2086 0.1561 0.2014 0.1178 0.1285 0.2519 0.2516 0.2560 

1956 ....................... 426.6 0.2087 0.1602 0.1460 0.1876 0.2124 0.2124 0.2123 0.1604 0.2087 0.1258 0.1349 0.2717 0.2714 0.2761 

1957 ....................... 449.9 0.2158 0.1702 0.1561 0.1959 0.2181 0.2181 0.2180 0.1735 0.2158 0.1329 0.1436 0.2856 0.2853 0.2903 

1958 ....................... 458.8 0.2207 0.1799 0.1636 0.2070 0.2235 0.2235 0.2234 0.1870 0.2207 0.1406 0.1541 0.2917 0.2913 0.2964 

1959 ....................... 489.7 0.2267 0.1917 0.1799 0.2071 0.2271 0.2271 0.2270 0.1976 0.2267 0.1516 0.1637 0.3036 0.3032 0.3085 

1960 ....................... 518.3 0.2321 0.2012 0.1871 0.2193 0.2320 0.2320 0.2318 0.2002 0.2321 0.1608 0.1785 0.3072 0.3067 0.3120 

1961 ....................... 530.4 0.2364 0.2062 0.1918 0.2234 0.2354 0.2354 0.2353 0.1988 0.2364 0.1678 0.1864 0.3047 0.3041 0.3094 

1962 ....................... 567.3 0.2388 0.2087 0.1959 0.2226 0.2374 0.2374 0.2373 0.2017 0.2388 0.1712 0.1893 0.3152 0.3146 0.3201 

1963 ....................... 599.0 0.2418 0.2164 0.2039 0.2294 0.2404 0.2404 0.2402 0.2079 0.2418 0.1757 0.1987 0.3241 0.3235 0.3291 

1964 ....................... 639.8 0.2450 0.2199 0.2061 0.2332 0.2437 0.2437 0.2435 0.2118 0.2450 0.1827 0.2084 0.3276 0.3268 0.3325 

1965 ....................... 686.8 0.2491 0.2227 0.2061 0.2371 0.2470 0.2470 0.2468 0.2171 0.2491 0.1903 0.2151 0.3280 0.3270 0.3328 

1966 ....................... 752.7 0.2549 0.2295 0.2146 0.2423 0.2518 0.2518 0.2516 0.2178 0.2549 0.2012 0.2244 0.3290 0.3281 0.3338 

1967 ....................... 811.9 0.2630 0.2368 0.2232 0.2494 0.2588 0.2588 0.2587 0.2257 0.2630 0.2081 0.2303 0.3473 0.3466 0.3527 

1968 ....................... 868.0 0.2728 0.2469 0.2346 0.2584 0.2672 0.2672 0.2671 0.2358 0.2728 0.2186 0.2389 0.3619 0.3613 0.3676 

1969 ....................... 948.1 0.2847 0.2606 0.2474 0.2725 0.2779 0.2779 0.2778 0.2505 0.2847 0.2317 0.2539 0.3717 0.3711 0.3776 

1970 ....................... 1,009.4 0.2999 0.2765 0.2629 0.2871 0.2905 0.2905 0.2904 0.2700 0.2999 0.2525 0.2719 0.3923 0.3916 0.3985 

1971 ....................... 1,077.4 0.3156 0.2939 0.2787 0.3038 0.3042 0.3042 0.3041 0.2914 0.3156 0.2735 0.2933 0.4087 0.4078 0.4149 

1972 ....................... 1,177.0 0.3307 0.3123 0.3019 0.3181 0.3163 0.3163 0.3162 0.3076 0.3307 0.3051 0.3202 0.4154 0.4143 0.4215 

1973 ....................... 1,306.8 0.3454 0.3280 0.3201 0.3317 0.3285 0.3285 0.3284 0.3233 0.3454 0.3296 0.3417 0.4185 0.4173 0.4246 

1974 ....................... 1,438.1 0.3699 0.3547 0.3476 0.3577 0.3544 0.3544 0.3543 0.3532 0.3699 0.3517 0.3627 0.4423 0.4442 0.4343 

1975 ....................... 1,554.5 0.4076 0.3921 0.3861 0.3942 0.3898 0.3898 0.3897 0.3950 0.4076 0.3854 0.3990 0.4935 0.4867 0.5218 

1976 ....................... 1,730.4 0.4374 0.4199 0.4134 0.4220 0.4155 0.4156 0.4155 0.4285 0.4374 0.4163 0.4310 0.5144 0.5047 0.5538 

TQ .......................... 454.8 0.4507 0.4342 0.4272 0.4364 0.4291 0.4292 0.4291 0.4451 0.4507 0.4324 0.4456 0.5392 0.5295 0.5732 

1977 ....................... 1,971.4 0.4693 0.4540 0.4494 0.4554 0.4478 0.4478 0.4477 0.4620 0.4693 0.4629 0.4736 0.5497 0.5425 0.5784 

1978 ....................... 2,212.6 0.5031 0.4857 0.4806 0.4872 0.4789 0.4789 0.4787 0.4931 0.5031 0.4926 0.5023 0.5750 0.5698 0.5938 

1979 ....................... 2,495.9 0.5454 0.5267 0.5245 0.5274 0.5194 0.5195 0.5194 0.5346 0.5454 0.5232 0.5367 0.6337 0.6343 0.6314 

1980 ....................... 2,718.9 0.5933 0.5819 0.5843 0.5812 0.5749 0.5749 0.5748 0.5936 0.5933 0.5694 0.5837 0.6926 0.6881 0.7114 

1981 ....................... 3,049.1 0.6508 0.6421 0.6513 0.6394 0.6303 0.6303 0.6302 0.6579 0.6508 0.6417 0.6526 0.7580 0.7546 0.7736 

1982 ....................... 3,211.3 0.6968 0.6865 0.7028 0.6813 0.6711 0.6711 0.6710 0.7080 0.6968 0.6796 0.6933 0.8156 0.8116 0.8387 

1983 ....................... 3,421.9 0.7281 0.7195 0.7391 0.7129 0.7030 0.7030 0.7029 0.7434 0.7281 0.7145 0.7263 0.8637 0.8631 0.8678 

1984 ....................... 3,812.0 0.7578 0.7545 0.7914 0.7420 0.7312 0.7312 0.7310 0.7740 0.7578 0.7367 0.7518 0.9087 0.9143 0.8717 

1985 ....................... 4,102.1 0.7830 0.7829 0.8255 0.7685 0.7572 0.7572 0.7569 0.8028 0.7830 0.7669 0.7790 0.9331 0.9410 0.8836 

1986 ....................... 4,374.3 0.8055 0.8050 0.8418 0.7918 0.7817 0.7818 0.7816 0.8264 0.8055 0.7849 0.7977 0.9387 0.9447 0.8956 

1987 ....................... 4,605.1 0.8293 0.8273 0.8545 0.8171 0.8074 0.8074 0.8073 0.8597 0.8293 0.8112 0.8244 0.9236 0.9258 0.9080 

1988 ....................... 4,953.5 0.8583 0.8546 0.8696 0.8491 0.8408 0.8408 0.8410 0.8863 0.8583 0.8440 0.8564 0.9192 0.9175 0.9296 

1989 ....................... 5,351.8 0.8946 0.8902 0.8972 0.8877 0.8817 0.8816 0.8821 0.9117 0.8946 0.8836 0.8935 0.9392 0.9353 0.9654 

1990 ....................... 5,684.5 0.9312 0.9257 0.9222 0.9269 0.9237 0.9236 0.9244 0.9491 0.9312 0.9142 0.9227 0.9580 0.9526 0.9913 

1991 ....................... 5,858.8 0.9714 0.9695 0.9648 0.9707 0.9680 0.9680 0.9684 0.9825 0.9714 0.9735 0.9762 0.9880 0.9838 1.0115 

1992 ....................... 6,143.2 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 

1993 ....................... 6,470.8 1.0263 1.0252 1.0170 1.0274 1.0283 1.0283 1.0282 1.0225 1.0263 1.0481 1.0337 1.0125 1.0163 0.9974 

1994 ....................... 6,830.4 1.0501 1.0492 1.0398 1.0514 1.0524 1.0525 1.0520 1.0366 1.0501 1.0949 1.0704 1.0358 1.0450 1.0034


161 

Table 10.1—GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND DEFLATORS USED IN THE HISTORICAL TABLES: 1940–2002—Continued 

(Fiscal Year 1992 = 1.000) 

Composite Outlay Deflators 

Year 

GDP 

(in billions 

of dollars) 

GDP 

Deflator 

Total 

Total 

Defense 

Total 

Nondefense 

Payments for Individuals 



Grants 

All 


Addendum: Direct Capital 

Total 

Defense 

Net Interest 

Undistributed 

Offsetting 

Receipts 

Nondefense 

1995 ....................... 7,186.9 1.0762 1.0745 1.0648 1.0766 1.0785 1.0785 1.0781 1.0646 1.0762 1.1364 1.0958 1.0546 1.0661 1.0230 

1996 ....................... 7,484.7 1.0990 1.0991 1.0978 1.0994 1.1004 1.1004 1.1006 1.0936 1.0990 1.1954 1.1294 1.0770 1.0990 1.0273 

1997 estimate ........ 7,853.8 1.1264 1.1283 1.1252 1.1289 1.1312 1.1312 1.1313 1.1216 1.1264 1.2253 1.1581 1.1013 1.1265 1.0530 

1998 estimate ........ 8,218.6 1.1557 1.1589 1.1544 1.1597 1.1607 1.1607 1.1607 1.1517 1.1557 1.2572 1.2059 1.1344 1.1558 1.0803 

1999 estimate ........ 8,611.8 1.1858 1.1900 1.1844 1.1909 1.1920 1.1920 1.1920 1.1823 1.1858 1.2899 1.2296 1.1593 1.1859 1.1084 

2000 estimate ........ 9,042.9 1.2166 1.2222 1.2152 1.2235 1.2242 1.2242 1.2241 1.2133 1.2166 1.3234 1.2694 1.1931 1.2167 1.1372 

2001 estimate ........ 9,493.5 1.2482 1.2544 1.2468 1.2556 1.2572 1.2573 1.2571 1.2447 1.2482 1.3578 1.3013 1.2266 1.2483 1.1668 

2002 estimate ........ 9,965.4 1.2807 1.2863 1.2793 1.2875 1.2911 1.2912 1.2909 1.2776 1.2807 1.3931 1.3276 1.2573 1.2808 1.1972 

Note: Constant dollar research and development outlays are based on the GDP deflator. 




Table 11.1—SUMMARY COMPARISON OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002 

Fiscal Year 

In Millions of Dollars As Percentages of Total Outlays As Percentages of GDP In Billions of Constant 


Total Direct Grants Total Direct Grants Total Direct Grants 


1940 .................................... 1,657 1,360 298 17.5 14.4 3.1 1.7 1.4 0.3 15.9 13.1 2.9 

1941 .................................... 1,730 1,374 356 12.7 10.1 2.6 1.5 1.2 0.3 15.9 12.6 3.3 

1942 .................................... 1,758 1,348 410 5.0 3.8 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.3 14.9 11.4 3.5 

1943 .................................... 1,647 1,220 427 2.1 1.6 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.2 12.7 9.4 3.3 

1944 .................................... 1,721 1,260 461 1.9 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 12.4 9.1 3.3 

1945 .................................... 2,215 1,784 432 2.4 1.9 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.2 15.3 12.3 3.0 

1946 .................................... 5,673 5,222 451 10.3 9.5 0.8 2.6 2.4 0.2 36.6 33.7 2.9 

1947 .................................... 9,052 8,292 761 26.2 24.0 2.2 4.0 3.6 0.3 53.0 48.6 4.5 

1948 .................................... 9,043 8,208 835 30.4 27.6 2.8 3.6 3.2 0.3 50.2 45.6 4.6 

1949 .................................... 10,065 9,029 1,036 25.9 23.3 2.7 3.7 3.4 0.4 54.6 49.0 5.6 

1950 .................................... 13,664 12,407 1,257 32.1 29.2 3.0 5.0 4.6 0.5 74.2 67.3 6.8 

1951 .................................... 10,279 8,955 1,324 22.6 19.7 2.9 3.2 2.8 0.4 52.7 45.9 6.8 

1952 .................................... 10,853 9,528 1,325 16.0 14.1 2.0 3.1 2.7 0.4 54.0 47.5 6.6 

1953 .................................... 10,950 9,460 1,490 14.4 12.4 2.0 2.9 2.5 0.4 53.3 46.0 7.3 

1954 .................................... 12,610 10,999 1,611 17.8 15.5 2.3 3.3 2.9 0.4 60.7 53.0 7.8 

1955 .................................... 14,297 12,674 1,623 20.9 18.5 2.4 3.6 3.2 0.4 68.5 60.7 7.8 

1956 .................................... 15,208 13,534 1,674 21.5 19.2 2.4 3.6 3.2 0.4 71.6 63.7 7.9 

1957 .................................... 17,027 15,226 1,802 22.2 19.9 2.4 3.8 3.4 0.4 78.1 69.8 8.3 

1958 .................................... 20,931 18,810 2,121 25.4 22.8 2.6 4.6 4.1 0.5 93.7 84.2 9.5 

1959 .................................... 22,757 20,393 2,364 24.7 22.1 2.6 4.6 4.2 0.5 100.2 89.8 10.4 

1960 .................................... 24,162 21,682 2,480 26.2 23.5 2.7 4.7 4.2 0.5 104.1 93.5 10.7 

1961 .................................... 27,525 24,907 2,618 28.2 25.5 2.7 5.2 4.7 0.5 116.9 105.8 11.1 

1962 .................................... 28,938 25,987 2,951 27.1 24.3 2.8 5.1 4.6 0.5 121.9 109.5 12.4 

1963 .................................... 30,958 27,677 3,280 27.8 24.9 2.9 5.2 4.6 0.5 128.8 115.1 13.6 

1964 .................................... 32,217 28,658 3,559 27.2 24.2 3.0 5.0 4.5 0.6 132.2 117.6 14.6 

1965 .................................... 33,103 29,385 3,718 28.0 24.9 3.1 4.8 4.3 0.5 134.0 119.0 15.1 

1966 .................................... 37,076 32,771 4,305 27.6 24.4 3.2 4.9 4.4 0.6 147.2 130.1 17.1 

1967 .................................... 43,211 38,392 4,819 27.4 24.4 3.1 5.3 4.7 0.6 167.0 148.3 18.6 

1968 .................................... 49,849 43,779 6,070 28.0 24.6 3.4 5.7 5.0 0.7 186.6 163.8 22.7 

1969 .................................... 57,225 49,983 7,243 31.2 27.2 3.9 6.0 5.3 0.8 205.9 179.9 26.1 

1970 .................................... 64,806 56,079 8,727 33.1 28.7 4.5 6.4 5.6 0.9 223.1 193.0 30.0 

1971 .................................... 80,564 70,030 10,533 38.3 33.3 5.0 7.5 6.5 1.0 264.8 230.2 34.6 

1972 .................................... 93,055 79,112 13,943 40.3 34.3 6.0 7.9 6.7 1.2 294.2 250.1 44.1 

1973 .................................... 104,739 90,860 13,879 42.6 37.0 5.6 8.0 7.0 1.1 318.8 276.6 42.3 

1974 .................................... 120,407 105,557 14,851 44.7 39.2 5.5 8.4 7.3 1.0 339.7 297.8 41.9 

1975 .................................... 153,836 137,074 16,762 46.3 41.2 5.0 9.9 8.8 1.1 394.7 351.7 43.0 

1976 .................................... 180,634 160,576 20,058 48.6 43.2 5.4 10.4 9.3 1.2 434.7 386.4 48.3 

TQ ....................................... 45,534 40,449 5,085 47.4 42.1 5.3 10.0 8.9 1.1 106.1 94.2 11.8 

1977 .................................... 196,978 174,268 22,710 48.1 42.6 5.5 10.0 8.8 1.2 439.9 389.2 50.7 

1978 .................................... 211,761 186,967 24,795 46.2 40.8 5.4 9.6 8.5 1.1 442.2 390.4 51.8 

1979 .................................... 233,837 206,276 27,561 46.4 40.9 5.5 9.4 8.3 1.1 450.2 397.1 53.1 

1980 .................................... 278,530 245,879 32,652 47.1 41.6 5.5 10.2 9.0 1.2 484.5 427.7 56.8 

1981 .................................... 324,658 286,807 37,851 47.9 42.3 5.6 10.6 9.4 1.2 515.1 455.0 60.1 

1982 .................................... 357,924 319,123 38,800 48.0 42.8 5.2 11.1 9.9 1.2 533.3 475.5 57.8 

1983 .................................... 396,523 353,951 42,572 49.1 43.8 5.3 11.6 10.3 1.2 564.0 503.5 60.6 

1984 .................................... 401,209 355,856 45,353 47.1 41.8 5.3 10.5 9.3 1.2 548.7 486.7 62.0 

1985 .................................... 427,302 377,950 49,352 45.1 39.9 5.2 10.4 9.2 1.2 564.3 499.1 65.2 

1986 .................................... 451,261 397,036 54,225 45.6 40.1 5.5 10.3 9.1 1.2 577.3 507.8 69.4 

1987 .................................... 471,277 413,522 57,755 46.9 41.2 5.8 10.2 9.0 1.3 583.7 512.2 71.5 

1988 .................................... 500,656 438,222 62,434 47.0 41.2 5.9 10.1 8.8 1.3 595.5 521.2 74.3 

1989 .................................... 536,030 468,677 67,353 46.9 41.0 5.9 10.0 8.8 1.3 608.0 531.6 76.4 

1990 .................................... 584,090 506,958 77,132 46.6 40.5 6.2 10.3 8.9 1.4 632.3 548.9 83.5 

1991 .................................... 650,263 557,766 92,497 49.1 42.1 7.0 11.1 9.5 1.6 671.8 576.2 95.6 

1992 .................................... 727,690 615,505 112,185 52.7 44.5 8.1 11.8 10.0 1.8 727.7 615.5 112.2 

1993 .................................... 782,767 658,478 124,289 55.5 46.7 8.8 12.1 10.2 1.9 761.2 640.4 120.9 

1994 .................................... 822,190 686,957 135,232 56.2 47.0 9.3 12.0 10.1 2.0 781.3 652.7 128.5 



163 

Table 11.1—SUMMARY COMPARISON OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002—Continued 

Fiscal Year 

In Millions of Dollars As Percentages of Total Outlays As Percentages of GDP In Billions of Constant 




1995 .................................... 874,602 728,809 145,793 57.7 48.1 9.6 12.2 10.1 2.0 810.9 675.8 135.2 

1996 .................................... 909,423 761,825 147,598 58.3 48.8 9.5 12.2 10.2 2.0 826.4 692.3 134.1 

1997 estimate ..................... 962,972 806,110 156,862 59.0 49.4 9.6 12.3 10.3 2.0 851.3 712.6 138.7 

1998 estimate ..................... 1,009,216 845,539 163,677 59.8 50.1 9.7 12.3 10.3 2.0 869.5 728.5 141.0 

1999 estimate ..................... 1,055,649 886,179 169,470 60.0 50.3 9.6 12.3 10.3 2.0 885.6 743.4 142.2 

2000 estimate ..................... 1,102,660 927,581 175,079 60.8 51.1 9.6 12.2 10.3 1.9 900.7 757.7 143.0 

2001 estimate ..................... 1,148,190 966,283 181,907 62.2 52.4 9.9 12.1 10.2 1.9 913.3 768.5 144.7 

2002 estimate ..................... 1,210,869 1,019,584 191,285 64.4 54.2 10.2 12.2 10.2 1.9 937.9 789.6 148.1 

Note: Includes both on and off-budget Federal outlays. Off-budget social security payments for individuals are shown separately in Table 11.2. 




Table 11.2—FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002 


Category and Function 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 

Direct Payments for Individuals: 

050 National defense ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 

150 International affairs ...................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 

400 Transportation .............................................................................................. 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 9 

500 Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 

550 Health .......................................................................................................... 10 10 11 14 18 20 22 22 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 

600 Income security ........................................................................................... 753 724 663 479 392 465 1,690 1,476 

650 Social security ............................................................................................. 16 64 110 149 185 240 321 426 

700 Veterans benefits and services .................................................................. 578 573 561 574 661 1,054 3,185 6,358 

750 Administration of justice .............................................................................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. * 

800 General government ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 

Total direct payments for individuals ................................................... 1,360 1,374 1,348 1,220 1,260 1,784 5,222 8,292 

Grants to States for Payments for Individuals: 



400 Transportation .............................................................................................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 


550 Health .......................................................................................................... 18 20 22 20 20 20 22 33 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 

600 Income security ........................................................................................... 279 334 386 405 440 410 428 726 

650 Social security ............................................................................................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 

700 Veterans benefits and services .................................................................. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 

750 Administration of justice .............................................................................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 


Total grants for payments for individuals ........................................... 298 356 410 427 461 432 451 761 

Total Payments for Individuals: 





550 Health .......................................................................................................... 27 30 33 34 38 40 44 56 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 

600 Income security ........................................................................................... 1,032 1,058 1,049 884 832 875 2,118 2,202 

650 Social security ............................................................................................. 16 64 110 149 185 240 321 426 

700 Veterans benefits and services .................................................................. 579 574 562 575 662 1,055 3,186 6,360 

750 Administration of justice .............................................................................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. * 


Total payments for individuals .............................................................. 1,657 1,730 1,758 1,647 1,721 2,215 5,673 9,052 



165 

Table 11.2—FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002—Continued 








550 Health .......................................................................................................... 24 37 45 50 54 61 65 66 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 

600 Income security ........................................................................................... 1,473 2,002 2,798 1,835 2,104 2,254 3,171 3,573 

650 Social security ............................................................................................. 512 607 727 1,498 1,982 2,627 3,275 4,333 

700 Veterans benefits and services .................................................................. 6,188 6,371 8,824 5,556 5,371 4,500 4,469 4,682 

750 Administration of justice .............................................................................. * * * * * * * * 








550 Health .......................................................................................................... 29 34 40 45 47 48 42 41 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 

600 Income security ........................................................................................... 804 999 1,214 1,275 1,274 1,439 1,566 1,576 





Total grants for payments for individuals ........................................... 835 1,036 1,257 1,324 1,325 1,490 1,611 1,623 






550 Health .......................................................................................................... 54 71 85 95 102 109 107 107 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 


650 Social security ............................................................................................. 512 607 727 1,498 1,982 2,627 3,275 4,333 















550 Health .......................................................................................................... 75 89 102 113 119 127 126 134 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 


650 Social security ............................................................................................. 5,361 6,515 8,043 9,510 11,395 12,203 14,050 15,459 










550 Health .......................................................................................................... 50 55 61 64 56 87 188 249 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 






Total grants for payments for individuals ........................................... 1,674 1,802 2,121 2,364 2,480 2,618 2,951 3,280 






550 Health .......................................................................................................... 125 144 163 177 175 214 314 383 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 









167 








500 Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... .................. .................. 45 226 460 570 503 904 

550 Health .......................................................................................................... 152 154 198 248 191 262 348 427 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. 3,172 5,126 6,299 6,784 7,478 




750 Administration of justice .............................................................................. * * 1 1 1 1 1 1 








550 Health .......................................................................................................... 329 420 956 1,430 2,119 2,694 3,187 3,842 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 











500 Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... .................. .................. 45 226 460 570 503 904 

550 Health .......................................................................................................... 482 575 1,154 1,678 2,310 2,956 3,534 4,270 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. 3,172 5,126 6,299 6,784 7,478 




750 Administration of justice .............................................................................. * * 1 1 1 1 1 1 







Category and Function 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 





500 Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... 1,067 1,199 1,054 1,582 2,359 590 2,657 3,004 

550 Health .......................................................................................................... 433 497 499 631 719 183 842 892 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... 8,364 9,040 10,680 14,121 16,942 4,584 20,779 24,275 




750 Administration of justice .............................................................................. 1 2 1 4 88 53 128 162 







500 Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... .................. .................. .................. 22 35 6 62 56 

550 Health .......................................................................................................... 5,301 5,439 6,651 7,998 10,009 2,526 11,087 12,103 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 











500 Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... 1,067 1,199 1,054 1,604 2,394 595 2,719 3,059 

550 Health .......................................................................................................... 5,734 5,936 7,149 8,628 10,727 2,709 11,929 12,994 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... 8,364 9,040 10,680 14,121 16,942 4,584 20,779 24,275 









169 






150 International affairs ...................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 46 102 125 


500 Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... 3,706 5,011 6,087 5,701 6,550 6,921 7,623 7,828 

550 Health .......................................................................................................... 1,003 1,261 1,262 1,776 1,602 1,147 1,184 1,181 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... 28,160 33,954 41,267 49,167 55,499 60,951 69,649 74,184 





800 General government ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. * * .................. 






500 Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... 62 78 78 57 51 70 76 82 

550 Health .......................................................................................................... 13,914 15,551 18,466 18,638 19,921 21,587 24,193 26,567 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 









150 International affairs ...................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 46 102 125 



550 Health .......................................................................................................... 14,917 16,813 19,728 20,414 21,522 22,734 25,377 27,749 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... 28,160 33,954 41,267 49,167 55,499 60,951 69,649 74,184 





800 General government ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. * * .................. 








050 National defense ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 44 89 91 

150 International affairs ...................................................................................... 138 137 143 145 150 169 212 239 



550 Health .......................................................................................................... 1,090 1,312 1,321 1,474 1,797 2,580 3,243 3,822 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... 79,913 85,704 94,299 107,410 114,219 129,411 143,147 159,542 





800 General government ................................................................................... * * * * 500 500 500 87 






500 Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... 66 68 68 73 60 73 656 940 

550 Health .......................................................................................................... 29,186 32,260 36,355 43,485 55,389 70,964 79,207 85,630 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 








050 National defense ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 44 89 91 




550 Health .......................................................................................................... 30,276 33,572 37,676 44,959 57,187 73,544 82,450 89,452 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... 79,913 85,704 94,299 107,410 114,219 129,411 143,147 159,542 





800 General government ................................................................................... * * * * 500 500 500 87 




171 



Category and Function 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


050 National defense ......................................................................................... 44 30 29 29 36 41 44 44 




550 Health .......................................................................................................... 3,278 3,328 3,604 3,651 3,703 3,723 3,737 3,744 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... 177,074 191,265 211,215 225,383 239,691 251,335 270,119 289,973 





800 General government ................................................................................... 10 6 33 17 .................. .................. .................. .................. 

Total direct payments for individuals ................................................... 728,809 761,825 806,110 845,539 886,179 927,581 966,283 1,019,584 





500 Education, training, employment, and social services ............................... 1,033 897 895 954 1,249 1,278 1,278 1,278 

550 Health .......................................................................................................... 92,949 96,835 102,454 109,973 115,873 122,422 129,459 137,589 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 








050 National defense ......................................................................................... 44 30 29 29 36 41 44 44 




550 Health .......................................................................................................... 96,227 100,163 106,058 113,624 119,576 126,145 133,196 141,333 

570 Medicare ...................................................................................................... 177,074 191,265 211,215 225,383 239,691 251,335 270,119 289,973 





800 General government ................................................................................... 10 6 33 17 .................. .................. .................. .................. 

Total payments for individuals .............................................................. 874,602 909,423 962,972 1,009,216 1,055,649 1,102,660 1,148,190 1,210,869 


Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget.


Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002 


Program 

1940 1941 1942 


Social security and railroad retirement: 

Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................ 16 16 ................ 64 64 ................ 110 110 ................ 

Railroad retirement (excl. social security) .................................... 113 113 ................ 121 121 ................ 126 126 ................ 

Total, social security and railroad retirement ........................... 129 129 ................ 186 186 ................ 237 237 ................ 

Federal employees retirement and insurance: 

Military retirement .......................................................................... 60 60 ................ 65 65 ................ 70 70 ................ 

Civil service retirement .................................................................. 68 68 ................ 74 74 ................ 78 78 ................ 

Veterans service-connected compensation .................................. 244 244 ................ 247 247 ................ 246 246 ................ 

Other .............................................................................................. 17 17 ................ 16 16 ................ 16 16 ................ 

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................ 389 389 ................ 402 402 ................ 410 410 ................ 

Unemployment assistance .............................................................. 498 498 ................ 451 451 ................ 377 377 ................ 

Medical care: 

Hospital and medical care for veterans ....................................... 69 68 1 73 72 1 81 79 1 

Other .............................................................................................. 27 10 18 30 10 20 32 11 22 

Total, medical care ................................................................... 97 78 18 104 82 21 113 90 23 

Housing assistance ......................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 5 ................ 5 10 ................ 10 

Public assistance and related programs: 

Family support payments to States and TANF ........................... 279 ................ 279 330 ................ 330 376 ................ 376 

Veterans non-service connected pensions ................................... 185 185 ................ 186 186 ................ 185 185 ................ 

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................ 464 185 279 516 186 330 561 185 376 

All other payments for individuals: 

Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................ 4 4 ................ 4 4 ................ 4 4 ................ 

Refugee assistance and other ...................................................... 76 76 ................ 63 63 ................ 46 46 ................ 

Total, all other payments for individuals .................................. 80 80 ................ 67 67 ................ 50 50 ................ 

Total, payments for individuals ..................................................... 1,657 1,360 298 1,730 1,374 356 1,758 1,348 410


173 

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued 


Program 

1943 1944 1945 









Veterans service-connected compensation .................................. 251 251 ................ 365 365 ................ 497 497 ................ 


Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................ 428 428 ................ 567 567 ................ 754 754 ................ 

Unemployment assistance .............................................................. 176 176 ................ 61 61 ................ 71 71 ................ 

Medical care: 




Housing assistance ......................................................................... 10 ................ 10 10 ................ 10 9 ................ 9 




Total, public assistance and related programs ........................ 586 191 395 560 130 430 636 235 401 









Program 

1946 1947 1948 









Veterans service-connected compensation .................................. 942 942 ................ 1,400 1,400 ................ 1,434 1,434 ................ 


Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................ 1,340 1,340 ................ 1,844 1,844 ................ 1,839 1,839 ................ 

Unemployment assistance .............................................................. 1,145 1,145 ................ 869 869 ................ 858 858 ................ 

Medical care: 




Assistance to students: 

Veterans education benefits ......................................................... 1,342 1,342 ................ 3,566 3,566 ................ 3,174 3,174 ................ 

Total, assistance to students .................................................... 1,342 1,342 ................ 3,566 3,566 ................ 3,174 3,174 ................ 


Food and nutrition assistance: 

Child nutrition and special milk programs .................................... ................ ................ ................ 76 ................ 76 68 ................ 68 

Total, food and nutrition assistance ......................................... ................ ................ ................ 76 ................ 76 68 ................ 68 




Total, public assistance and related programs ........................ 696 275 421 976 332 644 1,118 386 732 







175 



Program 

1949 1950 1951 



Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................ 607 607 ................ 727 727 ................ 1,498 1,498 ................ 


Total, social security and railroad retirement ........................... 885 885 ................ 1,027 1,027 ................ 1,815 1,815 ................ 




Veterans service-connected compensation .................................. 1,467 1,467 ................ 1,533 1,533 ................ 1,516 1,516 ................ 



Unemployment assistance .............................................................. 1,327 1,327 ................ 2,013 2,013 ................ 898 898 ................ 

Medical care: 









Child nutrition and special milk programs .................................... 75 ................ 75 83 ................ 83 83 ................ 83 

Total, food and nutrition assistance ......................................... 75 ................ 75 83 ................ 83 83 ................ 83 


Family support payments to States and TANF ........................... 921 ................ 921 1,123 ................ 1,123 1,186 ................ 1,186 


Total, public assistance and related programs ........................ 1,345 424 921 1,599 476 1,123 1,706 520 1,186 



Refugee assistance and other ...................................................... 393 393 ................ 3,101 3,101 ................ 691 691 ................ 

Total, all other payments for individuals .................................. 656 656 ................ 3,315 3,315 ................ 826 826 ................ 

Total, payments for individuals ..................................................... 10,065 9,029 1,036 13,664 12,407 1,257 10,279 8,955 1,324




Program 

1952 1953 1954 



Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................ 1,982 1,982 ................ 2,627 2,627 ................ 3,275 3,275 ................ 


Total, social security and railroad retirement ........................... 2,367 2,367 ................ 3,087 3,087 ................ 3,771 3,771 ................ 







Unemployment assistance .............................................................. 1,057 1,057 ................ 1,034 1,034 ................ 1,836 1,836 ................ 

Medical care: 





Veterans education benefits ......................................................... 1,326 1,326 ................ 668 668 ................ 546 546 ................ 

Total, assistance to students .................................................... 1,326 1,326 ................ 668 668 ................ 546 546 ................ 






Family support payments to States and TANF ........................... 1,178 ................ 1,178 1,330 ................ 1,330 1,438 ................ 1,438 


Total, public assistance and related programs ........................ 1,735 558 1,178 1,990 660 1,330 2,153 716 1,438 



Refugee assistance and other ...................................................... 1,088 1,088 ................ 660 660 ................ 769 769 ................ 

Total, all other payments for individuals .................................. 1,163 1,163 ................ 707 707 ................ 805 805 ................ 



177 



Program 

1955 1956 1957 













Medical care: 





Veterans education benefits ......................................................... 678 678 ................ 781 781 ................ 787 787 ................ 

Total, assistance to students .................................................... 678 678 ................ 781 781 ................ 787 787 ................ 

Housing assistance ......................................................................... 67 ................ 67 82 ................ 82 91 4 87 







Total, public assistance and related programs ........................ 2,227 800 1,427 2,338 883 1,455 2,507 950 1,556 









Program 

1958 1959 1960 




Social security: disability insurance .............................................. 168 168 ................ 339 339 ................ 528 528 ................ 










Medical care: 



Total, medical care ................................................................... 993 926 67 1,069 999 70 1,104 1,043 62 




Housing assistance ......................................................................... 99 4 95 117 6 111 140 13 127 


Child nutrition and special milk programs .................................... 165 ................ 165 216 ................ 216 232 * 232 

Total, food and nutrition assistance ......................................... 165 ................ 165 216 ................ 216 232 * 232 


Family support payments to States and TANF ........................... 1,795 ................ 1,795 1,966 ................ 1,966 2,059 * 2,059 

Veterans non-service connected pensions ................................... 1,036 1,036 ................ 1,153 1,153 ................ 1,263 1,263 ................ 

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................ 2,831 1,036 1,795 3,119 1,153 1,966 3,322 1,263 2,059 





Total, payments for individuals ..................................................... 20,931 18,810 2,121 22,757 20,393 2,364 24,162 21,682 2,480 



179 



Program 

1961 1962 1963 




Social security: disability insurance .............................................. 709 709 ................ 1,022 1,022 ................ 1,190 1,190 ................ 




Military retirement .......................................................................... 786 786 ................ 894 894 ................ 1,015 1,015 ................ 

Civil service retirement .................................................................. 951 951 ................ 1,060 1,060 ................ 1,178 1,178 ................ 





Medical care: 

Medicaid ......................................................................................... 23 ................ 23 103 ................ 103 157 ................ 157 

Hospital and medical care for veterans ....................................... 996 988 8 1,043 1,035 7 1,102 1,094 7 


Total, medical care ................................................................... 1,208 1,114 95 1,354 1,159 195 1,479 1,223 256 






Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) .............................. ................ ................ ................ 14 ................ 14 20 1 19 

Child nutrition and special milk programs .................................... 239 * 239 261 3 258 263 1 262 

Total, food and nutrition assistance ......................................... 239 * 239 275 3 272 284 2 281 


Family support payments to States and TANF ........................... 2,144 * 2,144 2,329 ................ 2,329 2,572 ................ 2,572 












Program 

1964 1965 1966 




Social security: disability insurance .............................................. 1,269 1,269 ................ 1,416 1,416 ................ 1,748 1,748 ................ 




Military retirement .......................................................................... 1,209 1,209 ................ 1,384 1,384 ................ 1,591 1,591 ................ 

Civil service retirement .................................................................. 1,320 1,320 ................ 1,440 1,440 ................ 1,687 1,687 ................ 





Medical care: 

Medicaid ......................................................................................... 210 ................ 210 272 ................ 272 770 ................ 770 

Hospital and medical care for veterans ....................................... 1,182 1,174 8 1,218 1,210 8 1,266 1,257 9 


Total, medical care ................................................................... 1,657 1,321 337 1,786 1,358 428 2,413 1,449 965 



Student assistance—Department of Education and other ........... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 45 45 ................ 




Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) .............................. 30 1 29 34 3 32 69 4 65 

Child nutrition and special milk programs .................................... 278 2 276 265 2 263 294 2 291 

Total, food and nutrition assistance ......................................... 308 3 305 299 5 295 363 6 357 











181 



Program 

1967 1968 1969 





Railroad retirement (excl. social security) .................................... 719 719 ................ 930 930 ................ 1,020 1,020 ................ 









Medical care: 

Medicare: hospital insurance ........................................................ 2,508 2,508 ................ 3,736 3,736 ................ 4,654 4,654 ................ 

Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ............................... 664 664 ................ 1,390 1,390 ................ 1,645 1,645 ................ 

Medicaid ......................................................................................... 1,173 ................ 1,173 1,806 * 1,806 2,285 ................ 2,285 



Total, medical care ................................................................... 6,174 4,735 1,439 8,836 6,706 2,130 10,740 8,032 2,708 



Student assistance—Department of Education and other ........... 226 226 ................ 460 460 ................ 570 570 ................ 

Total, assistance to students .................................................... 532 532 ................ 938 938 ................ 1,271 1,271 ................ 

Housing assistance ......................................................................... 257 7 251 281 –3 284 342 –5 346 


Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) .............................. 114 8 106 185 14 171 248 13 234 


Total, food and nutrition assistance ......................................... 418 10 408 505 16 489 587 16 570 














Program 

1970 1971 1972 





Railroad retirement (excl. social security) .................................... 1,002 1,002 ................ 1,272 1,272 ................ 1,371 1,371 ................ 









Medical care: 


Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ............................... 1,979 1,979 ................ 2,035 2,035 ................ 2,255 2,255 ................ 

Medicaid ......................................................................................... 2,727 ................ 2,727 3,362 ................ 3,362 4,601 ................ 4,601 


Other .............................................................................................. 792 332 460 887 407 480 1,112 412 700 




Student assistance—Department of Education and other ........... 503 503 ................ 904 904 ................ 1,067 1,067 ................ 


Housing assistance ......................................................................... 480 38 442 737 175 562 1,121 371 751 


Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) .............................. 577 18 559 1,568 1,548 20 1,909 1,882 27 


Commodity donations and other ................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 593 13 580 

Total, food and nutrition assistance ......................................... 960 22 938 2,179 1,556 623 3,218 1,904 1,314 






Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................ 10 10 ................ 319 318 1 418 418 * 



Total, all other payments for individuals .................................. 946 946 ................ 1,253 1,252 1 1,437 1,437 * 




183 



Program 

1973 1974 1975 














Medical care: 



Medicaid ......................................................................................... 4,600 ................ 4,600 5,818 ................ 5,818 6,840 ................ 6,840 


Other .............................................................................................. 1,306 467 839 1,299 467 832 1,752 594 1,158 




Student assistance—Department of Education and other ........... 1,199 1,199 ................ 1,054 1,054 ................ 1,604 1,582 22 

Total, assistance to students .................................................... 3,999 3,999 ................ 4,303 4,303 ................ 6,196 6,173 22 

Housing assistance ......................................................................... 1,614 559 1,055 1,794 673 1,122 2,093 761 1,333 


Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) .............................. 2,208 2,177 31 2,845 2,797 48 4,599 4,463 136 

Child nutrition and special milk programs .................................... 693 8 685 802 8 793 1,575 10 1,565 

Commodity donations and other ................................................... 740 12 728 787 44 743 469 18 451 

Total, food and nutrition assistance ......................................... 3,641 2,197 1,444 4,433 2,850 1,583 6,643 4,491 2,152 


Supplemental security income program ....................................... ................ ................ ................ 1,954 1,907 47 4,320 4,209 110 





Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................ 952 952 ................ 1,000 1,000 * 968 968 ................ 



Total, all other payments for individuals .................................. 1,770 1,770 ................ 1,933 1,933 * 2,045 2,045 ................ 






Program 

1976 TQ 1977 





Railroad retirement (excl. social security) .................................... 2,226 2,226 ................ 912 912 ................ 2,560 2,560 ................ 









Medical care: 



Medicaid ......................................................................................... 8,568 ................ 8,568 2,229 ................ 2,229 9,876 ................ 9,876 

Hospital and medical care for veterans ....................................... 3,892 3,861 31 999 991 8 4,532 4,485 48 

Other .............................................................................................. 2,117 676 1,441 470 172 297 2,007 796 1,211 



Veterans education benefits ......................................................... 5,527 5,527 ................ 783 783 ................ 3,700 3,700 ................ 

Student assistance—Department of Education and other ........... 2,394 2,359 35 595 590 6 2,719 2,657 62 

Total, assistance to students .................................................... 7,920 7,885 35 1,378 1,372 6 6,419 6,357 62 

Housing assistance ......................................................................... 2,466 873 1,594 648 236 413 2,964 1,139 1,825 



Child nutrition and special milk programs .................................... 1,890 12 1,878 393 3 390 2,792 17 2,775 

Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ...................... 143 1 141 41 1 41 245 3 242 


Total, food and nutrition assistance ......................................... 7,959 5,389 2,570 1,824 1,266 558 8,527 5,153 3,375 


Supplemental security income program ....................................... 4,573 4,507 67 1,165 1,159 5 4,772 4,732 39 


Low income home energy assistance .......................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 110 ................ 110 

Earned income tax credit .............................................................. 808 808 ................ 86 86 ................ 901 901 ................ 

Legal services ................................................................................ 85 85 ................ 52 52 ................ 125 125 ................ 

Veterans non-service connected pensions ................................... 2,859 2,859 ................ 719 719 ................ 3,113 3,113 ................ 



Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................ 998 998 ................ 240 240 ................ 956 956 ................ 



Total, all other payments for individuals .................................. 2,023 2,023 ................ 478 478 ................ 2,088 2,088 ................ 



185 



Program 

1978 1979 1980 














Medical care: 



Medicaid ......................................................................................... 10,680 ................ 10,680 12,407 ................ 12,407 13,957 ................ 13,957 


Other .............................................................................................. 2,262 839 1,423 2,453 946 1,507 2,784 1,189 1,595 




Student assistance—Department of Education and other ........... 3,059 3,004 56 3,767 3,706 62 5,089 5,011 78 


Housing assistance ......................................................................... 3,631 1,208 2,423 4,230 1,447 2,784 5,418 1,965 3,453 



Child nutrition and special milk programs .................................... 2,665 139 2,526 3,014 152 2,862 3,536 148 3,388 

Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ...................... 371 ................ 371 542 ................ 542 717 1 716 





Family support payments to States and TANF ........................... 6,393 23 6,369 6,358 27 6,331 6,924 36 6,888 

Low income home energy assistance .......................................... 193 ................ 193 186 ................ 186 1,577 398 1,180 

Earned income tax credit .............................................................. 881 881 ................ 773 773 ................ 1,275 1,275 ................ 





Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................ 1,005 1,005 ................ 1,604 1,604 ................ 1,788 1,788 ................ 


Refugee assistance and other ...................................................... 905 849 56 1,003 871 132 1,388 1,049 338 

Total, all other payments for individuals .................................. 2,085 2,029 56 2,784 2,651 132 3,358 3,020 338 





Program 

1981 1982 1983 














Medical care: 



Medicaid ......................................................................................... 16,833 ................ 16,833 17,391 ................ 17,391 18,985 ................ 18,985 


Other .............................................................................................. 2,814 1,182 1,632 2,925 1,678 1,247 2,463 1,527 935 








Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) .............................. 11,253 10,764 489 11,014 10,262 752 12,653 11,210 1,444 


Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ...................... 930 2 928 930 1 928 1,126 3 1,123 





Family support payments to States and TANF ........................... 7,736 42 7,694 7,530 42 7,488 7,875 31 7,844 

Low income home energy assistance .......................................... 1,780 126 1,653 1,687 2 1,685 1,993 3 1,991 

Earned income tax credit .............................................................. 1,318 1,318 ................ 1,201 1,201 ................ 1,213 1,213 ................ 







Refugee assistance and other ...................................................... 1,780 1,140 641 2,033 1,155 878 1,517 1,013 504 




187 



Program 

1984 1985 1986 














Medical care: 



Medicaid ......................................................................................... 20,061 ................ 20,061 22,655 ................ 22,655 24,995 ................ 24,995 


Other .............................................................................................. 2,600 1,075 1,526 2,652 1,113 1,539 2,674 1,102 1,572 








Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) .............................. 12,375 10,829 1,547 12,526 10,815 1,710 12,443 10,651 1,792 


Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ...................... 1,367 2 1,365 1,495 * 1,495 1,578 * 1,577 




Supplemental security income program ....................................... 7,633 7,625 8 8,654 8,654 ................ 9,323 9,323 ................ 

Family support payments to States and TANF ........................... 8,346 34 8,311 8,625 33 8,592 9,877 ................ 9,877 

Low income home energy assistance .......................................... 2,026 2 2,024 2,141 2 2,139 2,046 ................ 2,046 















Program 

1987 1988 

Total Direct Grants Total Direct Grants 


Social security: old age and survivors insurance ...................................................................................... 184,612 184,612 ................ 195,331 195,331 ................ 

Social security: disability insurance ............................................................................................................ 20,492 20,492 ................ 21,477 21,477 ................ 

Railroad retirement (excl. social security) .................................................................................................. 3,904 3,904 ................ 3,872 3,872 ................ 

Total, social security and railroad retirement ......................................................................................... 209,009 209,009 ................ 220,679 220,679 ................ 


Military retirement ........................................................................................................................................ 18,080 18,080 ................ 19,011 19,011 ................ 

Civil service retirement ................................................................................................................................ 25,713 25,713 ................ 28,047 28,047 ................ 

Veterans service-connected compensation ................................................................................................ 10,502 10,502 ................ 11,252 11,252 ................ 

Other ............................................................................................................................................................ 907 907 ................ 970 970 ................ 

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance .............................................................................. 55,203 55,203 ................ 59,280 59,280 ................ 

Unemployment assistance ............................................................................................................................ 15,760 15,760 ................ 13,857 13,857 ................ 

Medical care: 

Medicare: hospital insurance ...................................................................................................................... 49,976 49,976 ................ 52,022 52,022 ................ 

Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ............................................................................................. 29,937 29,937 ................ 33,682 33,682 ................ 

Medicaid ....................................................................................................................................................... 27,435 ................ 27,435 30,462 ................ 30,462 

Hospital and medical care for veterans ..................................................................................................... 10,061 9,967 94 10,714 10,608 106 

Other ............................................................................................................................................................ 2,757 1,007 1,750 3,021 1,222 1,799 

Total, medical care ................................................................................................................................. 120,165 90,886 29,279 129,900 97,534 32,366 


Veterans education benefits ........................................................................................................................ 1,105 1,105 ................ 1,071 1,071 ................ 

Student assistance—Department of Education and other ......................................................................... 7,469 7,402 66 8,139 8,070 68 

Total, assistance to students .................................................................................................................. 8,574 8,508 66 9,210 9,142 68 

Housing assistance ....................................................................................................................................... 12,626 5,226 7,400 13,841 5,190 8,651 


Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ............................................................................................ 12,407 10,448 1,959 13,145 11,152 1,993 

Child nutrition and special milk programs .................................................................................................. 4,060 138 3,922 4,305 146 4,158 

Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) .................................................................................... 1,670 * 1,669 1,804 3 1,801 

Commodity donations and other ................................................................................................................. 725 10 716 745 9 736 

Total, food and nutrition assistance ....................................................................................................... 18,863 10,596 8,267 19,998 11,310 8,688 


Supplemental security income program ..................................................................................................... 9,933 9,933 ................ 11,370 11,370 ................ 

Family support payments to States and TANF .......................................................................................... 10,540 ................ 10,540 10,764 ................ 10,764 

Low income home energy assistance ........................................................................................................ 1,829 ................ 1,829 1,585 ................ 1,585 

Earned income tax credit ............................................................................................................................ 1,410 1,410 ................ 2,698 2,698 ................ 

Legal services .............................................................................................................................................. 309 309 ................ 306 306 ................ 

Veterans non-service connected pensions ................................................................................................. 3,793 3,793 ................ 3,935 3,935 ................ 

Total, public assistance and related programs ...................................................................................... 27,814 15,445 12,369 30,658 18,309 12,349 


Coal miners and black lung benefits .......................................................................................................... 1,598 1,598 ................ 1,558 1,558 ................ 

Veterans insurance and burial benefits ...................................................................................................... 131 131 ................ 142 142 ................ 

Refugee assistance and other .................................................................................................................... 1,535 1,161 374 1,533 1,221 312 

Total, all other payments for individuals ................................................................................................ 3,263 2,890 374 3,233 2,921 312 

Total, payments for individuals ................................................................................................................... 471,277 413,522 57,755 500,656 438,222 62,434 



189 



Program 

1989 1990 1991 











Other .............................................................................................. 1,132 1,132 ................ 804 804 ................ 1,229 1,229 ................ 



Medical care: 



Medicaid ......................................................................................... 34,604 ................ 34,604 41,103 ................ 41,103 52,533 ................ 52,533 





Veterans education benefits ......................................................... 1,046 1,046 ................ 828 828 ................ 849 849 ................ 







Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ...................... 1,942 2 1,940 2,121 3 2,119 2,280 5 2,275 




Supplemental security income program ....................................... 11,503 11,503 ................ 11,493 11,493 ................ 14,668 14,668 ................ 


Low income home energy assistance .......................................... 1,393 ................ 1,393 1,314 ................ 1,314 1,742 ................ 1,742 








Payments to Japanese American WWII internees ...................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 499 499 ................ 







Program 

1992 1993 1994 











Other .............................................................................................. 1,235 1,235 ................ 1,316 1,316 ................ 1,284 1,284 ................ 



Medical care: 



Medicaid ......................................................................................... 67,827 ................ 67,827 75,774 ................ 75,774 82,034 ................ 82,034 













Commodity donations and other ................................................... 1,030 13 1,017 979 125 854 1,002 86 916 





Low income home energy assistance .......................................... 1,142 * 1,142 1,068 * 1,067 2,126 * 2,125 



Payments to States for daycare assistance ................................. ................ ................ ................ 411 ................ 411 786 ................ 786 






Payments to Japanese American WWII internees ...................... 500 500 ................ 500 500 ................ 87 87 ................ 

Refugee assistance and other ...................................................... 1,912 1,608 304 2,299 1,405 894 2,732 1,540 1,192 

Total, all other payments for individuals .................................. 3,971 3,666 304 4,310 3,416 894 4,296 3,105 1,192 




191 



Program 

1995 1996 estimate 

Total Direct Grants Total Direct Grants 


Social security: old age and survivors insurance ...................................................................................... 292,669 292,669 ................ 303,539 303,539 ................ 

Social security: disability insurance ............................................................................................................ 40,316 40,316 ................ 43,281 43,281 ................ 

Railroad retirement (excl. social security) .................................................................................................. 3,974 3,974 ................ 4,598 4,598 ................ 

Total, social security and railroad retirement ......................................................................................... 336,959 336,959 ................ 351,418 351,418 ................ 


Military retirement ........................................................................................................................................ 27,797 27,797 ................ 28,831 28,831 ................ 

Civil service retirement ................................................................................................................................ 38,319 38,319 ................ 39,670 39,670 ................ 

Veterans service-connected compensation ................................................................................................ 14,806 14,806 ................ 14,222 14,222 ................ 

Other ............................................................................................................................................................ 1,287 1,287 ................ 1,338 1,338 ................ 

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance .............................................................................. 82,209 82,209 ................ 84,061 84,061 ................ 

Unemployment assistance ............................................................................................................................ 21,919 21,919 ................ 22,958 22,958 ................ 

Medical care: 

Medicare: hospital insurance ...................................................................................................................... 113,583 113,583 ................ 124,089 124,089 ................ 

Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ............................................................................................. 63,491 63,491 ................ 67,176 67,176 ................ 

Medicaid ....................................................................................................................................................... 89,070 ................ 89,070 91,990 ................ 91,990 

Hospital and medical care for veterans ..................................................................................................... 16,574 16,324 250 16,736 16,472 264 

Other ............................................................................................................................................................ 7,005 3,126 3,879 8,003 3,158 4,845 

Total, medical care ................................................................................................................................. 289,723 196,524 93,199 307,994 210,895 97,099 


Veterans education benefits ........................................................................................................................ 1,429 1,429 ................ 1,427 1,427 ................ 

Student assistance—Department of Education and other ......................................................................... 13,385 13,303 82 11,407 11,328 79 

Total, assistance to students .................................................................................................................. 14,814 14,732 82 12,834 12,755 79 

Housing assistance ....................................................................................................................................... 25,505 8,316 17,189 24,498 9,184 15,314 


Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ............................................................................................ 25,554 22,814 2,740 25,422 22,392 3,030 

Child nutrition and special milk programs .................................................................................................. 7,499 112 7,387 7,875 118 7,757 

Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) .................................................................................... 3,404 3 3,401 3,678 2 3,676 

Commodity donations and other ................................................................................................................. 1,029 16 1,013 851 15 836 

Total, food and nutrition assistance ....................................................................................................... 37,486 22,945 14,541 37,826 22,527 15,299 


Supplemental security income program ..................................................................................................... 23,583 23,583 ................ 22,938 22,938 ................ 

Family support payments to States and TANF .......................................................................................... 17,133 ................ 17,133 16,670 ................ 16,670 

Low income home energy assistance ........................................................................................................ 1,419 ................ 1,419 1,067 ................ 1,067 

Earned income tax credit ............................................................................................................................ 15,244 15,244 ................ 19,159 19,159 ................ 

Legal services .............................................................................................................................................. 429 429 ................ 282 282 ................ 

Payments to States for daycare assistance ............................................................................................... 933 ................ 933 933 ................ 933 

Veterans non-service connected pensions ................................................................................................. 3,024 3,024 ................ 2,834 2,834 ................ 

Total, public assistance and related programs ...................................................................................... 61,765 42,280 19,485 63,883 45,213 18,670 


Coal miners and black lung benefits .......................................................................................................... 1,284 1,284 ................ 1,212 1,212 ................ 

Veterans insurance and burial benefits ...................................................................................................... 109 109 ................ 114 114 ................ 

Payments to Japanese American WWII internees .................................................................................... 10 10 ................ 6 6 ................ 

Refugee assistance and other .................................................................................................................... 2,819 1,522 1,297 2,619 1,482 1,137 

Total, all other payments for individuals ................................................................................................ 4,222 2,925 1,297 3,951 2,814 1,137 

Total, payments for individuals ................................................................................................................... 874,602 728,809 145,793 909,423 761,825 147,598




Program 

1997 estimate 1998 estimate 1999 estimate 














Medical care: 



Medicaid ......................................................................................... 98,542 ................ 98,542 105,801 ................ 105,801 111,615 ................ 111,615 






Student assistance—Department of Education and other ........... 8,281 8,237 44 11,171 11,131 40 12,475 12,475 ................ 

Total, assistance to students .................................................... 9,891 9,847 44 12,804 12,764 40 14,145 14,145 ................ 






Commodity donations and other ................................................... 909 17 892 784 –11 795 771 –12 783 





Low income home energy assistance .......................................... 1,097 ................ 1,097 996 ................ 996 1,000 ................ 1,000 



Payments to States for daycare assistance ................................. 2,551 ................ 2,551 2,920 ................ 2,920 3,086 ................ 3,086 


Other public assistance ................................................................. 23 ................ 23 96 ................ 96 97 ................ 97 





Payments to Japanese American WWII internees ...................... 33 33 ................ 17 17 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Refugee assistance and other ...................................................... 2,832 1,600 1,232 2,850 1,578 1,272 3,205 1,604 1,601 

Total, all other payments for individuals .................................. 4,159 2,927 1,232 4,098 2,826 1,272 4,394 2,793 1,601 

Total, payments for individuals ..................................................... 962,972 806,110 156,862 1,009,216 845,539 163,677 1,055,649 886,179 169,470


193 



Program 

2000 estimate 2001 estimate 2002 estimate 














Medical care: 



Medicaid ......................................................................................... 118,166 ................ 118,166 125,221 ................ 125,221 133,388 ................ 133,388 






Student assistance—Department of Education and other ........... 12,760 12,760 ................ 12,868 12,868 ................ 13,272 13,272 ................ 







Commodity donations and other ................................................... 761 –12 773 751 –12 763 750 –12 762 





Low income home energy assistance .......................................... 1,000 ................ 1,000 1,000 ................ 1,000 1,000 ................ 1,000 



Payments to States for daycare assistance ................................. 3,227 ................ 3,227 3,212 ................ 3,212 3,442 ................ 3,442 


Other public assistance ................................................................. 112 ................ 112 129 1 128 145 1 144 



Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................ 1,022 1,022 ................ 976 976 ................ 930 930 ................ 


Refugee assistance and other ...................................................... 3,251 1,622 1,629 3,245 1,616 1,629 3,238 1,609 1,629 

Total, all other payments for individuals .................................. 4,397 2,768 1,629 4,348 2,719 1,629 4,298 2,669 1,629 

Total, payments for individuals ..................................................... 1,102,660 927,581 175,079 1,148,190 966,283 181,907 1,210,869 1,019,584 191,285


Table 12.1—SUMMARY COMPARISON OF TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: 1940–2002 

Fiscal Year 

Total 


Payments 

for Individuals 

Total 



As Percentages of Federal 

Outlays 

Total 


Total 

Capital 

Investment 

Remainder 

Payments 


Capital 

Investment 

Remainder 

Payments 


Capital 

Investment 

Remainder 

Payments 


Capital 

Investment 

Remainder 

1940 ............................................. 872 298 442 132 9.8 2.9 4.6 2.3 9.2 3.1 4.7 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.1 

1941 ............................................. 847 356 290 201 9.4 3.3 2.8 3.4 6.2 2.6 2.1 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 

1942 ............................................. 892 410 222 261 9.5 3.5 1.9 4.2 2.5 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 

1943 ............................................. 914 427 218 269 9.1 3.3 1.7 4.1 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 

1944 ............................................. 911 461 183 266 8.6 3.3 1.4 3.8 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 

1945 ............................................. 859 432 154 273 7.9 3.0 1.2 3.7 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 

1946 ............................................. 819 451 142 226 6.8 2.9 1.0 2.9 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 

1947 ............................................. 1,603 761 599 244 11.0 4.5 3.7 2.9 4.6 2.2 1.7 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 

1948 ............................................. 1,612 835 440 337 10.9 4.6 2.5 3.7 5.4 2.8 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 

1949 ............................................. 1,876 1,036 462 378 11.9 5.6 2.5 3.8 4.8 2.7 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 

1950 ............................................. 2,253 1,257 484 512 14.7 6.8 2.9 5.0 5.3 3.0 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 

1951 ............................................. 2,287 1,324 566 397 13.5 6.8 3.1 3.6 5.0 2.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 

1952 ............................................. 2,433 1,325 575 533 14.1 6.6 2.9 4.6 3.6 2.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 

1953 ............................................. 2,835 1,490 756 589 15.9 7.3 3.7 4.9 3.7 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 

1954 ............................................. 3,056 1,611 744 701 17.3 7.8 3.8 5.7 4.3 2.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 

1955 ............................................. 3,207 1,623 820 764 17.9 7.8 4.2 5.9 4.7 2.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 

1956 ............................................. 3,561 1,674 915 972 19.6 7.9 4.5 7.3 5.0 2.4 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 

1957 ............................................. 3,974 1,802 1,148 1,024 20.8 8.3 5.2 7.3 5.2 2.4 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2 

1958 ............................................. 4,905 2,121 1,788 995 24.4 9.5 8.1 6.8 6.0 2.6 2.2 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 

1959 ............................................. 6,463 2,364 2,956 1,144 31.2 10.4 13.3 7.5 7.0 2.6 3.2 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.2 

1960 ............................................. 7,019 2,480 3,321 1,219 33.4 10.7 15.0 7.6 7.6 2.7 3.6 1.3 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.2 

1961 ............................................. 7,126 2,618 3,053 1,456 33.8 11.1 13.8 8.8 7.3 2.7 3.1 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 

1962 ............................................. 7,926 2,951 3,239 1,736 37.1 12.4 14.5 10.1 7.4 2.8 3.0 1.6 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 

1963 ............................................. 8,602 3,280 3,600 1,721 39.3 13.7 15.9 9.7 7.7 2.9 3.2 1.5 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 

1964 ............................................. 10,164 3,559 4,482 2,123 45.8 14.6 19.5 11.7 8.6 3.0 3.8 1.8 1.6 0.6 0.7 0.3 

1965 ............................................. 10,910 3,718 4,985 2,207 48.2 15.1 21.3 11.9 9.2 3.1 4.2 1.9 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.3 

1966 ............................................. 12,887 4,305 4,912 3,670 56.5 17.1 20.3 19.1 9.6 3.2 3.7 2.7 1.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 

1967 ............................................. 15,233 4,818 5,231 5,183 64.8 18.6 20.8 25.3 9.7 3.1 3.3 3.3 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 

1968 ............................................. 18,551 6,067 5,896 6,588 75.7 22.7 22.6 30.3 10.4 3.4 3.3 3.7 2.1 0.7 0.7 0.8 

1969 ............................................. 20,164 7,238 6,165 6,761 77.7 26.1 22.5 29.1 11.0 3.9 3.4 3.7 2.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 

1970 ............................................. 24,065 8,717 7,056 8,292 86.9 30.0 23.8 33.1 12.3 4.5 3.6 4.2 2.4 0.9 0.7 0.8 

1971 ............................................. 28,099 10,527 7,872 9,700 94.9 34.6 24.4 35.9 13.4 5.0 3.7 4.6 2.6 1.0 0.7 0.9 

1972 ............................................. 34,375 13,940 8,417 12,017 110.5 44.1 24.5 42.0 14.9 6.0 3.6 5.2 2.9 1.2 0.7 1.0 

1973 ............................................. 41,847 13,871 8,865 19,111 128.8 42.2 24.2 62.3 17.0 5.6 3.6 7.8 3.2 1.1 0.7 1.5 

1974 ............................................. 43,357 14,841 9,845 18,672 122.6 41.9 24.1 56.6 16.1 5.5 3.7 6.9 3.0 1.0 0.7 1.3 

1975 ............................................. 49,791 16,752 10,880 22,158 126.6 43.0 22.3 61.3 15.0 5.0 3.3 6.7 3.2 1.1 0.7 1.4 

1976 ............................................. 59,094 20,043 13,517 25,533 139.4 48.2 26.7 64.5 15.9 5.4 3.6 6.9 3.4 1.2 0.8 1.5 

TQ ................................................ 15,920 5,081 3,936 6,902 36.2 11.8 7.7 16.7 16.6 5.3 4.1 7.2 3.5 1.1 0.9 1.5 

1977 ............................................. 68,415 22,692 16,164 29,559 149.7 50.7 30.7 68.3 16.7 5.5 3.9 7.2 3.5 1.2 0.8 1.5 

1978 ............................................. 77,889 24,777 18,328 34,785 159.5 51.8 33.0 74.7 17.0 5.4 4.0 7.6 3.5 1.1 0.8 1.6 

1979 ............................................. 83,351 27,535 20,639 35,177 157.4 53.0 34.2 70.2 16.5 5.5 4.1 7.0 3.3 1.1 0.8 1.4 

1980 ............................................. 91,385 32,619 22,518 36,248 155.7 56.7 33.5 65.5 15.5 5.5 3.8 6.1 3.4 1.2 0.8 1.3 

1981 ............................................. 94,704 37,818 22,152 34,733 146.5 60.0 29.5 57.0 14.0 5.6 3.3 5.1 3.1 1.2 0.7 1.1 

1982 ............................................. 88,134 38,757 20,156 29,222 127.5 57.8 24.8 44.9 11.8 5.2 2.7 3.9 2.7 1.2 0.6 0.9 

1983 ............................................. 92,448 42,536 20,513 29,399 127.7 60.5 24.7 42.4 11.4 5.3 2.5 3.6 2.7 1.2 0.6 0.9 

1984 ............................................. 97,553 45,329 22,693 29,530 129.5 62.0 27.2 40.3 11.5 5.3 2.7 3.5 2.6 1.2 0.6 0.8 

1985 ............................................. 105,852 49,321 24,901 31,630 135.6 65.2 29.5 40.9 11.2 5.2 2.6 3.3 2.6 1.2 0.6 0.8 

1986 ............................................. 112,331 54,184 26,268 31,879 139.7 69.3 30.3 40.0 11.3 5.5 2.7 3.2 2.6 1.2 0.6 0.7 

1987 ............................................. 108,400 57,703 23,849 26,847 130.4 71.5 26.6 32.4 10.8 5.7 2.4 2.7 2.4 1.3 0.5 0.6 

1988 ............................................. 115,342 62,113 24,888 28,341 133.9 73.9 27.0 33.1 10.8 5.8 2.3 2.7 2.3 1.3 0.5 0.6 

1989 ............................................. 121,928 66,523 25,296 30,110 136.2 75.4 26.8 34.0 10.7 5.8 2.2 2.6 2.3 1.2 0.5 0.6 

1990 ............................................. 135,325 75,685 27,185 32,455 144.7 81.9 28.0 34.9 10.8 6.0 2.2 2.6 2.4 1.3 0.5 0.6 

1991 ............................................. 154,519 90,744 28,237 35,537 158.6 93.7 28.4 36.5 11.7 6.9 2.1 2.7 2.6 1.5 0.5 0.6 

1992 ............................................. 178,065 110,016 29,297 38,752 178.1 110.0 29.3 38.8 12.9 8.0 2.1 2.8 2.9 1.8 0.5 0.6 

1993 ............................................. 193,612 121,519 31,170 40,924 188.7 118.2 30.6 39.9 13.7 8.6 2.2 2.9 3.0 1.9 0.5 0.6 

1994 ............................................. 210,596 131,123 35,274 44,199 201.3 124.6 34.2 42.5 14.4 9.0 2.4 3.0 3.1 1.9 0.5 0.6 



195 

Table 12.1—SUMMARY COMPARISON OF TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: 1940–2002—Continued 

Fiscal Year 

Total 


Payments 


Total 



As Percentages of Federal 

Outlays 

Total 


Total 

Capital 

Investment 

Remainder 

Payments 


Capital 

Investment 

Remainder 

Payments 


Capital 

Investment 

Remainder 

Payments 


Capital 

Investment 

Remainder 

1995 ............................................. 224,991 141,183 39,579 44,229 209.7 131.0 37.4 41.4 14.8 9.3 2.6 2.9 3.1 2.0 0.6 0.6 

1996 ............................................. 227,811 142,802 40,355 44,654 207.5 129.7 37.2 40.5 14.6 9.2 2.6 2.9 3.0 1.9 0.5 0.6 

1997 estimate .............................. 244,794 152,141 41,145 51,508 217.1 134.5 37.0 45.6 15.0 9.3 2.5 3.2 3.1 1.9 0.5 0.7 

1998 estimate .............................. 258,845 159,578 39,881 59,386 223.7 137.5 35.0 51.2 15.3 9.5 2.4 3.5 3.1 1.9 0.5 0.7 

1999 estimate .............................. 270,021 165,881 39,468 64,672 227.2 139.2 33.7 54.4 15.3 9.4 2.2 3.7 3.1 1.9 0.5 0.8 

2000 estimate .............................. 276,437 171,718 38,934 65,785 226.6 140.3 32.4 53.9 15.2 9.5 2.1 3.6 3.1 1.9 0.4 0.7 

2001 estimate .............................. 282,552 178,833 38,144 65,575 225.6 142.3 31.0 52.3 15.3 9.7 2.1 3.6 3.0 1.9 0.4 0.7 

2002 estimate .............................. 290,521 188,126 37,498 64,897 225.9 145.7 29.7 50.5 15.5 10.0 2.0 3.5 2.9 1.9 0.4 0.7 

Note: Total outlays include off-budget outlays; however, all grant outlays are from on-budget accounts. Grants that are both payments for individuals and capital investment are 

shown under capital investment. 




Table 12.2—TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940–2002 


Function and Fund Group 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 

Natural resources and environment ....................................................................................... 2 5 4 3 3 8 7 10 

Agriculture ............................................................................................................................... 25 25 26 26 26 26 30 34 

Transportation ......................................................................................................................... 165 172 152 88 48 34 45 183 

Community and regional development ................................................................................... 277 117 68 130 134 119 68 31 

Education, training, employment, and social services .......................................................... 28 89 141 163 134 123 69 56 

Health ...................................................................................................................................... 22 26 30 32 78 91 68 58 

Income security ....................................................................................................................... 341 401 458 460 476 444 484 828 

Veterans benefits and services .............................................................................................. 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 385 

General government ............................................................................................................... 10 11 11 11 11 12 16 18 

Total outlays for grants to State and local governments ................................. 872 847 892 914 911 859 819 1,603 


Table 12.2—TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940–2002—Continued 



National defense ..................................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ * 13 14 10 

Energy ..................................................................................................................................... ................ 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 


Agriculture ............................................................................................................................... 64 87 106 98 84 97 207 237 

Transportation ......................................................................................................................... 334 434 465 426 448 528 540 594 

Community and regional development ................................................................................... 8 8 1 * 20 25 19 48 


Health ...................................................................................................................................... 40 70 122 174 192 173 144 125 

Income security ....................................................................................................................... 884 1,096 1,335 1,386 1,387 1,555 1,698 1,715 



Total outlays for grants to State and local governments ................................. 1,612 1,876 2,253 2,287 2,433 2,835 3,056 3,207 



197 




National defense ..................................................................................................................... 10 9 14 11 5 11 17 40 

International affairs .................................................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 7 7 

Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 


Agriculture ............................................................................................................................... 374 369 262 300 243 365 485 464 

Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 1 * * 

Transportation ......................................................................................................................... 746 976 1,562 2,671 2,999 2,688 2,841 3,077 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (746) (23) (69) (82) (86) (97) (89) (93) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... ................ (953) (1,493) (2,589) (2,913) (2,591) (2,752) (2,984) 

Community and regional development ................................................................................... 36 44 53 85 109 153 185 246 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (332) (331) (370) (436) (525) (447) (488) (562) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ (120) (170) (131) 

Health ...................................................................................................................................... 138 169 182 222 214 262 365 450 

Income security ....................................................................................................................... 1,763 1,898 2,253 2,497 2,635 2,780 3,054 3,230 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (1,763) (1,898) (2,253) (2,497) (2,635) (2,525) (2,756) (3,024) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ (255) (298) (205) 




Memorandum: 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (3,561) (3,021) (3,412) (3,875) (4,106) (4,161) (4,707) (5,282) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... ................ (953) (1,493) (2,589) (2,913) (2,966) (3,220) (3,320) 






International affairs .................................................................................................................. 4 4 6 7 6 6 5 5 

Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 8 9 10 12 18 20 25 28 


Agriculture ............................................................................................................................... 599 517 368 427 542 752 604 591 

Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................... * * 2 4 9 10 4 2 

Transportation ......................................................................................................................... 3,716 4,100 4,072 4,135 4,340 4,408 4,599 4,919 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (109) (120) (113) (170) (222) (323) (299) (295) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (3,607) (3,980) (3,959) (3,966) (4,117) (4,085) (4,300) (4,624) 

Community and regional development ................................................................................... 517 643 575 582 862 1,049 1,780 2,138 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (517) (643) (575) (582) (862) (1,049) (1,779) (2,137) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ (1) (1) 

Education, training, employment, and social services .......................................................... 844 1,050 2,583 4,165 5,170 5,085 6,417 7,326 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (684) (873) (2,346) (3,882) (4,867) (4,768) (6,065) (6,969) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (160) (177) (237) (283) (303) (317) (351) (357) 

Health ...................................................................................................................................... 539 624 1,165 1,672 2,706 3,203 3,849 4,494 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (3,222) (3,290) (3,340) (3,379) (3,940) (4,535) (5,523) (6,672) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (253) (223) (239) (257) (248) (271) (273) (402) 


Administration of justice .......................................................................................................... ................ ................ 1 3 12 28 42 197 



Memorandum: 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (6,144) (6,531) (8,452) (10,727) (13,882) (15,491) (19,141) (22,715) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (4,020) (4,379) (4,435) (4,506) (4,669) (4,673) (4,925) (5,384) 





Function and Fund Group 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 


International affairs .................................................................................................................. 5 6 7 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 31 33 36 43 56 27 74 180 

Natural resources and environment ....................................................................................... 758 1,066 1,995 2,437 3,027 1,064 4,189 3,898 

Agriculture ............................................................................................................................... 496 484 481 404 425 123 371 426 

Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................... * 2 3 2 4 2 8 13 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (387) (472) (600) (916) (1,497) (348) (2,038) (2,311) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (4,678) (4,876) (4,679) (4,947) (6,483) (1,659) (6,261) (6,526) 

Community and regional development ................................................................................... 2,523 2,623 2,702 2,842 3,445 1,024 4,496 7,078 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (2,513) (2,606) (2,685) (2,820) (3,391) (1,007) (4,448) (7,034) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (10) (17) (17) (23) (54) (17) (48) (43) 

Education, training, employment, and social services .......................................................... 9,478 9,497 9,345 12,133 14,141 3,921 15,753 20,557 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (9,117) (9,134) (8,971) (11,652) (13,797) (3,751) (15,202) (19,975) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (360) (363) (374) (481) (344) (170) (551) (582) 

Health ...................................................................................................................................... 6,010 6,009 7,322 8,810 10,914 2,721 12,104 12,725 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (8,624) (8,421) (8,175) (8,716) (10,080) (2,582) (11,699) (12,843) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (416) (452) (458) (636) (868) (209) (964) (939) 


Administration of justice .......................................................................................................... 322 528 639 725 795 169 713 572 

General government ............................................................................................................... 584 7,302 6,824 7,072 7,218 2,043 9,571 9,687 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (584) (665) (719) (942) (975) (455) (2,814) (2,864) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... ................ (6,636) (6,106) (6,130) (6,243) (1,588) (6,758) (6,823) 


Memorandum: 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (28,910) (29,503) (31,724) (37,574) (45,101) (12,277) (53,834) (62,975) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (5,465) (12,344) (11,634) (12,217) (13,992) (3,643) (14,581) (14,914) 



199 





Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 183 499 617 509 482 534 529 538 

Natural resources and environment ....................................................................................... 4,631 5,363 4,944 4,872 4,018 3,779 4,069 4,255 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (4,631) (5,363) (4,944) (4,869) (4,005) (3,722) (4,022) (4,167) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ (3) (13) (57) (47) (88) 

Agriculture ............................................................................................................................... 456 569 829 986 1,822 1,832 2,420 1,932 

Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................... 12 3 4 3 62 2 2 2 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (3,311) (3,452) (3,983) (3,974) (4,079) (3,835) (3,115) (2,852) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (7,619) (9,569) (9,421) (8,136) (9,121) (11,153) (13,894) (15,465) 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (6,596) (6,442) (6,081) (5,364) (4,960) (5,155) (5,221) (4,861) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (45) (44) (43) (16) (3) (2) (*) (–*) 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (21,639) (21,152) (20,743) (15,904) (15,401) (15,906) (16,899) (18,020) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (610) (710) (730) (685) (724) (763) (918) (932) 

Health ...................................................................................................................................... 14,377 15,758 18,895 18,839 20,224 21,837 24,451 26,823 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (13,788) (17,357) (19,697) (20,513) (23,056) (24,130) (25,577) (27,500) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (952) (1,138) (1,315) (1,417) (1,702) (1,548) (1,576) (1,570) 



General government ............................................................................................................... 8,434 8,616 6,918 6,599 6,541 6,849 6,838 7,159 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (1,587) (1,787) (1,782) (2,031) (1,927) (2,282) (2,254) (2,044) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (6,848) (6,829) (5,137) (4,569) (4,614) (4,567) (4,584) (5,114) 


Memorandum: 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (67,276) (73,095) (78,057) (73,310) (76,271) (79,463) (84,833) (89,161) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (16,075) (18,290) (16,646) (14,825) (16,177) (18,089) (21,019) (23,170) 







Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 455 457 420 461 457 448 460 466 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (3,945) (3,540) (3,316) (3,323) (3,514) (3,484) (3,318) (3,292) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (128) (208) (290) (422) (526) (445) (477) (473) 

Agriculture ............................................................................................................................... 2,092 2,069 1,359 1,285 1,220 1,142 1,117 937 

Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................... 1 1 ................ ................ ................ 11 6 8 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (2,691) (2,629) (2,746) (2,940) (2,827) (2,448) (2,851) (1,887) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (14,182) (15,414) (15,430) (16,233) (16,999) (18,109) (19,440) (21,747) 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (4,235) (4,266) (4,074) (4,965) (4,273) (4,539) (5,665) (7,789) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (*) ................ (–*) (–*) (–*) ................ (*) ................ 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (17,756) (18,932) (20,992) (22,350) (25,521) (27,772) (29,083) (31,707) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (901) (950) (995) (1,009) (1,045) (1,023) (1,077) (1,036) 

Health ...................................................................................................................................... 29,466 32,586 36,679 43,890 55,783 71,416 79,665 86,265 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (28,412) (30,010) (30,809) (33,447) (36,910) (40,998) (44,456) (49,259) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (1,560) (1,610) (1,714) (1,742) (1,954) (2,488) (2,536) (2,273) 




Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (1,924) (1,950) (2,204) (2,309) (2,224) (2,274) (2,131) (2,098) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (76) (–*) (*) ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 


Memorandum: 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (91,553) (97,160) (103,500) (115,919) (133,995) (156,001) (170,082) (185,068) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (16,846) (18,181) (18,428) (19,406) (20,524) (22,064) (23,531) (25,528) 



201 



Function and Fund Group 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 

National defense ..................................................................................................................... 68 38 9 4 1 ................ ................ ................ 

Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 492 481 435 436 483 498 505 512 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (3,695) (3,479) (3,671) (3,437) (3,424) (3,581) (3,745) (3,595) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (453) (421) (447) (533) (363) (380) (384) (391) 

Agriculture ............................................................................................................................... 780 641 661 651 648 642 620 634 

Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................... 5 8 15 9 8 8 8 9 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (2,564) (2,363) (2,772) (2,215) (1,916) (1,561) (1,393) (1,121) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (23,223) (23,594) (23,105) (23,077) (23,016) (23,198) (23,220) (23,481) 



Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (33,045) (32,952) (34,910) (37,589) (40,837) (41,826) (42,129) (41,541) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (1,080) (1,082) (1,016) (1,011) (1,002) (983) (999) (1,021) 

Health ...................................................................................................................................... 93,587 97,650 103,407 111,698 117,603 124,147 131,177 139,300 


Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (52,806) (51,077) (57,543) (60,026) (61,374) (61,936) (62,294) (63,571) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (2,316) (2,298) (2,345) (2,554) (2,516) (2,238) (2,241) (2,243) 


Administration of justice .......................................................................................................... 1,222 1,547 2,644 4,781 6,001 6,311 5,764 5,172 



Memorandum: 

Federal funds ...................................................................................................................... (197,919) (200,416) (217,881) (231,670) (243,124) (249,638) (255,708) (263,385) 

Trust funds .......................................................................................................................... (27,072) (27,395) (26,913) (27,175) (26,897) (26,799) (26,844) (27,136) 


Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated


Table 12.3—TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION, AGENCY, AND PROGRAM: 1940–2002 


1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 

270 ENERGY 

Other Independent Agencies: 

Tennessee Valley Authority fund ........................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 

Total, 270 ........................................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 

300 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT 

Agriculture: 

State and private forestry .................................................................... 2 4 2 2 2 7 6 9 9 9 

Interior: 

Fish and Wildlife Service .................................................................... ................ 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 5 

Total, 300 ........................................................................................ 2 5 4 3 3 8 7 10 12 14 

350 AGRICULTURE 

Agriculture: 

Extension activities .............................................................................. 18 18 19 19 19 19 23 27 26 30 

Cooperative State Research Service .................................................. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 

AMS payments to States and possessions ....................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 3 

Price support and related programs: CCC ......................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 28 46 

Total, 350 ........................................................................................ 25 25 26 26 26 26 30 34 64 87 

400 TRANSPORTATION 


Grants-in-aid for airports (Federal funds) ........................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 6 30 

Other Federal fund aid for highways .................................................. 165 172 152 88 48 33 44 183 327 403 

Merchant Marine Schools ................................................................... * * * * * * * * * * 

Subtotal, Transportation .................................................................. 165 172 152 88 48 34 45 183 334 434 

Total, 400 ........................................................................................ 165 172 152 88 48 34 45 183 334 434 



203 

Table 12.3—TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION, AGENCY, AND PROGRAM: 1940–2002— 

Continued 


1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 

450 COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 

Housing and Urban Development: 

Public works planning and facilities .................................................... 277 117 68 130 134 119 68 31 8 8 

Total, 450 ........................................................................................ 277 117 68 130 134 119 68 31 8 8 

500 EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL SERV- 

ICES 

Education: 

Impact aid ............................................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 5 6 6 

Rehabilitation services and disability research ................................... 4 4 4 5 36 54 48 25 27 18 

Special institutions for the handicapped ............................................. * * * * * * * * * * 

Vocational and adult education ........................................................... 19 80 132 152 93 64 16 20 26 26 

Higher education (including college housing loans) .......................... 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 

Subtotal, Education ......................................................................... 28 89 141 163 134 123 69 56 64 55 

Labor: 

Unemployment assistance (Training and employment—Federal 

funds) ............................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 53 44 

Total, 500 ........................................................................................ 28 89 141 163 134 123 69 56 117 99 

550 HEALTH 

Health and Human Services: 

Health Resources and Services ......................................................... ................ ................ 1 3 48 61 38 12 4 11 

Disease control (Preventive health) .................................................... 4 6 8 9 10 10 9 13 7 21 

National Institutes of Health ................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 3 

***Health Resources and Services ..................................................... 18 20 22 20 20 20 22 33 29 31 

***Substance abuse and mental health services ............................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 3 

Subtotal, Health and Human Services ........................................... 22 26 30 32 78 91 68 58 40 70 

Total, 550 ........................................................................................ 22 26 30 32 78 91 68 58 40 70 

600 INCOME SECURITY 

Agriculture: 

***Child nutrition programs .................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 76 68 75 


***Family support payments to States ................................................ 279 330 376 395 430 401 421 644 732 921 


***Subsidized housing programs ......................................................... ................ 5 10 10 10 9 7 6 3 3 

Labor: 

Grants for unemployment services administration (Federal funds) ... 62 66 72 54 36 34 56 102 80 97 

Total, 600 ........................................................................................ 341 401 458 460 476 444 484 828 884 1,096 




Continued 


1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 

700 VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES 

Veterans Affairs: 

VA State supervision of schools ......................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 6 5 

VA State administration of UI Benefits ............................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 24 21 

VA veterans re-use housing ............................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 29 358 42 5 

VA educational facilities ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 26 53 2 

***Medical care .................................................................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 

Total, 700 ........................................................................................ 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 385 128 36 

800 GENERAL GOVERNMENT 

Agriculture: 

Forest Service: shared revenues ........................................................ 2 2 2 * * * 4 4 5 6 

Defense—Civil: 

Corps of Engineers: shared revenues ................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * * * * 

Interior: 

Miscellaneous shared revenues .......................................................... 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 

Payments to States from receipts under Mineral Leasing Act .......... 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 6 10 

Subtotal, Interior .............................................................................. 3 3 3 5 5 6 6 6 9 13 


Federal payment to the District of Columbia ..................................... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 12 12 

Total, 800 ........................................................................................ 10 11 11 11 11 12 16 18 26 31 

Total, outlays for grants ............................................................................ 872 847 892 914 911 859 819 1,603 1,612 1,876 



205 


Continued 


1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 

050 NATIONAL DEFENSE 


Emergency planning and assistance (Defense-related activities) ....................... ................ ................ * 13 14 10 10 9 14 

Total, 050 ......................................................................................................... ................ ................ * 13 14 10 10 9 14 

270 ENERGY 


Tennessee Valley Authority fund ......................................................................... 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 

Total, 270 ......................................................................................................... 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 


Agriculture: 

Watershed and flood prevention operations ........................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 6 10 15 13 17 

State and private forestry ..................................................................................... 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 

Subtotal, Agriculture ......................................................................................... 10 10 10 10 16 20 26 24 29 

Environmental Protection Agency: 

State and Tribal Assistance Grants ..................................................................... 1 1 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 19 

Interior: 

Mines and minerals .............................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 

Fish and Wildlife Service ...................................................................................... 8 8 10 12 15 16 16 16 19 

Subtotal, Interior ............................................................................................... 8 8 10 12 15 16 16 16 19 

Total, 300 ......................................................................................................... 18 19 21 23 31 36 41 42 67 


Agriculture: 

Extension activities ................................................................................................ 31 31 32 32 32 39 44 50 56 

Cooperative State Research Service ................................................................... 12 12 12 12 13 19 25 29 30 

AMS payments to States and possessions ......................................................... 1 1 1 1 ................ 1 1 1 1 

Price support and related programs: CCC .......................................................... 62 53 38 52 162 178 305 289 174 

Total, 350 ......................................................................................................... 106 98 84 97 207 237 374 369 262 




Continued 


1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 



Grants-in-aid for airports (Federal funds) ............................................................ 33 30 33 27 18 8 17 21 43 

Federal-aid highways (trust fund) ................................................................ TF ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 953 1,493 

Other Federal fund aid for highways ................................................................... 432 396 415 501 522 586 729 2 25 

Merchant Marine Schools ..................................................................................... * * * * * * * * * 

Subtotal, Transportation ................................................................................... 465 426 448 528 540 594 746 976 1,562 

Total, 400 ......................................................................................................... 465 426 448 528 540 594 746 976 1,562 



Public works planning and facilities ..................................................................... 1 * ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Urban renewal programs ...................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 8 12 34 14 30 37 

Subtotal, Housing and Urban Development .................................................... 1 * ................ 8 12 34 14 30 37 

Interior: 

Operation of Indian programs (Area and regional development) ....................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 


FEMA: Disaster relief ............................................................................................ ................ ................ 16 12 2 9 15 10 12 

Alaska and Virgin Islands land use planning and public works ......................... ................ ................ 4 5 5 6 7 4 4 

Subtotal, Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ....................................... ................ ................ 20 17 8 15 22 14 15 

Total, 450 ......................................................................................................... 1 * 20 25 19 48 36 44 53 

500 EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL SERVICES 

Education: 

Impact aid .............................................................................................................. 7 17 91 200 173 203 170 160 178 

Education for the disadvantaged .......................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 4 13 5 1 1 2 

Rehabilitation services and disability research .................................................... 25 16 22 22 23 26 35 34 41 

Special institutions for the handicapped .............................................................. * * * * * * * * * 

Vocational and adult education ............................................................................ 26 27 26 25 25 30 33 38 39 

Higher education (including college housing loans) ............................................ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 

Subtotal, Education ........................................................................................... 64 65 144 257 239 269 244 238 266 

Interior: 

Indian education .................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 7 

Labor: 

Unemployment assistance (Training and employment—Federal funds) ............. 87 67 74 86 70 55 87 91 92 


Office of Libraries: Grants and administration ..................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 5 

Total, 500 ......................................................................................................... 150 132 217 343 309 324 332 331 370 



207 


Continued 


1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 

550 HEALTH 


Health Resources and Services ........................................................................... 57 108 125 110 91 75 57 74 110 

Disease control (Preventive health) ..................................................................... 20 17 15 11 6 5 28 36 6 

National Institutes of Health ................................................................................. 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 

***Health Resources and Services ....................................................................... 36 42 44 44 40 39 47 51 56 

***Substance abuse and mental health services ................................................. 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 6 

Subtotal, Health and Human Services ............................................................ 122 174 192 173 144 125 138 169 182 

Total, 550 ......................................................................................................... 122 174 192 173 144 125 138 169 182 


Agriculture: 

***Child nutrition programs ................................................................................... 83 83 84 83 84 83 82 98 165 


***Family support payments to States ................................................................. 1,123 1,186 1,178 1,330 1,438 1,427 1,455 1,556 1,795 


***Subsidized housing programs .......................................................................... 7 7 12 26 44 67 82 87 95 

Labor: 

Grants for unemployment services administration (Federal funds) .................... 121 111 113 116 133 139 144 157 199 

Total, 600 ......................................................................................................... 1,335 1,386 1,387 1,555 1,698 1,715 1,763 1,898 2,253 



VA State supervision of schools .......................................................................... 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 

VA State administration of UI Benefits ................................................................ 8 2 1 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

VA veterans re-use housing ................................................................................. 2 1 1 * ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

VA educational facilities ........................................................................................ 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

***Medical care ...................................................................................................... 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 

Total, 700 ......................................................................................................... 18 10 7 7 6 8 8 8 8 




Continued 


1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 


Agriculture: 

Forest Service: shared revenues ......................................................................... 8 9 14 17 19 16 19 29 27 


Corps of Engineers: shared revenues ................................................................. * 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 

Interior: 

Miscellaneous shared revenues ........................................................................... 5 3 5 12 9 14 11 14 13 

Payments to States from receipts under Mineral Leasing Act ........................... 11 17 15 17 19 22 24 26 32 

Assistance to territories ........................................................................................ ................ ................ 5 7 6 6 6 6 7 

Payments to the United States territories, fiscal assistance ............................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 4 4 2 3 



Federal payment to the District of Columbia ....................................................... 12 11 11 11 12 22 20 20 20 

Treasury: 

Internal revenue collections for Puerto Rico ........................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 15 16 18 19 19 

Customs: Miscellaneous shared revenues .......................................................... ................ ................ 2 3 4 3 5 5 6 

Subtotal, Treasury ............................................................................................ ................ ................ 2 3 19 19 23 25 24 

Total, 800 ......................................................................................................... 36 40 54 68 84 105 109 123 128 

Total, outlays for grants ............................................................................................. 2,253 2,287 2,433 2,835 3,056 3,207 3,561 3,974 4,905 



209 


Continued 


1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 


Defense—Military: 

Military construction, Army National Guard ......................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 19 14 11 3 1 


Emergency planning and assistance (Defense-related activities) ....................... 11 5 11 17 21 20 22 22 26 

Total, 050 ......................................................................................................... 11 5 11 17 40 35 33 25 27 

150 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 


Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West .......... ................ ................ 1 7 7 4 4 6 7 

Total, 150 ......................................................................................................... ................ ................ 1 7 7 4 4 6 7 

270 ENERGY 



Total, 270 ......................................................................................................... 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 12 


Agriculture: 

Resource conservation and development ............................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * * 1 

Watershed and flood prevention operations ........................................................ 23 33 32 39 57 57 58 69 72 




Corps of Engineers: Flood Control ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ * 17 8 12 18 12 


State and Tribal Assistance Grants ..................................................................... 36 40 44 42 52 66 70 81 84 

Abatement, control, and compliance(including loans) ......................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 5 7 13 

Subtotal, Environmental Protection Agency .................................................... 36 40 44 42 52 66 75 88 97 

Interior: 

Mines and minerals .............................................................................................. 2 2 * * * * 1 1 * 

Colorado River dam fund, Boulder Canyon project ............................................ ................ ................ ................ 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Miscellaneous permanent appropriations ............................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * * * 


Land acquisition(land and water conservation fund) ........................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 3 22 

Miscellaneous expiring appropriations ................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 5 6 



Water resources planning ..................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 

Total, 300 ......................................................................................................... 94 108 109 116 163 168 183 227 254 


Agriculture: 

Agricultural Research Service .............................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 2 3 



AMS payments to States and possessions ......................................................... 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 


Total, 350 ......................................................................................................... 300 243 365 485 464 599 517 368 427 




Continued 


1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 

370 COMMERCE AND HOUSING CREDIT 

Commerce: 

Miscellaneous appropriations ................................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 1 

Promote, develop Amer. fishery products and research ..................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 3 

Scientific and technical research and services .................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * * ................ 

Subtotal, Commerce ......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 2 4 

Small Business Administration: 

Small business assistance ................................................................................... ................ 2 1 * * * * ................ ................ 

Total, 370 ......................................................................................................... ................ 2 1 * * * * 2 4 



Grants-in-aid for airports (Federal funds) ............................................................ 57 57 65 58 52 65 71 54 64 

Federal-aid highways (trust fund) ................................................................ TF 2,589 2,913 2,591 2,752 2,984 3,607 3,980 3,959 3,966 


Urban mass transportation grants ........................................................................ ................ ................ ................ * 2 5 11 16 42 

Merchant Marine Schools ..................................................................................... * 1 * 1 * 1 1 * * 

Subtotal, Transportation ................................................................................... 2,671 2,999 2,688 2,841 3,077 3,716 4,100 4,072 4,135 

Total, 400 ......................................................................................................... 2,671 2,999 2,688 2,841 3,077 3,716 4,100 4,072 4,135 



211 


Continued 


1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 


Agriculture: 

Rural water and waste disposal grants ............................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 11 

Commerce: 

Economic development assistance programs ...................................................... ................ ................ ................ * 3 11 8 7 20 

Funds Appropriated to the President: 

Public works acceleration ..................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 15 257 288 85 19 


Planning assistance .............................................................................................. ................ 3 3 7 12 15 17 20 22 

Urban renewal programs ...................................................................................... 77 102 141 163 185 207 281 313 370 

Public facilities (including Model cities, water and sewers) ................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 5 6 8 26 

Subtotal, Housing and Urban Development .................................................... 77 104 144 169 197 227 303 341 418 

Interior: 

Operation of Indian programs (Area and regional development) ....................... * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 


Appalachian regional development programs ...................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 10 60 

FEMA: Disaster relief ............................................................................................ 4 1 7 14 30 21 43 132 53 

Alaska and Virgin Islands land use planning and public works ......................... 3 2 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Subtotal, Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ....................................... 7 4 8 14 30 21 43 141 112 

Total, 450 ......................................................................................................... 85 109 153 185 246 517 643 575 582 




Continued 


1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 


Education: 

Impact aid .............................................................................................................. 198 237 267 268 330 323 341 378 417 

Education for the disadvantaged .......................................................................... 44 69 50 53 48 69 67 900 1,364 

School improvement programs ............................................................................. ................ ................ ................ 13 15 15 13 2 10 

Special education .................................................................................................. ................ * 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 


Special institutions for the handicapped .............................................................. * * * 1 1 1 1 1 1 



Subtotal, Education ........................................................................................... 332 400 420 455 523 552 674 1,628 2,401 


Social services block grant ................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 322 

Children and families services programs ............................................................. ................ 13 14 18 24 35 33 98 420 

Subtotal, Health and Human Services ............................................................ ................ 13 14 18 24 35 33 98 742 

Interior: 

Indian education .................................................................................................... 6 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 

Labor: 

Training and employment services ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 80 87 336 281 

Unemployment assistance (Training and employment—Federal funds) ............. 94 100 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Unemployment trust fund ............................................................................. TF ................ ................ 120 170 131 160 177 237 283 

Salaries and expenses ......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 

Subtotal, Labor ................................................................................................. 94 100 120 170 131 240 264 573 566 


Community services program (Social services) ................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 41 229 375 

Corporation for public broadcasting ..................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 3 4 8 

National Endowments for the Arts: grants ........................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 5 

Office of Libraries: Grants and administration ..................................................... 5 7 7 8 7 7 26 41 57 


Total, 500 ......................................................................................................... 436 525 567 658 693 844 1,050 2,583 4,165 

550 HEALTH 


Salaries and expenses ......................................................................................... ................ 3 3 4 6 10 5 4 ................ 


Disease control (Preventive health) ..................................................................... 6 5 6 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

National Institutes of Health ................................................................................. 4 6 9 9 12 11 2 * 2 



***Grants to States for Medicaid .......................................................................... ................ ................ 23 103 157 210 272 770 1,173 

Subtotal, Health and Human Services ............................................................ 222 214 262 365 450 539 624 1,165 1,672 

Total, 550 ......................................................................................................... 222 214 262 365 450 539 624 1,165 1,672 



213 


Continued 


1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 


Agriculture: 

***Rural housing for domestic farm labor grants ................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 

***Food stamp program ........................................................................................ ................ ................ ................ 14 19 29 32 65 106 

***Child nutrition programs ................................................................................... 216 232 239 258 262 276 263 291 302 





***Subsidized housing programs .......................................................................... 111 127 140 154 170 183 208 226 250 

Labor: 

Grants for unemployment services administration (Federal funds) .................... 204 217 2 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Unemployment trust fund (administrative expenses) .................................. TF ................ ................ 255 298 205 253 223 239 257 

Subtotal, Labor ................................................................................................. 204 217 257 298 205 253 223 239 257 

Total, 600 ......................................................................................................... 2,497 2,635 2,780 3,054 3,230 3,475 3,512 3,580 3,636 



Medical administration and miscellaneous operating expenses ......................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * * 1 

VA State supervision of schools .......................................................................... 2 2 1 1 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

***Medical care ...................................................................................................... 6 6 8 7 7 8 8 9 9 

***Grants for construction of State extended care facilities ................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 

Total, 700 ......................................................................................................... 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 9 10 

750 ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 

Justice: 

Justice assistance ................................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 3 

Total, 750 ......................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 3 




Continued 


1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 


Agriculture: 



Corps of Engineers: shared revenues ................................................................. 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 

Energy: 

Payments to States under Federal Power Act .................................................... ................ * * * * * * * * 


Alaska transitional grants ..................................................................................... ................ 10 6 6 3 19 1 5 * 

Interior: 



Assistance to territories ........................................................................................ 6 2 2 9 8 12 1 10 11 

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands .................................................................... ................ 5 6 6 15 20 13 17 15 

Payments to the United States territories, fiscal assistance ............................... 4 5 6 6 8 7 8 10 11 




Treasury: 

Internal revenue collections for Puerto Rico ........................................................ 21 23 25 30 45 45 43 52 59 

Customs: Miscellaneous shared revenues .......................................................... 7 8 9 14 13 14 17 20 28 

Subtotal, Treasury ............................................................................................ 28 31 34 44 58 59 60 71 87 

Total, 800 ......................................................................................................... 133 165 172 184 216 251 226 264 299 




215 


Continued 


1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 



Military construction, Army National Guard ......................................................... 1 8 10 8 19 26 33 34 51 



Total, 050 ......................................................................................................... 27 34 37 34 45 57 64 74 89 

150 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 


Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West .......... 6 6 5 5 5 6 7 ................ ................ 

Total, 150 ......................................................................................................... 6 6 5 5 5 6 7 ................ ................ 

270 ENERGY 

Energy: 

Emergency conservation and regulation .............................................................. 5 6 9 8 5 5 5 7 8 



Total, 270 ......................................................................................................... 18 20 25 28 31 33 36 43 56 


Agriculture: 

Resource conservation and development ............................................................ 2 7 8 12 7 8 8 9 13 




Commerce: 

NOAA: Operations, research, and facilities ......................................................... ................ ................ ................ 4 20 26 18 18 23 

NOAA: Coastal zone management ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 7 13 

Subtotal, Commerce ......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 4 20 26 18 24 36 


Corps of Engineers: Flood Control ...................................................................... 15 15 19 4 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ 


State and Tribal Assistance Grants ..................................................................... 122 135 176 478 413 684 1,553 1,938 2,429 

Abatement, control, and compliance(including loans) ......................................... 14 26 18 42 46 61 70 87 134 

Subtotal, Environmental Protection Agency .................................................... 136 161 194 520 460 745 1,623 2,025 2,563 

Interior: 

Mines and minerals .............................................................................................. * ................ 2 –2 2 2 1 4 1 

Colorado River dam fund, Boulder Canyon project ............................................ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Miscellaneous permanent appropriations ............................................................. * * * * * ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Water resources and research ............................................................................. ................ * ................ 8 11 8 7 9 10 


Parks and recreation ............................................................................................ ................ ................ ................ * * * * * * 

Land acquisition(land and water conservation fund) ........................................... 51 44 46 62 89 107 151 157 156 

Historic preservation fund ..................................................................................... * * ................ 1 4 4 5 6 6 

Youth conservation corps ..................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 9 



Water resources planning ..................................................................................... 2 2 2 4 3 3 3 5 5 

Total, 300 ......................................................................................................... 320 351 411 755 758 1,066 1,995 2,437 3,027 




Continued 


1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 


Agriculture: 

Agricultural Research Service .............................................................................. 3 1 1 1 7 ................ ................ ................ ................ 



AMS payments to States and possessions ......................................................... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 * –* 


Total, 350 ......................................................................................................... 542 752 604 591 496 484 481 404 425 


Commerce: 

Miscellaneous appropriations ................................................................................ 4 4 4 2 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Minority business development ............................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 2 3 2 4 

Promote, develop Amer. fishery products and research ..................................... 5 6 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Scientific and technical research and services .................................................... * * * ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Subtotal, Commerce ......................................................................................... 9 10 4 2 * 2 3 2 4 

Total, 370 ......................................................................................................... 9 10 4 2 * 2 3 2 4 



WMATA ................................................................................................................. 2 6 16 35 84 76 170 175 170 


Coast Guard recreational boating safety ............................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 4 4 5 5 

Grants for airports (Airport and airway trust fund) ..................................... TF ................ ................ ................ 61 105 232 243 292 269 

Grants-in-aid for airports (Federal funds) ............................................................ 75 104 83 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 



Other Trust fund aid for highways .............................................................. TF ................ ................ ................ 2 4 7 9 8 1 

Highway safety grants ................................................................................. TF ................ ................ ................ ................ 7 32 66 74 81 

Rail service assistance ......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 

Railroad safety ...................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * * 

Urban mass transportation grants ........................................................................ 66 136 104 156 179 291 348 689 1,262 

Research and special programs (pipeline safety and other) .............................. ................ ................ ................ ................ * ................ 1 1 1 

Merchant Marine Schools ..................................................................................... * * * * * * * ................ ................ 


Total, 400 ......................................................................................................... 4,340 4,408 4,599 4,919 5,065 5,349 5,279 5,864 7,980 



217 


Continued 


1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 


Agriculture: 

Rural water and waste disposal grants ............................................................... 29 28 25 26 35 42 34 35 75 

Rural community fire protection grants ................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 4 

Rural development planning grants ..................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 4 7 


Commerce: 

Economic development assistance programs ...................................................... 114 145 156 176 167 194 202 209 202 

Regional development programs .......................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 1 16 22 21 19 21 

Regional development commissions ........................................................... TF ................ ................ 1 1 10 16 16 22 53 

Subtotal, Commerce ......................................................................................... 114 145 157 178 193 232 240 250 276 


Public works acceleration ..................................................................................... 5 2 1 * * * ................ ................ ................ 


Planning assistance .............................................................................................. 25 33 41 49 47 74 99 96 92 

Community development block grants ................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 38 983 

Urban renewal programs ...................................................................................... 475 534 1,054 1,026 1,218 1,010 1,205 1,374 1,166 

Public facilities (including Model cities, water and sewers) ................................ 84 144 254 505 704 836 726 601 271 

New community assistance grants ....................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ * * 1 3 1 

Subtotal, Housing and Urban Development .................................................... 584 711 1,349 1,581 1,969 1,921 2,030 2,112 2,513 

Interior: 

Operation of Indian programs (Area and regional development) ....................... 1 1 2 2 2 10 4 2 2 


Appalachian regional development programs ...................................................... 98 155 184 229 235 260 286 306 315 


Alaska and Virgin Islands land use planning and public works ......................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 1 * 1 

Alaska land use planning: cooperative funds ............................................. TF ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 1 1 * 


Total, 450 ......................................................................................................... 862 1,049 1,780 2,138 2,523 2,623 2,702 2,842 3,445 




Continued 


1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 


Commerce: 

Job opportunities program .................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 22 269 

Education: 

Indian education .................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 10 24 25 

Impact aid .............................................................................................................. 472 375 622 493 602 519 529 577 558 

Education for the disadvantaged .......................................................................... 1,455 1,427 1,470 1,798 1,883 1,819 1,615 2,184 2,108 

School improvement programs ............................................................................. 22 28 86 163 178 161 399 332 218 

Bilingual and immigrant education ....................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 50 93 51 

Special education .................................................................................................. 8 22 31 29 33 40 43 58 90 


Special institutions for the handicapped .............................................................. 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 



***Student financial assistance ............................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 22 35 

Subtotal, Education ........................................................................................... 2,882 2,812 3,279 3,689 3,904 3,877 3,865 4,815 4,679 


Payments to States for the job opportunities and basic skills training .............. ................ 31 81 123 163 266 323 304 299 

Social services block grant ................................................................................... 347 378 574 785 1,931 1,613 1,471 2,047 2,251 

Children and families services programs ............................................................. 441 330 390 430 563 499 679 803 759 

Subtotal, Health and Human Services ............................................................ 788 738 1,045 1,338 2,657 2,377 2,473 3,154 3,310 

Interior: 


Labor: 

Temporary employment assistance ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 558 1,002 598 372 1,887 

Training and employment services ...................................................................... 556 513 954 1,107 1,156 987 1,137 2,504 2,853 

State unemployment insurance and employment service operations ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 64 60 –19 182 

Unemployment trust fund ............................................................................. TF 303 317 351 357 360 363 374 481 344 

Subtotal, Labor ................................................................................................. 859 830 1,305 1,464 2,075 2,416 2,169 3,339 5,266 


Community services program (Social services) ................................................... 526 615 648 715 708 676 622 493 380 

Corporation for public broadcasting ..................................................................... 7 5 15 23 35 35 48 62 70 

National Endowments for the Arts: grants ........................................................... 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 14 17 



Total, 500 ......................................................................................................... 5,170 5,085 6,417 7,326 9,478 9,497 9,345 12,133 14,141 



219 


Continued 


1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 

550 HEALTH 

Agriculture: 

Food safety and inspection .................................................................................. 1 10 18 27 29 29 30 33 30 

Executive Office of the President: 

Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention ............................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 6 10 7 



Disease control (Preventive health) ..................................................................... ................ ................ 2 5 1 46 51 59 67 

National Institutes of Health ................................................................................. ................ 2 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Substance abuse and mental health services ..................................................... 171 47 66 50 103 ................ ................ ................ ................ 



***Grants to States for Medicaid .......................................................................... 1,806 2,285 2,727 3,362 4,601 4,600 5,818 6,840 8,568 

Subtotal, Health and Human Services ............................................................ 2,705 3,193 3,832 4,467 5,974 5,969 7,259 8,729 10,844 

Labor: 

Occupational and mine safety .............................................................................. ................ ................ ................ * 7 11 27 38 34 

Total, 550 ......................................................................................................... 2,706 3,203 3,849 4,494 6,010 6,009 7,322 8,810 10,914 


Agriculture: 

***Funds for strengthening markets, income, and supply (section 32) .............. ................ ................ ................ ................ 580 728 743 451 277 

***Rural housing for domestic farm labor grants ................................................. 1 3 6 3 1 4 3 3 3 

***Mutual and self-help housing grants ................................................................ ................ ................ ................ * 1 1 3 3 3 

***Food stamp program ........................................................................................ 171 234 559 20 27 31 48 136 267 

***Commodity assistance program ....................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 8 

***Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ......................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 141 

***Child nutrition programs ................................................................................... 318 336 379 603 707 685 793 1,565 1,878 

Subtotal, Agriculture ......................................................................................... 490 573 944 627 1,316 1,450 1,589 2,159 2,576 


Family support payments to States ..................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 96 




***Subsidized housing programs .......................................................................... 283 344 436 558 749 1,049 1,116 1,326 1,410 

Labor: 

Unemployment trust fund (administrative expenses) .................................. TF 248 271 273 402 416 452 458 636 868 

Social Security Administration(On-budget): 

***Supplemental security income program ........................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 47 110 67 

***Special benefits for disabled coal miners ........................................................ ................ ................ ................ 1 * ................ * ................ ................ 

Subtotal, Social Security Administration (On-budget) ..................................... ................ ................ ................ 1 * ................ 47 110 67 

Total, 600 ......................................................................................................... 4,188 4,806 5,795 7,074 9,040 8,872 8,633 9,352 10,948 



Medical administration and miscellaneous operating expenses ......................... 2 * 1 1 * 1 1 1 * 

Assistance for health manpower training institutions .......................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 6 20 

***Medical care ...................................................................................................... 9 12 14 16 17 17 21 22 22 

***Grants for construction of State extended care facilities ................................ 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 3 9 

Total, 700 ......................................................................................................... 13 14 18 19 19 20 26 32 52 




Continued 


1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 


Justice: 

Justice assistance ................................................................................................. 6 28 41 196 321 526 637 722 789 


Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ....................................................... 6 ................ 1 1 1 1 2 3 6 

Total, 750 ......................................................................................................... 12 28 42 197 322 528 639 725 795 


Agriculture: 




Energy: 

Payments to States under Federal Power Act .................................................... * * * * * * * * 5 

Interior: 




Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands .................................................................... 21 34 40 49 51 61 63 69 82 



Office of Personnel Management: 

Intergovernmental personnel assistance .............................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 3 14 14 15 15 




Treasury: 

General revenue sharing trust fund ............................................................ TF ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 6,636 6,106 6,130 6,243 



Subtotal, Treasury ............................................................................................ 98 115 133 143 175 6,823 6,302 6,423 6,569 

Total, 800 ......................................................................................................... 338 396 479 516 584 7,302 6,824 7,072 7,218 




221 


Continued 


TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 






Total, 050 ......................................................................................................... 15 96 60 94 93 75 68 86 95 

270 ENERGY 

Energy: 



Assistance for solar and conservation improvements ......................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 8 



Total, 270 ......................................................................................................... 27 74 180 183 499 617 509 482 534 


Agriculture: 



Forest and rangeland research ............................................................................ ................ ................ 8 8 8 6 10 9 7 



Commerce: 

NOAA: Operations, research, and facilities ......................................................... 6 19 18 43 69 47 50 80 109 

NOAA: Coastal zone management ...................................................................... 5 22 24 27 41 50 33 43 31 



State and Tribal Assistance Grants ..................................................................... 919 3,530 3,187 3,756 4,343 3,881 3,756 2,983 2,619 


Hazardous substance superfund ................................................................. TF ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 3 13 57 

Subtotal, Environmental Protection Agency .................................................... 955 3,724 3,390 3,963 4,603 4,181 4,079 3,266 2,921 

Interior: 

Mines and minerals .............................................................................................. –* * * 13 25 27 72 80 103 

Water and Related Resources ............................................................................. ................ ................ 3 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Colorado River dam fund, Boulder Canyon project ............................................ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ................ ................ 

Water resources and research ............................................................................. 2 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 


Parks and recreation ............................................................................................ ................ * 12 10 10 16 35 31 39 


Historic preservation fund ..................................................................................... 2 9 10 28 47 51 36 31 51 

Youth conservation corps ..................................................................................... * 18 18 18 16 11 6 –* ................ 

Miscellaneous expiring appropriations ................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 



Water resources planning ..................................................................................... ................ 2 3 3 8 7 ................ ................ ................ 

Total, 300 ......................................................................................................... 1,064 4,189 3,898 4,631 5,363 4,944 4,872 4,018 3,779 




Continued 


TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 


Agriculture: 

Agricultural Research Service .............................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 8 



AMS payments to States and possessions ......................................................... * * 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 

Price support and related programs: CCC .......................................................... 47 56 87 84 169 409 548 1,366 1,306 

Commodity assistance program ........................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 7 49 

Total, 350 ......................................................................................................... 123 371 426 456 569 829 986 1,822 1,832 


Agriculture: 

Miscellaneous expiring appropriations ................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 2 1 * * 

Commerce: 

Miscellaneous appropriations ................................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ –* ................ 

Minority business development ............................................................................ 2 8 13 12 2 2 2 2 2 


Small Business Administration: 

Small business assistance ................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 59 ................ 

Total, 370 ......................................................................................................... 2 8 13 12 3 4 3 62 2 



WMATA ................................................................................................................. 52 290 149 577 34 3 5 3 8 


Coast Guard recreational boating safety ............................................................. 1 7 6 4 2 * ................ 5 ................ 

Boat safety ................................................................................................... TF ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 11 

Grants for airports (Airport and airway trust fund) ..................................... TF 26 335 562 556 590 469 339 453 694 



Motor carrier safety ...................................................................................... TF ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 

Other Trust fund aid for highways .............................................................. TF 3 11 24 49 93 84 43 17 12 

Highway safety grants ................................................................................. TF 26 116 133 189 210 226 164 119 129 

Rail service assistance ......................................................................................... 5 22 35 51 52 48 54 46 32 

Railroad safety ...................................................................................................... * * * 1 2 3 1 1 2 

Conrail commuter transition assistance ............................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 25 135 ................ 

Urban mass transportation grants ............................................................... TF ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 3 233 

Urban mass transportation grants ........................................................................ 279 1,616 1,972 2,408 3,129 3,771 3,782 3,655 3,483 

Research and special programs (pipeline safety and other) .............................. 1 2 1 2 3 3 2 3 3 

Merchant Marine Schools ..................................................................................... ................ ................ * 1 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ 


Total, 400 ......................................................................................................... 2,007 8,299 8,837 10,931 13,022 13,404 12,110 13,200 14,988 



223 


Continued 


TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 


Agriculture: 


Rural community fire protection grants ................................................................ 1 4 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 

Rural development planning grants ..................................................................... 3 10 10 15 17 14 8 4 1 


Commerce: 


Local public works and drought assistance programs ........................................ ................ 579 3,108 1,750 416 83 39 17 9 

Regional development programs .......................................................................... 2 17 18 19 60 31 10 5 –1 

Regional development commissions ........................................................... TF 17 47 43 45 44 43 16 3 2 

Coastal energy impact fund ................................................................................. ................ ................ * 3 4 2 1 –2 ................ 

Subtotal, Commerce ......................................................................................... 78 808 3,429 2,162 976 567 389 270 259 

Energy: 

Energy conservation ............................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ * 7 15 10 ................ ................ 


Public works acceleration ..................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ * * ................ ................ 1 


Planning assistance .............................................................................................. 20 76 67 62 52 39 20 3 –* 

Community development block grants ................................................................. 439 2,089 2,464 3,161 3,902 4,042 3,792 3,554 3,819 

Urban development action grants ........................................................................ ................ ................ ................ 73 225 371 388 451 454 

Urban renewal programs ...................................................................................... 295 899 392 298 214 156 101 38 24 

Miscellaneous appropriations ................................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 –* –* 

Public facilities (including Model cities, water and sewers) ................................ 33 80 46 38 20 19 9 3 4 

New community assistance grants ....................................................................... * 2 1 * * 1 1 * * 

Subtotal, Housing and Urban Development .................................................... 787 3,146 2,971 3,632 4,413 4,628 4,310 4,048 4,300 

Interior: 

Operation of Indian programs (Area and regional development) ....................... * ................ 17 18 18 18 17 17 16 



FEMA: Disaster assistance .................................................................................. ................ ................ 2 3 5 ................ 4 5 10 


Alaska and Virgin Islands land use planning and public works ......................... * 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Alaska land use planning: cooperative funds ............................................. TF * 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Payment to the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation .................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 12 12 14 16 16 


Total, 450 ......................................................................................................... 1,024 4,496 7,078 6,641 6,486 6,124 5,379 4,962 5,157 




Continued 


TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 


Commerce: 

Job opportunities program .................................................................................... 79 98 12 2 5 * 1 1 1 

Public telecommunications facilities, planning and construction ......................... ................ ................ ................ 9 20 20 12 23 17 


Education: 


Impact aid .............................................................................................................. 66 719 706 858 622 693 546 548 567 

Education for the disadvantaged .......................................................................... 647 2,225 2,666 2,965 3,370 3,345 2,939 2,629 3,067 

School improvement programs ............................................................................. 60 274 291 395 523 627 636 509 570 

Bilingual and immigrant education ....................................................................... 48 115 135 149 166 160 110 108 112 

Special education .................................................................................................. 16 120 226 456 810 1,023 1,131 1,125 791 

Rehabilitation services and disability research .................................................... 235 870 868 946 956 978 780 852 1,301 



Higher education (including college housing loans) ............................................ 2 21 6 24 20 11 3 3 ................ 

***Student financial assistance ............................................................................. 6 62 56 62 78 78 57 51 70 



Payments to States for the job opportunities and basic skills training .............. 84 348 353 372 383 368 222 281 259 

Social services block grant ................................................................................... 561 2,534 2,809 3,091 2,763 2,646 2,567 2,508 2,789 

Children and families services programs ............................................................. 200 950 1,119 1,199 1,548 1,735 1,770 2,024 2,070 

Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 557 402 408 648 

Subtotal, Health and Human Services ............................................................ 846 3,832 4,281 4,662 4,694 5,306 4,962 5,221 5,766 

Interior: 


Labor: 

Temporary employment assistance ...................................................................... 519 2,340 4,769 3,285 1,796 852 38 45 –15 

Training and employment services ...................................................................... 980 2,940 4,251 5,397 6,191 5,926 3,295 3,187 2,555 

Community service employment for older Americans ......................................... ................ 3 24 35 45 52 56 51 59 

State unemployment insurance and employment service operations ................ –26 53 46 65 24 51 24 –5 16 

Unemployment trust fund ............................................................................. TF 170 551 582 610 710 730 685 724 763 

Salaries and expenses ......................................................................................... 5 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Subtotal, Labor ................................................................................................. 1,648 5,887 9,673 9,392 8,766 7,611 4,097 4,003 3,378 


Community services program (Social services) ................................................... 116 499 537 553 547 576 131 –18 –12 



Office of Museum Services: Grants and administration ...................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 6 2 4 



Treasury: 

Social services claims .......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 543 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Total, 500 ......................................................................................................... 3,921 15,753 20,557 22,249 21,862 21,474 16,589 16,125 16,669 



225 


Continued 


TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 

550 HEALTH 

Agriculture: 


Executive Office of the President: 

Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention ............................................... * * 1 1 * –* * ................ ................ 


Health Resources and Services ........................................................................... 168 884 494 293 25 240 4 55 ................ 


***Health Resources and Services ....................................................................... 142 740 818 913 916 968 591 429 1,025 




Labor: 

Occupational and mine safety .............................................................................. 9 32 42 45 48 45 47 54 64 

Total, 550 ......................................................................................................... 2,721 12,104 12,725 14,377 15,758 18,895 18,839 20,224 21,837 


Agriculture: 

***Funds for strengthening markets, income, and supply (section 32) .............. 62 38 269 270 456 285 379 541 408 


***Mutual and self-help housing grants ................................................................ 1 4 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 

***Food stamp program ........................................................................................ 65 271 299 324 412 489 752 1,444 1,547 

***Commodity assistance program ....................................................................... * 48 52 64 101 104 121 171 202 

***Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ......................................... 41 242 371 542 716 928 928 1,123 1,365 

***Child nutrition programs ................................................................................... 390 2,775 2,526 2,862 3,388 3,359 2,875 3,115 3,361 

Subtotal, Agriculture ......................................................................................... 560 3,385 3,527 4,072 5,093 5,189 5,084 6,417 6,901 


Family support payments to States ..................................................................... 36 186 247 252 384 439 459 497 487 

Payments to States from receipts for child support ............................................ ................ ................ * * * 1 1 1 * 


***Low income home energy assistance ............................................................. ................ 110 193 186 1,180 1,653 1,685 1,991 2,024 

***Refugee and entrant assistance ...................................................................... ................ ................ 56 132 338 641 878 504 585 



***Subsidized housing programs .......................................................................... 283 1,309 1,721 2,119 2,610 3,105 3,883 4,151 4,611 

***Congregate services ......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ * 1 3 3 4 

Subtotal, Housing and Urban Development .................................................... 411 1,814 2,412 2,773 3,435 4,034 4,894 5,695 5,750 

Labor: 

State unemployment insurance and employment service operations ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 5 15 4 

Unemployment trust fund (administrative expenses) .................................. TF 209 964 939 952 1,138 1,315 1,417 1,702 1,548 

Subtotal, Labor ................................................................................................. 209 964 939 952 1,138 1,315 1,422 1,718 1,552 


***Emergency food and shelter program ............................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 79 58 

Social Security Administration(On-budget): 

***Supplemental security income program ........................................................... 5 39 39 41 39 45 20 13 8 

Subtotal, Social Security Administration (On-budget) ..................................... 5 39 39 41 39 45 20 13 8 

Total, 600 ......................................................................................................... 2,791 12,663 13,782 14,740 18,495 21,013 21,930 24,758 25,678 




Continued 


TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 



Medical administration and miscellaneous operating expenses ......................... * * * 1 1 1 ................ 4 6 

Assistance for health manpower training institutions .......................................... 5 31 35 37 40 23 5 3 * 

Grants for the construction of State veterans cemeteries .................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ * 1 1 2 1 

***Medical care ...................................................................................................... 6 40 34 35 35 41 42 44 54 


Total, 700 ......................................................................................................... 13 79 76 86 90 74 63 66 66 



Fair housing activities ........................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 2 5 6 

Justice: 

Salaries and expenses ......................................................................................... ................ 1 4 8 9 8 9 9 3 


Subtotal, Justice ............................................................................................... 168 707 563 505 513 316 168 79 44 


Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ....................................................... 1 6 9 12 16 15 17 18 19 

Total, 750 ......................................................................................................... 169 713 572 517 529 332 187 101 69 


Agriculture: 




Corps of Engineers: shared revenues ................................................................. 4 ................ 5 6 5 5 5 6 6 

Energy: 

Payments to States under Federal Power Act .................................................... * ................ * * * * * 1 * 

Interior: 

Payments in lieu of taxes ..................................................................................... ................ 100 98 105 103 104 96 96 104 



Payments to Papago trust and cooperative fund ................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 15 ................ 




Subtotal, Interior ............................................................................................... 181 381 557 619 649 855 1,058 956 1,145 

Office of Personnel Management: 

Intergovernmental personnel assistance .............................................................. 4 13 19 19 19 18 7 * –* 




Treasury: 

Antirecession financial assistance fund ............................................................... ................ 1,699 1,329 * ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

General revenue sharing trust fund ............................................................ TF 1,588 6,758 6,823 6,848 6,829 5,137 4,569 4,614 4,567 



Subtotal, Treasury ............................................................................................ 1,655 8,852 8,577 7,275 7,324 5,435 4,883 5,007 5,009 

Total, 800 ......................................................................................................... 2,043 9,571 9,687 8,434 8,616 6,918 6,599 6,541 6,849 




227 


Continued 


1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 



Operation and maintenance, Navy ....................................................................... ................ ................ 5 ................ 4 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Research, development, test, and evaluation, Navy ........................................... ................ ................ 2 2 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Research, development, test, and evaluation, Army ........................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 ................ ................ ................ ................ 


National defense stockpile transaction fund ........................................................ ................ ................ ................ 2 28 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Subtotal, Defense—Military .............................................................................. 52 95 113 108 165 150 104 218 53 



Total, 050 ......................................................................................................... 157 177 193 188 253 241 185 318 152 

270 ENERGY 

Energy: 



Assistance for solar and conservation improvements ......................................... 27 32 10 3 1 * * * * 



Total, 270 ......................................................................................................... 529 538 455 457 420 461 457 448 460 




Continued 


1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 


Agriculture: 



Solid waste management grants .......................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 3 

Forest and rangeland research ............................................................................ 1 8 13 14 15 * 1 * * 



Commerce: 


NOAA: Coastal zone management ...................................................................... 24 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Coastal zone management fund .......................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 6 4 



State and Tribal Assistance Grants ..................................................................... 2,889 3,109 2,919 2,514 2,354 2,290 2,389 2,412 2,109 


Hazardous substance superfund ................................................................. TF 47 49 42 78 120 198 262 154 187 

Leaking underground storage tank trust fund ............................................. TF ................ ................ ................ 7 24 45 63 64 59 

Subtotal, Environmental Protection Agency .................................................... 3,197 3,419 3,251 2,895 2,797 2,874 3,071 3,038 2,852 

Interior: 

National forests fund, payment to States ............................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 

Leases of lands for flood control, navigation, etc ............................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 

Mines and minerals .............................................................................................. 144 164 179 195 181 200 197 166 170 

Bureau of reclamation loan program account ..................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 2 


Fish and Wildlife Service (Sport fish restoration) ....................................... TF ................ 39 85 122 146 179 200 227 231 

Parks and recreation ............................................................................................ 44 7 4 1 2 2 * 3 7 



Miscellaneous expiring appropriations ................................................................. * ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 


Total, 300 ......................................................................................................... 4,069 4,255 4,073 3,747 3,606 3,745 4,040 3,929 3,796 


Agriculture: 

Agricultural Research Service .............................................................................. 3 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 




State mediation grants .......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 3 

Price support and related programs: CCC .......................................................... 1,888 1,281 1,445 1,400 493 403 288 349 281 

Agricultural resource conservation demonstration guaranteed loans ................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 9 

Commodity assistance program ........................................................................... 50 50 46 49 161 167 168 165 163 

P.L. 102–552 Temporary Assistance ................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 42 

Total, 350 ......................................................................................................... 2,420 1,932 2,092 2,069 1,359 1,285 1,220 1,142 1,117 



229 


Continued 


1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 


Agriculture: 

Miscellaneous expiring appropriations ................................................................. ................ –* ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Commerce: 

Minority business development ............................................................................ 2 2 1 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

USTS: Tourism marketing programs .................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 3 

Promote, develop Amer. fishery products and research ..................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 3 3 

Industrial technology services .............................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * * 

Subtotal, Commerce ......................................................................................... 2 2 1 1 ................ ................ ................ 5 6 

Treasury: 

Emergency assistance to Rhode Island program account ................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 6 ................ 

Total, 370 ......................................................................................................... 2 2 1 1 ................ ................ ................ 11 6 



WMATA ................................................................................................................. 25 7 6 9 3 8 4 1 1 


Research, development, test, and evaluation ...................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * * 

Boat safety ................................................................................................... TF 12 23 22 31 27 26 35 36 37 

Grants for airports (Airport and airway trust fund) ..................................... TF 789 853 917 825 1,135 1,220 1,541 1,672 1,931 



Motor carrier safety ...................................................................................... TF 9 14 26 47 54 65 62 63 62 



Rail service assistance ......................................................................................... 34 20 19 21 14 14 * 1 5 

Railroad safety ...................................................................................................... 1 2 2 1 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Local rail freight assistance .................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 2 6 7 

Conrail commuter transition assistance ............................................................... ................ ................ ................ 1 2 2 5 8 7 

Urban mass transportation grants ............................................................... TF 507 633 668 696 849 879 1,054 1,268 1,298 

Urban mass transportation grants ........................................................................ 2,797 2,666 2,586 2,531 2,649 2,849 2,762 2,309 2,587 

Research and special programs (pipeline safety and other) .............................. 4 4 4 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Pipeline safety ....................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 2 4 4 5 6 7 

Emergency preparedness grants ......................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 


Total, 400 ......................................................................................................... 17,009 18,318 16,873 18,043 18,176 19,174 19,826 20,556 22,292 




Continued 


1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 


Agriculture: 

Emergency community water assistance grants ................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 4 7 


Rural Development Insurance Fund Program Account ....................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 55 85 


Rural business enterprise grants ......................................................................... ................ ................ * 1 3 7 15 10 12 

Rural development planning grants ..................................................................... 1 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Rural development loan fund liquidating account ................................................ ................ ................ ................ 2 3 2 2 1 –* 


Commerce: 


Local public works and drought assistance programs ........................................ 2 2 1 * –* * –* ................ ................ 

Regional development programs .......................................................................... 10 * * * * * ................ ................ ................ 

Regional development commissions ........................................................... TF * –* * ................ –* –* –* ................ * 



Subsidized housing programs .............................................................................. 15 142 166 180 271 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Other assisted housing programs ........................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 239 88 13 1 

Planning assistance .............................................................................................. –* ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Community development block grants ................................................................. 3,817 3,326 2,967 3,050 2,948 2,818 2,976 3,090 3,198 

Urban development action grants ........................................................................ 497 461 354 216 242 209 128 52 51 

Rental rehabilitation grants ................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 4 37 80 ................ ................ 

Supp. assist. for facilities for the homeless ......................................................... ................ ................ ................ 3 6 3 4 3 5 

Urban renewal programs ...................................................................................... 28 13 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Miscellaneous appropriations ................................................................................ –* –* –* ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Public facilities (including Model cities, water and sewers) ................................ ................ ................ 7 109 8 –1 2 185 –86 

New community assistance grants ....................................................................... 1 * ................ * ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Subtotal, Housing and Urban Development .................................................... 4,357 3,941 3,494 3,557 3,480 3,304 3,278 3,344 3,169 

Interior: 


Payment to White Earth economic development fund ........................................ ................ ................ 7 * ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Indian direct loan program account ..................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 2 

Indian guaranteed loan program account ............................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 4 




FEMA: Disaster assistance .................................................................................. 17 10 9 9 9 11 15 22 17 

FEMA: Disaster relief ............................................................................................ 163 288 193 164 123 1,173 482 606 1,821 

FEMA: National insurance development fund ..................................................... ................ 2 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Payment to the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation .................................. 16 18 19 19 19 27 26 15 11 

Subtotal, Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ....................................... 393 472 361 333 256 1,335 679 768 1,986 

Total, 450 ......................................................................................................... 5,221 4,861 4,235 4,266 4,074 4,965 4,273 4,539 5,666 



231 


Continued 


1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 


Commerce: 

Job opportunities program .................................................................................... * * * * * ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Public telecommunications facilities, planning and construction ......................... 19 18 22 20 18 23 20 ................ 12 

Subtotal, Commerce ......................................................................................... 19 18 22 20 18 23 20 ................ 12 


Payment to the Henry M. Jackson Foundation ................................................... ................ ................ 10 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Education: 


Impact aid .............................................................................................................. 629 678 695 694 735 799 747 785 468 

Chicago litigation settlement ................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ * 6 10 10 13 15 


School improvement programs ............................................................................. 479 575 785 384 846 1,080 1,243 1,361 1,903 


Special education .................................................................................................. 928 1,596 1,159 1,355 1,771 1,485 2,006 2,067 2,356 

Rehabilitation services and disability research .................................................... 733 1,198 1,280 1,409 1,490 1,623 1,751 1,835 1,804 


Promotion of education for the blind ........................................................... TF * –* * * * * ................ ................ ................ 

Vocational and adult education ............................................................................ 633 1,008 1,225 1,261 824 1,287 1,038 1,020 1,133 

Higher education (including college housing loans) ............................................ 6 * 15 21 21 25 19 23 30 

College housing and academic facilities loans liquidating account .................... 8 6 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Education research, statistics, and improvement ................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 4 29 

***Student financial assistance ............................................................................. 76 82 66 68 68 73 60 73 89 



State legalization impact assistance grants ......................................................... ................ ................ ................ 9 321 544 825 501 317 

Payments to States for the job opportunities and basic skills training .............. 274 227 137 90 86 265 546 594 736 

Social services block grant ................................................................................... 2,743 2,671 2,688 2,666 2,671 2,749 2,822 2,708 2,785 

Children and families services programs ............................................................. 2,179 2,181 2,132 2,406 2,954 2,618 3,340 4,064 3,614 

Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................................... 738 794 783 988 1,338 1,579 2,120 2,505 2,636 

***Aging services programs .................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 567 


Interior: 

Indian education .................................................................................................... 2 22 23 ................ ................ ................ ................ 41 43 

Labor: 

Temporary employment assistance ...................................................................... –18 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Training and employment services ...................................................................... 2,775 3,019 2,929 2,958 3,020 3,042 2,985 3,388 3,245 

Community service employment for older Americans ......................................... 70 71 68 62 68 76 79 88 84 

State unemployment insurance and employment service operations ................ –27 25 38 29 –22 23 –25 –38 23 

Federal unemployment benefits and allowances ................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 17 3 51 65 77 

Unemployment trust fund ............................................................................. TF 918 932 901 950 995 1,009 1,045 1,023 1,077 



Community services program (Social services) ................................................... –1 –2 –3 –* –1 –1 ................ ................ ................ 



Office of Museum Services: Grants and administration ...................................... 5 6 5 5 5 5 6 7 5 


Domestic volunteer service programs, Operating expenses ............................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 43 


Total, 500 ......................................................................................................... 17,817 18,953 18,657 19,882 21,987 23,359 26,566 28,795 30,160 




Continued 


1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

550 HEALTH 

Agriculture: 




Health activities funds ........................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 27 3 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

***Health Resources and Services ....................................................................... 1,037 1,078 1,128 1,079 1,085 1,141 1,112 1,359 1,438 

***Substance abuse and mental health services ................................................. 501 494 622 720 666 1,241 1,744 1,778 1,994 



Labor: 


Total, 550 ......................................................................................................... 24,451 26,823 29,466 32,586 36,679 43,890 55,783 71,416 79,665 


Agriculture: 



***Mutual and self-help housing grants ................................................................ 8 7 6 7 7 8 ................ ................ ................ 

***Rural housing preservation grants ................................................................... ................ ................ 10 19 19 20 10 10 7 

***Food stamp program ........................................................................................ 1,710 1,792 1,959 1,993 2,075 2,130 2,371 2,607 2,611 

***Commodity assistance program ....................................................................... 210 219 220 243 282 320 317 340 325 

***Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ......................................... 1,495 1,577 1,669 1,801 1,940 2,119 2,275 2,542 2,842 

***Child nutrition programs ................................................................................... 3,480 3,678 3,922 4,158 4,455 4,871 5,418 5,993 6,589 

Subtotal, Agriculture ......................................................................................... 7,372 7,642 8,178 8,601 9,237 9,844 10,843 12,051 12,794 


Program administration ......................................................................................... ................ 6 3 10 4 4 ................ ................ ................ 

Family support payments to States ..................................................................... 577 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Payments to States from receipts for child support ............................................ * * * * * * * * * 


***Low income home energy assistance ............................................................. 2,139 2,046 1,829 1,585 1,393 1,314 1,742 1,142 1,067 

***Refugee and entrant assistance ...................................................................... 420 422 374 312 370 391 228 304 327 

***Payments to States for the child care and development block grants .......... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 411 



Section 8 moderate rehabilitation, single room occupancy ................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 1 3 

Home investment partnership program ................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 3 212 

***Subsidized housing programs .......................................................................... 5,197 5,221 4,588 5,880 6,154 7,216 8,007 9,706 10,899 

***Congregate services ......................................................................................... 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 

***HOPE grants ..................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 35 

***Drug elimination grants for low-income housing ............................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 37 116 

***Low-rent public housing—loans and other expenses ..................................... ................ 1,012 1,393 1,210 773 458 313 207 213 

***Emergency shelter grants program .................................................................. ................ ................ 2 23 42 46 60 71 71 

***Transitional housing program ........................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 11 22 33 56 69 91 

***Shelter plus care .............................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 


Labor: 

Unemployment trust fund (administrative expenses) .................................. TF 1,576 1,570 1,560 1,610 1,714 1,742 1,954 2,488 2,536 


***Emergency food and shelter program ............................................................. 69 89 114 120 125 132 133 135 129 

Total, 600 ......................................................................................................... 27,153 29,070 29,972 31,620 32,523 35,189 38,864 43,486 46,991 



233 


Continued 


1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 



Medical administration and miscellaneous operating expenses ......................... 5 4 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Assistance for health manpower training institutions .......................................... 2 1 * –* * ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Grants for the construction of State veterans cemeteries .................................. 1 4 1 * 2 3 3 9 5 

***Medical care ...................................................................................................... 63 65 67 78 83 92 99 114 129 


Total, 700 ......................................................................................................... 91 90 95 106 127 134 141 164 189 



Fair housing activities ........................................................................................... 5 5 6 8 7 5 11 12 9 

Justice: 

Assets forfeiture fund ............................................................................................ ................ 17 47 77 156 177 267 200 193 

Salaries and expenses ......................................................................................... 6 7 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 

Weed and seed program fund ............................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 12 


Crime victims fund ................................................................................................ ................ 11 49 58 76 85 105 141 125 

Subtotal, Justice ............................................................................................... 69 124 248 377 469 508 772 849 876 



State Justice Institute: Salaries and expenses .................................................... ................ ................ * 3 8 10 13 11 11 


Treasury: 

Department of the Treasury forfeiture fund ......................................................... ................ 5 6 11 17 30 119 92 66 

Payments to the Government of Puerto Rico ..................................................... ................ ................ 8 8 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Subtotal, Treasury ............................................................................................ ................ 5 14 19 17 30 119 92 66 

Total, 750 ......................................................................................................... 95 155 288 427 520 574 940 987 987 




Continued 


1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 


Agriculture: 




Energy: 

Payments to States under Federal Power Act .................................................... 1 * 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 

Interior: 

Payments in lieu of taxes ..................................................................................... 103 100 105 103 104 103 100 101 103 






Subtotal, Interior ............................................................................................... 1,023 802 731 762 860 976 830 870 809 


Salaries and expenses ......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 3 8 



Treasury: 

General revenue sharing trust fund ............................................................ TF 4,584 5,114 76 –* * ................ ................ ................ ................ 



Subtotal, Treasury ............................................................................................ 5,024 5,420 398 326 437 378 383 364 299 

Total, 800 ......................................................................................................... 6,838 7,159 2,000 1,950 2,204 2,309 2,224 2,274 2,131 




235 


Continued 


1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 



Operation and maintenance, Defense-wide ......................................................... 63 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Military construction, Army National Guard ......................................................... 10 4 15 9 4 1 ................ ................ ................ 

Subtotal, Defense—Military .............................................................................. 73 4 15 9 4 1 ................ ................ ................ 


Emergency planning and assistance (Defense-related activities) ....................... 96 64 23 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Total, 050 ......................................................................................................... 169 68 38 9 4 1 ................ ................ ................ 

270 ENERGY 

Energy: 




Total, 270 ......................................................................................................... 466 492 481 435 436 483 498 505 512 


Agriculture: 



Solid waste management grants .......................................................................... 3 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 



Commerce: 


Coastal zone management fund .......................................................................... 9 –3 1 9 4 ................ ................ ................ ................ 



State and Tribal Assistance Grants ..................................................................... 1,962 2,455 2,573 2,499 2,521 2,654 2,820 2,984 2,861 

Abatement, control, and compliance(including loans) ......................................... 484 241 4 2 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Hazardous substance superfund ................................................................. TF 189 153 140 135 189 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Leaking underground storage tank trust fund ............................................. TF 65 63 62 53 56 59 59 61 61 

Subtotal, Environmental Protection Agency .................................................... 2,700 2,912 2,779 2,689 2,767 2,713 2,879 3,045 2,922 

Interior: 

Miscellaneous permanent payment accounts ...................................................... 37 163 78 184 73 73 73 73 73 

National forests fund, payment to States ............................................................ 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 

Leases of lands for flood control, navigation, etc ............................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Mines and minerals .............................................................................................. 203 191 193 199 203 188 184 186 192 

Bureau of reclamation loan program account ..................................................... 5 6 13 21 11 10 10 10 10 


Fish and Wildlife Service (Sport fish restoration) ....................................... TF 218 237 219 259 288 304 321 323 330 

Parks and recreation ............................................................................................ 7 4 4 5 3 1 1 1 1 



Everglades restoration fund .................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 32 71 85 81 39 

Everglades watershed protection ......................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 75 125 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Everglades restoration account ............................................................................ ................ ................ ................ 10 10 10 10 10 10 

Subtotal, Interior ............................................................................................... 733 873 782 1,059 1,053 953 966 968 948 

Total, 300 ......................................................................................................... 3,765 4,148 3,900 4,118 3,970 3,787 3,961 4,129 3,986 




Continued 


1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


Agriculture: 




State mediation grants .......................................................................................... 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 

Price support and related programs: CCC .......................................................... 149 115 9 2 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Outreach for socially disadvantaged farmers ...................................................... ................ 1 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 

Agricultural resource conservation demonstration guaranteed loans ................. 4 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Commodity assistance program ........................................................................... 119 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Total, 350 ......................................................................................................... 937 780 641 661 651 648 642 620 634 


Commerce: 

Miscellaneous appropriations ................................................................................ * ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

USTS: Tourism marketing programs .................................................................... 3 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Promote, develop Amer. fishery products and research ..................................... 4 2 4 11 5 4 3 3 3 

Industrial technology services .............................................................................. 1 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 


Total, 370 ......................................................................................................... 8 5 8 15 9 8 8 8 9 



237 


Continued 


1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 



WMATA ................................................................................................................. ................ ................ 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 


Research, development, test, and evaluation ...................................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Port safety development ....................................................................................... ................ ................ 15 5 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Boat safety ................................................................................................... TF 39 62 40 26 37 41 36 36 36 

Aviation user fees ................................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 181 600 809 910 

Grants for airports (Airport and airway trust fund) ..................................... TF 1,620 1,826 1,655 1,519 1,395 1,004 475 219 108 

Research, engineering and development (Airport and airway trust ........... TF ................ 33 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 



Motor carrier safety ...................................................................................... TF 59 66 73 79 84 100 100 100 100 



Direct loan financing program .............................................................................. ................ ................ ................ 21 21 18 ................ ................ ................ 

Rail service assistance ......................................................................................... 4 3 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Local rail freight assistance .................................................................................. 23 16 13 7 7 3 ................ ................ ................ 

Railroad rehabilitation activities ............................................................................ ................ ................ 9 4 6 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Railroad research and development .................................................................... ................ 2 ................ 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Conrail commuter transition assistance ............................................................... 1 1 2 2 12 4 ................ ................ ................ 

Northeast corridor high-speed rail infrastructure program ................................... ................ ................ 1 3 8 11 10 10 10 

Urban mass transportation grants ............................................................... TF 1,652 2,025 2,224 1,880 1,881 2,293 3,117 3,600 4,102 

Urban mass transportation grants ........................................................................ 1,615 2,328 2,067 2,504 1,918 1,521 814 504 153 

Pipeline safety ....................................................................................................... 5 10 11 14 13 12 13 13 13 

Emergency preparedness grants ......................................................................... 5 5 6 7 7 7 6 6 6 


Total, 400 ......................................................................................................... 23,633 25,787 25,957 25,877 25,292 24,932 24,759 24,613 24,602 




Continued 


1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


Agriculture: 

Rural community advancement program ............................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 574 530 544 550 582 

Distance learning and medical link program account ......................................... 1 6 10 24 19 21 21 21 21 

Rural water and waste disposal loans program account .................................... ................ ................ 175 104 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Emergency community water assistance grants ................................................. 11 15 8 7 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Rural water and waste disposal grants ............................................................... 268 295 351 391 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Rural Development Insurance Fund Program Account ....................................... 103 150 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Rural community facility loans program account ................................................. ................ ................ 33 20 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Rural housing assistance grants .......................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 


Rural cooperative development grants ................................................................ ................ ................ 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 

Local technical assistance and planning grants .................................................. ................ ................ ................ 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Rural business and industry loans program account .......................................... ................ ................ 5 6 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Rural business enterprise grants ......................................................................... 18 23 28 33 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Southeast alaska economic disaster fund ........................................................... ................ ................ 23 47 20 20 ................ ................ ................ 


Commerce: 



Community development block grants ................................................................. 3,651 4,333 4,545 4,837 4,641 4,845 4,633 4,438 4,216 

Urban development action grants ........................................................................ 33 20 27 60 45 25 6 ................ ................ 

Supp. assist. for facilities for the homeless ......................................................... 7 8 5 3 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Community development loan guarantees program account .............................. ................ ................ 1 23 35 31 30 30 30 

Brownfields redevelopment ................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 10 21 24 24 

Empowerment zones and enterprise communities .............................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 2 36 80 59 17 


Interior: 


Indian direct loan program account ..................................................................... 2 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Indian guaranteed loan program account ............................................................ 3 9 11 37 5 5 6 6 6 




FEMA: Disaster assistance .................................................................................. 16 79 111 128 129 128 128 128 128 

FEMA: Disaster relief ............................................................................................ 3,182 1,693 1,786 2,874 2,759 2,724 1,155 256 214 

Payment to the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation .................................. 14 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Subtotal, Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ....................................... 3,393 1,954 2,127 3,193 3,069 3,028 1,423 486 439 

Total, 450 ......................................................................................................... 7,789 7,230 7,850 9,344 8,899 9,041 7,214 6,019 5,709 



239 


Continued 


1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


Commerce: 

Public telecommunications facilities, planning and construction ......................... 11 15 23 23 19 9 5 ................ ................ 

Information infrastructure grants ........................................................................... ................ 9 24 31 28 32 34 38 39 


Education: 

School construction ............................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 ................ 

America Reads Challenge .................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 24 164 225 271 320 


Impact aid .............................................................................................................. 797 803 945 895 697 680 679 696 714 

Chicago litigation settlement ................................................................................. 10 6 1 4 4 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Education Reform ................................................................................................. 2 60 265 676 716 1,246 1,255 1,198 1,035 


School improvement programs ............................................................................. 1,358 1,288 1,140 1,414 1,318 1,309 1,246 1,254 1,286 


Special education .................................................................................................. 2,748 2,938 2,991 3,191 3,510 4,037 4,057 4,166 4,275 

Rehabilitation services and disability research .................................................... 2,031 2,113 2,194 2,467 2,411 2,434 2,469 2,526 2,588 


Vocational and adult education ............................................................................ 1,292 1,449 1,323 1,573 1,466 1,525 1,571 1,612 1,654 


Education research, statistics, and improvement ................................................ 33 22 16 33 147 81 59 58 59 

***Student financial assistance ............................................................................. 81 82 79 44 40 ................ ................ ................ ................ 



State legalization impact assistance grants ......................................................... 651 358 –2 2 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Payments to States for the job opportunities and basic skills training .............. 839 953 931 324 89 10 ................ ................ ................ 

Family preservation and support .......................................................................... 1 38 126 186 227 247 253 255 255 

Social services block grant ................................................................................... 2,728 2,797 2,484 2,694 2,621 2,610 2,607 2,453 2,380 

Children and families services programs ............................................................. 3,998 4,463 4,494 4,781 5,097 5,304 5,521 5,770 6,047 

Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................................... 3,030 3,244 3,691 3,789 4,071 4,391 4,766 5,162 5,583 

***Aging services programs .................................................................................. 859 951 818 851 914 1,249 1,278 1,278 1,278 


Interior: 


Labor: 

Training and employment services ...................................................................... 3,310 3,620 3,231 3,459 3,519 3,681 3,751 3,784 3,814 

Community service employment for older Americans ......................................... 85 77 101 88 78 10 ................ ................ ................ 

Welfare to work jobs ............................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 600 975 1,000 400 25 

State unemployment insurance and employment service operations ................ 246 34 96 117 165 190 176 137 117 

Federal unemployment benefits and allowances ................................................. 74 103 99 107 110 117 120 120 121 

Unemployment trust fund ............................................................................. TF 1,036 1,080 1,082 1,016 1,011 1,002 983 999 1,021 





Office of Museum Services: Grants and administration ...................................... 4 8 5 9 5 6 6 6 7 


Domestic volunteer service programs, Operating expenses ............................... 54 140 115 132 152 168 172 177 183 

National and community service programs, operating expenses ....................... 12 52 105 124 163 184 211 221 227 


Total, 500 ......................................................................................................... 32,744 34,125 34,034 35,926 38,600 41,839 42,809 43,128 42,562 




Continued 


1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 

550 HEALTH 

Agriculture: 




Program management .......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 775 775 775 775 775 

***Health Resources and Services ....................................................................... 1,465 1,435 2,762 2,007 2,083 2,118 2,122 2,118 2,096 

***Substance abuse and mental health services ................................................. 2,132 2,444 2,083 1,905 2,089 2,140 2,134 2,120 2,105 



Labor: 


Total, 550 ......................................................................................................... 86,265 93,587 97,650 103,407 111,698 117,603 124,147 131,177 139,300 



241 


Continued 


1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


Agriculture: 

Supervisory and technical assistance grants ....................................................... * ................ 1 1 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 


***Rural housing for domestic farm labor grants ................................................. 11 11 18 18 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

***Rural housing preservation grants ................................................................... 7 7 8 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

***Food stamp program ........................................................................................ 2,688 2,740 3,030 3,662 4,246 4,167 4,204 4,099 4,620 

***Commodity assistance program ....................................................................... 335 403 301 342 278 265 255 245 244 

***Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ......................................... 3,155 3,401 3,676 3,765 3,986 4,128 4,238 4,348 4,462 

***Child nutrition programs ................................................................................... 6,938 7,387 7,757 8,140 8,372 8,735 9,179 9,638 10,135 

Subtotal, Agriculture ......................................................................................... 13,585 14,429 15,226 16,378 17,299 17,713 18,294 18,748 19,879 


Children’s research and technical assistance ...................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 1 1 1 1 1 

Payments to States from receipts for child support ............................................ * ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 


***Low income home energy assistance ............................................................. 2,125 1,419 1,067 1,097 996 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 

***Refugee and entrant assistance ...................................................................... 333 346 319 381 358 352 351 351 351 

***Payments to States for the child care and development block grants .......... 786 933 933 959 998 998 1,000 1,000 1,000 

***Contingency fund .............................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ 23 96 97 112 128 144 

***Child care entitlement to States ....................................................................... ................ ................ ................ 1,592 1,922 2,088 2,227 2,212 2,442 

***Temporary assistance for needy families ........................................................ ................ ................ ................ 12,365 16,586 17,403 17,154 17,103 16,852 



Housing certificate fund ........................................................................................ ................ ................ ................ 811 3,443 6,203 7,768 8,409 8,879 

Preserving existing housing investment ............................................................... ................ ................ ................ 1,532 1,962 654 600 500 268 

Homeless assistance grants ................................................................................. ................ 12 186 285 474 771 882 1,013 912 

Home investment partnership program ................................................................ 782 1,179 1,206 1,445 1,440 1,440 1,346 1,223 1,105 

Youthbuild program ............................................................................................... * 20 41 25 15 7 11 16 20 

Innovative homeless initiatives demonstration program ...................................... 4 17 20 19 17 16 6 ................ ................ 

Housing opportunities for persons with AIDS ...................................................... ................ ................ ................ 133 165 176 185 199 203 

Section 8 moderate rehabilitation, single room occupancy ................................ 8 17 21 55 51 51 51 51 51 

***Subsidized housing programs .......................................................................... 12,011 13,903 11,939 11,603 8,637 5,327 3,168 2,126 1,632 

***HOPE grants ..................................................................................................... 65 75 63 80 51 32 18 10 ................ 

***Drug elimination grants for low-income housing ............................................. 160 178 259 210 347 311 296 292 295 

***Revitalization of severely distressed public housing projects (HOPE VII) ..... 1 31 110 283 409 579 635 514 452 

***Public housing capital fund .............................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 13 323 961 1,549 2,046 

***Emergency shelter grants program .................................................................. 63 84 30 6 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

***Transitional housing program ........................................................................... 102 115 148 157 144 115 72 ................ ................ 

***Shelter plus care .............................................................................................. 5 17 43 50 50 49 49 49 49 

***Congregate services ......................................................................................... 6 6 8 7 7 7 1 ................ ................ 


Labor: 

Unemployment trust fund (administrative expenses) .................................. TF 2,273 2,316 2,298 2,345 2,554 2,516 2,238 2,241 2,243 


***Emergency food and shelter program ............................................................. 130 130 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 

Total, 600 ......................................................................................................... 51,532 55,122 53,375 59,888 62,580 63,890 64,174 64,535 65,814 



Grants for the construction of State veterans cemeteries .................................. 2 3 2 3 2 5 8 10 11 

***Medical care ...................................................................................................... 153 186 207 232 245 248 249 249 249 


Total, 700 ......................................................................................................... 199 253 266 279 294 298 301 298 297 




Continued 


1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 



Violent crime reduction programs ........................................................................ ................ ................ 10 15 21 60 74 78 78 


Fair housing activities ........................................................................................... 11 27 32 24 27 35 35 34 30 

Justice: 

Assets forfeiture fund ............................................................................................ 214 224 155 163 172 194 188 188 188 

Salaries and expenses ......................................................................................... 3 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 


State and local law enforcement assistance ....................................................... ................ 19 137 240 431 156 118 ................ ................ 

Juvenile justice program ....................................................................................... ................ 7 52 92 212 183 214 222 229 

Crime victims fund ................................................................................................ 124 137 143 341 276 290 176 181 187 

Violent crime reduction programs ........................................................................ ................ 74 391 852 1,715 2,216 1,042 108 405 

Community oriented policing services .................................................................. ................ 45 313 784 1,693 1,834 719 77 ................ 

Violent crime reduction trust fund ........................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 809 3,522 4,648 3,824 

Subtotal, Justice ............................................................................................... 887 1,077 1,413 2,511 4,636 5,804 6,103 5,554 4,967 



State Justice Institute: Salaries and expenses .................................................... 9 12 8 4 4 4 3 2 1 

Ounce of prevention council ................................................................................. ................ ................ ................ 1 4 7 9 9 9 


Treasury: 

Department of the Treasury forfeiture fund ......................................................... 58 77 54 53 54 54 50 50 50 

Violent crime reduction programs ........................................................................ ................ 3 7 8 8 10 10 10 10 


Total, 750 ......................................................................................................... 992 1,222 1,547 2,644 4,781 6,001 6,311 5,764 5,172 



243 


Continued 


1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


Agriculture: 

Payments to states northern spotted owl guarantee, Forest Servic .................. ................ ................ ................ 130 125 125 125 125 125 





Energy: 

Payments to States under Federal Power Act .................................................... 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 

Interior: 

Payments in lieu of taxes ..................................................................................... 100 101 113 114 102 102 102 102 102 




Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands .................................................................... 23 23 7 9 9 9 4 ................ ................ 




Salaries and expenses ......................................................................................... 89 28 6 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Federal payment to the District of Columbia ....................................................... 698 714 712 719 150 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Subtotal, Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ....................................... 787 742 718 719 150 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Treasury: 

Payment to DC financial responsibility and management assistance ................ ................ ................ ................ 12 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Assistance to Puerto Rico .................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 67 167 286 424 




Total, 800 ......................................................................................................... 2,098 2,172 2,064 2,191 1,631 1,490 1,613 1,756 1,924 



All data in this table are Federal funds, unless noted as being Trust funds (TF). 

*** All grants that are also payments for individuals are identified by a triple asterisk (***) preceding the title.


Table 13.1—CASH INCOME, OUTGO, AND BALANCES OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY AND MEDICAL TRUST FUNDS: 1936–2002 


1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 

Old age and survivors insurance fund: 

Cash income: 

Social insurance taxes and contributions ..................................................... .............. 265 387 503 550 688 896 1,130 1,292 1,310 

Intragovernmental receipts: 

Employer share, employee retirement (952) ........................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Interest (903) ............................................................................................. .............. 2 15 27 42 56 71 87 103 124 

Other ......................................................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Total intragovernmental receipts .......................................................... .............. 2 15 27 42 56 71 87 103 124 

Other cash income ........................................................................................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Total cash income ................................................................................ .............. 267 402 530 592 744 967 1,218 1,395 1,434 

Cash outgo: 

Benefit payments ........................................................................................... .............. * 5 14 16 64 110 149 185 240 

Payments to the railroad retirement account ............................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Interest payments .......................................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Administrative expenses ............................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. 12 27 27 27 33 27 

Other outgo (mainly for vocational rehabilitation) ........................................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Total cash outgo ................................................................................... .............. * 5 14 28 91 137 177 217 267 

Surplus or deficit (–) ......................................................................................... .............. 267 397 516 564 653 830 1,041 1,178 1,167 

Borrowing or repayment (–) of borrowing from other trust funds ................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Fund balance, end of year ................................................................................ .............. 267 664 1,180 1,745 2,398 3,227 4,268 5,446 6,613 

Invested balance ................................................................................................ .............. 267 662 1,177 1,738 2,381 3,202 4,237 5,409 6,546 

Uninvested balance ........................................................................................... .............. * 2 3 7 17 26 31 38 67 


Table 13.1—CASH INCOME, OUTGO, AND BALANCES OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY AND MEDICAL TRUST FUNDS: 1936–2002—Continued 


1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 


Cash income: 

Social insurance taxes and contributions ..................................................... 1,238 1,459 1,616 1,690 2,106 3,120 3,594 4,097 4,589 5,081 


Employer share, employee retirement (952) ........................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 1 6 

Interest (903) ............................................................................................. 148 163 191 230 257 287 334 387 439 438 

Other ......................................................................................................... .............. * 1 3 4 4 4 .............. 12 10 

Total intragovernmental receipts .......................................................... 148 164 191 233 260 291 337 387 452 454 

Other cash income ........................................................................................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. * * * * 

Total cash income ................................................................................ 1,386 1,623 1,807 1,924 2,367 3,411 3,932 4,483 5,040 5,535 

Cash outgo: 

Benefit payments ........................................................................................... 321 426 512 607 727 1,498 1,982 2,627 3,276 4,333 

Payments to the railroad retirement account ............................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Interest payments .......................................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Administrative expenses ............................................................................... 37 41 47 53 57 70 85 89 89 103 

Other outgo (mainly for vocational rehabilitation) ........................................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. –* .............. 

Total cash outgo ................................................................................... 358 466 559 661 784 1,569 2,067 2,717 3,364 4,436 

Surplus or deficit (–) ......................................................................................... 1,028 1,157 1,248 1,263 1,583 1,843 1,864 1,766 1,677 1,098 

Borrowing or repayment (–) of borrowing from other trust funds ................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 

Fund balance, end of year ................................................................................ 7,641 8,798 10,047 11,310 12,893 14,736 16,600 18,366 20,040 21,141 

Invested balance ................................................................................................ 7,549 8,742 9,937 11,231 12,645 14,323 16,273 17,818 19,337 20,580 

Uninvested balance ........................................................................................... 93 56 110 79 248 413 327 549 703 560 



245 



1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 


Cash income: 

Social insurance taxes and contributions ................................. 6,425 6,457 7,138 7,418 9,671 11,104 11,267 13,117 15,242 15,567 


Employer share, employee retirement (952) ....................... 18 83 130 147 171 189 203 224 260 263 

Interest (903) ......................................................................... 487 555 555 543 516 530 539 512 539 583 

Other ..................................................................................... 7 5 2 * 1 1 2 2 3 3 

Total intragovernmental receipts ...................................... 513 644 687 690 688 720 744 738 801 849 

Other cash income .................................................................... * * * * * * * * * * 

Total cash income ............................................................ 6,938 7,101 7,825 8,109 10,360 11,824 12,011 13,856 16,043 16,417 

Cash outgo: 

Benefit payments ...................................................................... 5,361 6,515 7,875 9,049 10,270 11,185 12,658 13,845 14,579 15,226 

Payments to the railroad retirement account ........................... ................ ................ ................ 124 600 332 361 423 403 436 

Interest payments ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Administrative expenses ........................................................... 124 150 166 206 203 236 252 263 303 300 

Other outgo (mainly for vocational rehabilitation) .................... ................ ................ –* –3 –3 –22 9 1 –1 3 

Total cash outgo .............................................................. 5,485 6,665 8,041 9,377 11,069 11,730 13,279 14,531 15,284 15,965 

Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... 1,452 436 –216 –1,268 –710 94 –1,268 –675 760 452 

Borrowing or repayment (–) of borrowing from other trust funds ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Fund balance, end of year ........................................................... 22,593 23,029 22,813 21,545 20,835 20,929 19,662 18,987 19,746 20,198 

Invested balance ........................................................................... 22,041 22,263 21,765 20,478 19,756 19,553 18,456 17,633 18,325 18,783 

Uninvested balance ....................................................................... 552 766 1,048 1,066 1,079 1,376 1,206 1,354 1,421 1,415 

Disability insurance trust fund: 

Cash income: 

Social insurance taxes and contributions ................................. ................ 332 911 878 970 1,005 1,004 1,058 1,124 1,156 


Employer share, employee retirement (952) ....................... ................ 5 15 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 

Interest (903) ......................................................................... ................ 1 16 33 47 61 70 70 68 65 

Other ..................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Total interfund receipts. ................................................... ................ 6 31 51 64 78 88 88 87 85 

Other intragovernmental receipts ............................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ 27 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Total intragovernmental receipts ...................................... ................ 6 31 51 91 78 88 88 87 85 

Inter-trust interest (from OASI) ................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Other cash income .................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * 

Total cash income ............................................................ ................ 339 942 928 1,061 1,083 1,092 1,145 1,211 1,241 

Cash outgo: 

Benefit payments ...................................................................... ................ ................ 168 339 528 704 1,011 1,171 1,251 1,392 

Payments to the railroad retirement account ........................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 5 11 20 19 24 

Administrative expenses ........................................................... ................ 1 12 21 32 36 66 69 70 82 


Other outgo (mainly vocational rehabilitation) .......................... ................ ................ –* –* * –1 * * –2 * 

Total cash outgo .............................................................. ................ 1 180 360 560 745 1,089 1,259 1,339 1,498 

Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... ................ 337 762 568 501 338 3 –114 –128 –258 

Lending (–) or repayment of loans to OASI fund ........................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Fund balance, end of year ........................................................... ................ 337 1,099 1,667 2,168 2,505 2,509 2,394 2,266 2,009 

Invested balance ........................................................................... ................ 325 1,055 1,607 2,101 2,386 2,407 2,278 2,141 1,878 

Uninvested balance ....................................................................... ................ 12 45 60 66 119 102 116 125 131 





1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 


Cash income: 




Interest (903) ......................................................................... 588 725 896 1,009 1,346 1,617 1,718 1,846 2,039 2,292 

Other ..................................................................................... 7 79 78 382 442 449 488 475 442 447 

Total intragovernmental receipts ...................................... 905 1,174 1,371 1,859 2,347 2,627 2,785 2,936 3,157 3,549 

Other cash income .................................................................... * * 4 4 3 1 * * * * 


Cash outgo: 


Payments to the railroad retirement account ........................... 444 508 438 491 579 613 724 783 909 982 



Other outgo (mainly for vocational rehabilitation) .................... 1 1 * 2 1 2 1 3 2 8 


Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... –309 3,642 2,017 2,657 4,426 1,714 2,068 16 1,452 2,080 

Borrowing or repayment (–) of borrowing from other trust funds ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 



Uninvested balance ....................................................................... 1,964 1,751 2,298 1,971 2,510 2,970 3,211 928 164 69 


Cash income: 




Interest (903) ......................................................................... 54 67 83 140 221 324 388 434 482 512 

Other ..................................................................................... ................ 16 16 32 16 16 50 51 52 52 

Total interfund receipts. ................................................... 81 128 147 235 315 419 516 565 621 670 

Other intragovernmental receipts ............................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Total intragovernmental receipts ...................................... 81 128 147 235 315 419 516 565 621 670 

Inter-trust interest (from OASI) ................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Other cash income .................................................................... * * 2 1 1 1 * * * ................ 


Cash outgo: 





Other outgo (mainly vocational rehabilitation) .......................... 2 7 15 15 16 21 28 39 49 71 


Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... –321 335 564 1,092 1,426 1,305 982 479 384 –62 




Uninvested balance ....................................................................... 224 189 236 187 270 332 380 68 60 35 



247 



1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 

Hospital insurance trust fund: 

Cash income: 

Social insurance taxes and contributions ................................. 893 2,645 3,493 4,398 4,755 4,874 5,205 7,603 10,551 11,252 



Interest (902) ......................................................................... 6 46 61 96 139 183 190 198 408 614 

Interest from OASI ................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Other ..................................................................................... ................ 338 284 771 628 874 551 429 499 529 

Total intragovernmental receipts ...................................... 22 444 410 946 859 1,144 826 748 1,054 1,309 

Other (mainly proprietary) receipts: 

Premium income ................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 4 6 

Other (mainly proprietary interest) ....................................... ................ * * * * * * * * 1 

Total cash income ............................................................ 915 3,089 3,902 5,344 5,614 6,018 6,031 8,352 11,610 12,568 

Cash outgo: 

Benefit payments ...................................................................... ................ 2,508 3,736 4,654 4,804 5,442 6,108 6,648 7,806 10,353 


Interest on normalized transfers ............................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Other .......................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ * 1 1 1 1 2 

Total cash outgo .............................................................. 64 2,597 3,815 4,758 4,953 5,592 6,276 6,842 8,065 10,612 

Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... 851 492 87 586 661 426 –244 1,510 3,545 1,956 


Fund balance, end of year ........................................................... 851 1,343 1,431 2,017 2,677 3,103 2,859 4,369 7,914 9,870 

Invested balance ........................................................................... 786 1,298 1,370 2,001 2,653 3,030 2,884 4,222 7,864 9,761 

Uninvested balance ....................................................................... 65 45 60 15 24 73 –25 146 49 109 

Supplementary medical insurance trust fund: 

Cash income: 

Offsetting collections: 


Interest (902) .................................................................... ................ 14 21 23 12 17 29 45 76 106 

Federal contributions ........................................................ ................ 623 634 984 928 1,245 1,365 1,430 2,029 2,330 

Total intragovernmental receipts ................................. ................ 637 655 1,008 940 1,263 1,394 1,476 2,105 2,435 

Premium income: 

From aged participants .................................................... ................ 647 698 903 936 1,253 1,340 1,427 1,579 1,750 

From disabled participants ............................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 125 151 

Total premium income ................................................. ................ 647 698 903 936 1,253 1,340 1,427 1,704 1,901 

Other ..................................................................................... ................ * * * * * * * * ................ 

Total cash income ............................................................ ................ 1,284 1,353 1,911 1,876 2,516 2,734 2,902 3,809 4,336 

Cash outgo: 

Benefit payments ...................................................................... ................ 664 1,390 1,645 1,979 2,035 2,255 2,391 2,874 3,765 

Administrative expenses ........................................................... ................ 134 143 195 217 248 289 246 409 404 

Other (mainly health insurance experiments) .......................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ * * * * * 

Total cash outgo .............................................................. ................ 798 1,532 1,840 2,196 2,283 2,544 2,637 3,283 4,170 

Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... ................ 486 –179 71 –321 233 191 265 526 166 

Fund balance at end of year ........................................................ ................ 486 307 378 57 290 481 746 1,272 1,438 

Invested balance ........................................................................... ................ 479 281 358 13 257 478 700 1,231 1,378 

Uninvested balance ....................................................................... ................ 7 25 20 44 33 3 46 41 60 





1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 


Cash income: 



Employer share, employee retirement (952) ....................... 852 220 863 906 948 1,027 1,259 1,406 1,534 1,852 

Interest (903) ......................................................................... 2,344 80 2,279 2,151 1,920 1,886 2,015 1,707 1,396 2,752 

Other ..................................................................................... 425 ................ 614 613 615 557 540 675 18,683 8,400 

Total intragovernmental receipts ...................................... 3,621 300 3,756 3,670 3,483 3,470 3,814 3,788 21,613 13,004 

Other cash income .................................................................... 3 * 8 * * * * * * * 


Cash outgo: 


Payments to the railroad retirement account ........................... 1,212 ................ 1,208 1,589 1,448 1,442 1,585 1,793 2,251 2,404 

Interest payments ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,544 2,565 

Administrative expenses ........................................................... 935 234 993 1,086 1,077 1,160 1,302 1,475 1,552 1,585 

Other outgo (mainly for vocational rehabilitation) 1 ................. 9 1 7 6 12 10 4 6 330 6 


Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... –1,969 –924 –1,683 –4,394 –3,236 –3,176 –733 –11,300 –3,403 909 

Borrowing or repayment (–) of borrowing from other trust funds ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 17,519 ................ 



Uninvested balance ....................................................................... 25 13 –25 23 426 1,000 590 614 1,158 346 


Cash income: 




Interest (903) ......................................................................... 468 13 372 251 305 454 273 363 449 558 

Other ..................................................................................... 90 ................ 103 128 142 118 130 168 2,447 753 

Total interfund receipts. ................................................... 669 42 589 533 612 749 574 772 3,140 1,503 

Other intragovernmental receipts ............................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 11 ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Total intragovernmental receipts ...................................... 669 42 589 533 612 760 574 772 3,140 1,503 

Inter-trust interest (from OASI) ................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 419 546 

Other cash income .................................................................... * ................ * * * * * * * * 


Cash outgo: 


Payments to the railroad retirement account ........................... 26 ................ –* 30 30 ................ 29 26 28 22 


Interest payments ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 13 77 

Other outgo (mainly vocational rehabilitation) .......................... 92 27 77 84 84 99 –4 37 4 40 


Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... –1,251 –481 –2,216 128 1,252 2,057 –4,288 3,363 3,615 –647 

Lending (–) or repayment of loans to OASI fund ........................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ –5,081 ................ 



Uninvested balance ....................................................................... 10 7 3 21 43 7 2 4 2 –12 



249 



1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 


Cash income: 



Employer share, employee retirement (951) 2 .................... 175 45 175 206 228 249 332 397 1,054 1,306 

Interest (902) ......................................................................... 716 12 771 797 883 1,061 1,325 1,873 1,656 1,686 

Interest from OASI ................................................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,028 1,337 

Other ..................................................................................... 658 ................ 944 860 907 871 834 1,015 4,541 1,106 

Total intragovernmental receipts ...................................... 1,549 57 1,890 1,863 2,018 2,182 2,490 3,285 8,279 5,435 


Premium income ................................................................... 8 2 11 12 17 17 21 25 26 35 

Other (after 1984, mainly for kidney dialysis) ..................... * ................ * * 1 * * * 3 * 


Cash outgo: 



Interest on normalized transfers ............................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 27 187 

Other .......................................................................................... 4 1 7 4 1 8 7 10 –97 15 


Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... 966 112 167 681 1,567 1,127 3,603 2,747 5,398 3,437 

Lending (–) or repayment of loans to OASI fund ........................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ –12,437 ................ 



Uninvested balance ....................................................................... –106 –62 141 39 199 –166 –99 40 286 255 


Cash income: 



Interest (902) .................................................................... 104 4 137 229 363 416 384 473 680 807 

Federal contributions ........................................................ 2,939 878 5,053 6,386 6,841 6,932 8,747 13,323 14,238 16,811 

Total intragovernmental receipts ................................. 3,043 882 5,190 6,614 7,204 7,347 9,132 13,796 14,918 17,618 


From aged participants .................................................... 1,769 492 1,987 2,186 2,373 2,637 2,987 3,460 3,834 4,463 

From disabled participants ............................................... 168 46 206 245 263 291 332 371 393 444 

Total premium income ................................................. 1,937 539 2,193 2,431 2,636 2,928 3,319 3,831 4,227 4,907 

Other ..................................................................................... * ................ * * * * * * 1 * 


Cash outgo: 



Other .......................................................................................... 1 * 2 4 1 8 7 7 6 ................ 


Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... –220 20 1,041 1,696 1,035 –471 –789 2,068 830 2,151 

Fund balance at end of year ........................................................ 1,219 1,239 2,279 3,975 5,010 4,539 3,750 5,818 6,648 8,799 


Uninvested balance ....................................................................... –12 –5 47 –45 36 –19 –72 –56 –310 –318 





1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 


Cash income: 



Employer share, employee retirement (952) ....................... 2,288 2,608 3,011 4,000 4,432 5,038 5,242 5,508 5,796 5,787 

Interest (903) ......................................................................... 3,537 3,698 4,495 6,758 10,649 15,125 19,164 22,557 25,822 28,505 

Other ..................................................................................... 6,639 7,544 5,447 5,501 5,819 4,405 5,838 5,949 5,967 5,378 

Total intragovernmental receipts ...................................... 12,465 13,850 12,953 16,259 20,900 24,568 30,244 34,015 37,585 39,670 

Other cash income .................................................................... * * 30 * * * * * 4 * 


Cash outgo: 


Payments to the railroad retirement account ........................... 2,310 2,585 2,557 2,790 2,845 2,969 3,375 3,148 3,353 3,420 

Interest payments ...................................................................... 2,293 1,013 625 836 989 982 418 ................ –* ................ 

Administrative expenses ........................................................... 1,588 1,610 1,542 1,730 1,658 1,566 1,747 1,824 2,026 1,876 

Military service credit adjustment ............................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2,114 ................ ................ ................ 

Other outgo (mainly for vocational rehabilitation) .................... * ................ ................ –* ................ * * ................ * ................ 


Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... 10,673 16,797 20,745 38,700 51,354 55,125 51,972 50,862 49,364 60,691 

Borrowing or repayment (–) of borrowing from other trust funds –4,364 –13,155 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 



Uninvested balance ....................................................................... 2,908 573 –89 –171 –245 –271 –140 –244 134 2,911 


Cash income: 




Interest (903) ......................................................................... 580 631 795 657 745 866 1,058 1,080 966 698 

Other ..................................................................................... 548 1,427 167 266 335 302 133 217 279 310 


Inter-trust interest (from OASI) ................................................. 365 159 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Other cash income .................................................................... * * 3 * ................ * * * 2 * 


Cash outgo: 

Benefit payments 3 ................................................................... 18,654 19,526 20,421 21,395 22,516 24,306 26,871 30,360 33,588 36,823 


Administrative expenses ........................................................... 603 600 738 803 747 707 785 843 932 1,018 

Interest payments ...................................................................... 69 45 60 80 95 100 45 ................ ................ ................ 

Military service credit adjustment ............................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 775 ................ ................ ................ 

Other outgo (mainly vocational rehabilitation) .......................... 3 4 15 21 40 38 34 34 38 37 


Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... –1,310 –66 –1,175 100 1,090 3,091 1,543 –116 –2,576 –3,935 

Lending (–) or repayment of loans to OASI fund ........................ 2,540 2,541 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 



Uninvested balance ....................................................................... 170 14 –19 –72 –65 –50 –107 –36 69 271 



251 



1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 


Cash income: 



Employer share, employee retirement (951) ....................... 1,449 1,604 1,700 1,884 2,007 2,153 2,205 2,324 2,375 2,440 

Interest (902) 2 ..................................................................... 2,016 2,809 3,994 5,169 6,603 7,943 8,992 10,054 10,581 10,593 

Interest from OASI ................................................................ 1,207 383 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Federal Payment (OASI taxes) ............................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,639 

Other ..................................................................................... 1,348 254 999 1,045 1,070 798 631 706 495 608 



Premium income ................................................................... 38 40 40 42 42 113 367 484 622 852 

Other (after 1984, mainly for kidney dialysis) ..................... * * 9 * ................ * * * 1 1 


Cash outgo: 


Administrative expenses ........................................................... 813 667 827 707 805 774 937 1,187 866 1,235 

Interest on normalized transfers ............................................... 13 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Military service credit adjustment ............................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,100 ................ ................ ................ 

Other 4 ....................................................................................... 131 151 172 160 116 190 218 200 203 185 


Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... 2,261 6,739 11,932 15,270 16,880 12,876 14,296 10,706 3,693 3,425 

Lending (–) or repayment of loans to OASI fund ........................ 1,824 10,613 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Transfer of CHI balances .............................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,805 ................ 



Uninvested balance ....................................................................... 146 334 –173 –202 66 –617 600 –13 52 840 


Cash income: 

Individual income taxes 5 ......................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ 527 –527 ................ ................ ................ ................ 



Interest (902) 5 ................................................................. 1,154 1,228 1,019 828 1,025 1,427 1,627 1,716 1,888 2,116 

Federal contributions ........................................................ 17,898 18,076 20,299 25,418 30,712 33,210 34,730 38,684 44,227 38,355 

Total intragovernmental receipts ................................. 19,052 19,304 21,318 26,246 31,737 34,637 36,358 40,400 46,114 40,471 


From aged participants .................................................... 5,042 5,200 5,897 7,963 10,603 10,499 10,741 11,564 13,255 15,212 

From disabled participants ............................................... 482 500 582 793 945 995 1,066 1,184 1,428 1,683 

Total premium income ................................................. 5,524 5,699 6,480 8,756 11,548 11,494 11,807 12,748 14,683 16,895 

Other 6 .................................................................................. –* * * * ................ 3 1 1 1 2 


Cash outgo: 


Administrative expenses 5 ........................................................ 923 1,051 900 1,265 1,450 1,524 1,507 1,658 1,845 1,718 

Other 4 ....................................................................................... ................ ................ 5 4 13 47 58 32 11 10 


Surplus or deficit (–) ..................................................................... 1,846 –1,214 –3,039 55 5,495 2,585 1,145 2,863 6,545 –2,357 

Transfer of CHI balances .............................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ –1,805 ................ 

Fund balance at end of year ........................................................ 10,645 9,431 6,392 6,447 11,942 14,527 15,672 18,535 23,276 20,919 


Uninvested balance ....................................................................... –91 7 226 121 15 241 –569 2 8 –570 





1995 

1996 

estimate 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


Cash income: 

Social insurance taxes and contributions ...................................................................... 284,091 311,869 334,139 349,435 366,905 382,988 399,730 418,751 


Employer share, employee retirement (952) ............................................................ 5,434 5,326 5,601 6,064 6,586 7,157 7,644 8,361 

Interest (903) .............................................................................................................. 31,417 34,026 37,723 41,087 44,622 48,135 51,693 55,478 

Other .......................................................................................................................... 5,143 5,772 6,543 7,187 7,632 8,142 8,695 9,288 

Total intragovernmental receipts ........................................................................... 41,994 45,124 49,867 54,338 58,840 63,434 68,032 73,127 

Total cash income ................................................................................................. 326,085 356,993 384,006 403,773 425,745 446,422 467,762 491,878 

Cash outgo: 

Benefit payments ............................................................................................................ 288,617 299,985 313,421 326,537 340,489 355,606 371,504 388,457 

Payments to the railroad retirement account ................................................................ 4,052 3,554 3,755 3,789 3,847 3,873 3,801 3,902 

Administrative expenses ................................................................................................ 1,805 1,793 2,324 2,358 2,356 2,091 2,031 2,034 

Military service credit adjustment .................................................................................. ................ 129 ................ ................ ................ ................ 549 ................ 

Total cash outgo ................................................................................................... 294,474 305,461 319,500 332,684 346,692 361,570 377,885 394,393 

Surplus or deficit (–) .......................................................................................................... 31,611 51,532 64,506 71,089 79,053 84,852 89,877 97,485 

Fund balance, end of year ................................................................................................. 447,946 499,478 563,984 635,073 714,126 798,978 888,855 986,340 

Invested balance ................................................................................................................. 447,946 499,402 563,983 635,072 714,125 798,977 888,854 986,339 

Uninvested balance ............................................................................................................ ................ 76 1 1 1 1 1 1 


Cash income: 



Employer share, employee retirement (952) ............................................................ 998 952 904 964 1,047 1,199 1,298 1,420 

Interest (903) .............................................................................................................. 1,888 2,481 3,515 4,112 4,606 5,046 5,579 6,076 

Other .......................................................................................................................... 341 378 403 448 489 537 590 646 



Cash outgo: 

Benefit payments 3 ......................................................................................................... 40,201 43,231 46,686 50,232 53,956 58,146 62,582 67,219 

Payments to the railroad retirement account ................................................................ 68 2 62 98 117 130 102 140 


Military service credit adjustment .................................................................................. ................ 203 ................ ................ ................ ................ 4 ................ 

Other outgo (mainly vocational rehabilitation) ............................................................... 47 48 67 57 ................ ................ ................ ................ 


Surplus or deficit (–) .......................................................................................................... 28,835 14,876 11,371 9,370 9,127 11,197 11,461 10,690 



Uninvested balance ............................................................................................................ ................ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 



253 



1995 

1996 

estimate 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

1999 

estimate 

2000 

estimate 

2001 

estimate 

2002 

estimate 


Cash income: 



Employer share, employee retirement (951) ............................................................ 2,449 2,382 2,470 2,625 2,777 2,942 3,072 3,259 

Interest (902) 2 ........................................................................................................... 10,871 10,389 9,949 9,192 9,067 8,913 8,819 8,651 

Federal Payment (OASI taxes) ................................................................................. 3,913 4,069 4,163 4,351 4,588 4,945 5,308 5,701 

Other .......................................................................................................................... 591 554 903 473 626 629 663 695 



Premium income ........................................................................................................ 998 1,107 1,265 1,205 1,270 1,324 1,416 1,507 

Other (after 1984, mainly for kidney dialysis) .......................................................... 1 1 50 50 53 58 67 77 


Cash outgo: 



Military service credit adjustment .................................................................................. ................ 2,366 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 

Other 4 ............................................................................................................................ 181 181 847 938 764 864 950 1,010 


Surplus or deficit (–) .......................................................................................................... –36 –4,184 –10,082 2,111 2,378 4,815 2,453 1,282 

Adjustment to balances ...................................................................................................... ................ * ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 



Uninvested balance ............................................................................................................ –344 –467 1 1 1 1 1 1 


Cash income: 



Interest (902) 5 ...................................................................................................... 1,935 1,388 1,440 1,424 1,473 1,496 1,504 1,495 

Federal contributions ............................................................................................. 36,988 61,702 59,354 78,084 84,092 89,554 97,332 106,509 

Total intragovernmental receipts ...................................................................... 38,923 63,090 60,794 79,508 85,565 91,050 98,836 108,004 


From aged participants ......................................................................................... 17,126 16,858 16,779 18,030 19,530 21,033 22,755 24,868 

From disabled participants .................................................................................... 2,117 2,073 2,249 2,537 2,878 3,232 3,629 4,093 

Total premium income ...................................................................................... 19,243 18,931 19,028 20,567 22,408 24,265 26,384 28,961 

Other 6 ....................................................................................................................... 3 4 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 


Cash outgo: 


Administrative expenses 5 ............................................................................................. 1,722 1,770 1,550 1,544 1,533 1,517 1,518 1,521 

Other 4 ............................................................................................................................ 9 9 13 14 ................ ................ ................ ................ 


Surplus or deficit (–) .......................................................................................................... –7,044 13,079 3,335 1,171 721 692 712 776 

Fund balance at end of year ............................................................................................. 13,874 26,953 30,288 31,459 32,180 32,872 33,584 34,360 


Uninvested balance ............................................................................................................ 361 –222 1 1 1 1 1 1 


1 In 1983, includes $329.3 million loss on sale of securities. 

2 Starting in 1983, includes amounts from Postal Service. 

3 For years after 1998, includes outlays for vocational rehabilitation. 

4 For years after 1998, outlays for peer review organizations are included in the benefit payments line. 

5 For 1989 and 1990, includes transactions and balances of the HI and SMI Catastrophic Insurance trust funds, which began in 1989 and were abolished in 1990. 

6 For years after 1986, receipts for kidney dialysis. 

Note: Offsetting collections from Federal sources that are credited to the Old Age and Survivors insurance account are treated as offsets to cash outgo rather than as cash 

income. For years after 1999, reimbursements to Treasury for administrative services to each of the four Social Security trust funds are included in the benefit payments line, rather 

than in the administrative expenses line.


Table 14.1—FEDERAL TRANSACTIONS IN THE NATIONAL INCOME AND PRODUCT ACCOUNTS FOR FEDERAL FISCAL YEARS: 1960–1998 


1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 

Receipts 

Personal tax and nontax receipts ................................................................................................... 42.4 43.5 47.2 49.5 50.5 51.2 57.3 64.2 

Corporate profits tax accruals ........................................................................................................ 22.2 20.2 22.6 23.2 25.7 27.1 30.8 30.4 

Indirect business tax and nontax accruals ..................................................................................... 13.3 13.4 14.3 15.1 15.7 17.0 15.6 15.9 

Contributions for social insurance .................................................................................................. 17.5 19.0 20.9 23.2 25.0 26.0 30.2 37.7 

Total receipts ............................................................................................................................. 95.5 96.1 104.9 111.0 116.8 121.4 134.0 148.2 

Expenditures 

Consumption expenditures .............................................................................................................. 51.4 52.2 55.6 60.7 63.3 64.1 71.7 83.9 

Defense ....................................................................................................................................... (42.0) (43.2) (46.0) (48.7) (50.0) (49.8) (56.1) (67.0) 

Nondefense ................................................................................................................................. (9.4) (9.0) (9.6) (12.0) (13.3) (14.3) (15.6) (16.9) 

Transfer payments .......................................................................................................................... 22.4 25.7 27.2 28.5 29.6 30.5 34.0 39.3 

Domestic (‘‘to persons’’) ............................................................................................................. (20.6) (23.6) (25.1) (26.5) (27.4) (28.4) (31.8) (37.2) 

Foreign ........................................................................................................................................ (1.8) (2.1) (2.1) (2.0) (2.2) (2.1) (2.2) (2.0) 

Grants to State and local governments ......................................................................................... 6.9 6.9 7.6 8.3 9.8 10.9 12.7 14.8 

Net interest paid .............................................................................................................................. 6.8 6.4 6.4 7.1 7.7 8.2 8.7 9.6 

Subsidies less current surplus of government enterprises ........................................................... 1.4 2.0 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.5 4.8 

Subsidies ..................................................................................................................................... (1.2) (1.6) (2.2) (2.3) (2.5) (2.8) (3.1) (4.2) 

Current surplus (–) or deficit ...................................................................................................... (0.2) (0.5) (0.4) (0.4) (0.2) (0.3) (0.5) (0.7) 

Total expenditures .................................................................................................................... 88.9 93.2 99.5 107.3 113.1 116.8 130.6 152.5 

Surplus or deficit (–), NIPA basis .......................................................................................... 6.6 2.9 5.5 3.7 3.7 4.5 3.3 –4.2 

Table 14.1—FEDERAL TRANSACTIONS IN THE NATIONAL INCOME AND PRODUCT ACCOUNTS FOR FEDERAL FISCAL YEARS: 1960–1998— 

Continued 


1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 

Receipts 






Expenditures 


Defense ....................................................................................................................................... (75.5) (79.0) (80.3) (78.9) (81.2) (82.7) (86.2) (94.0) 

Nondefense ................................................................................................................................. (17.2) (19.3) (21.2) (22.8) (26.5) (28.8) (30.4) (36.6) 



Foreign ........................................................................................................................................ (2.0) (2.0) (1.8) (2.1) (2.6) (2.5) (2.9) (3.3) 




Subsidies ..................................................................................................................................... (3.7) (4.2) (4.4) (5.3) (5.3) (7.4) (5.4) (4.4) 


Wage disbursements less accruals ................................................................................................ ................ ................ –0.1 0.1 ................ –0.5 0.1 0.3 


Surplus or deficit (–), NIPA basis .......................................................................................... –8.1 7.4 –2.1 –23.2 –21.6 –20.3 –12.1 –50.2


255 


Continued 


1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 

Receipts 






Expenditures 


Defense ....................................................................................................................................... (99.3) (107.5) (116.2) (126.9) (145.3) (168.6) (192.2) (212.1) 

Nondefense ................................................................................................................................. (39.5) (44.4) (49.3) (54.4) (62.2) (70.4) (71.6) (79.9) 



Foreign ........................................................................................................................................ (3.1) (3.4) (3.5) (4.0) (4.3) (5.2) (6.3) (7.0) 




Subsidies ..................................................................................................................................... (5.0) (6.3) (8.9) (9.6) (9.3) (11.7) (13.5) (18.5) 


Wage disbursements less accruals ................................................................................................ –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 * ................ –0.1 * 0.4 


Surplus or deficit (–), NIPA basis .......................................................................................... –61.5 –45.3 –38.3 –17.8 –50.3 –56.6 –104.8 –178.7 



Continued 


1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 

Receipts 





Total receipts ............................................................................................................................. 723.7 798.7 836.4 922.5 981.5 1,069.9 1,112.5 1,141.5 

Expenditures 


Defense ....................................................................................................................................... (222.5) (250.7) (271.0) (280.8) (293.4) (308.2) (306.1) (324.4) 

Nondefense ................................................................................................................................. (74.6) (83.8) (87.8) (90.3) (89.1) (99.6) (111.1) (118.1) 



Foreign ........................................................................................................................................ (9.0) (12.3) (13.3) (10.7) (11.1) (11.7) (14.9) (–26.0) 




Subsidies ..................................................................................................................................... (25.1) (23.6) (25.0) (28.7) (32.1) (31.1) (25.3) (28.5) 


Wage disbursements less accruals ................................................................................................ –0.1 0.1 ................ –0.1 0.1 ................ –* * 

Total expenditures .................................................................................................................... 877.0 958.2 1,017.6 1,048.8 1,103.5 1,179.7 1,259.2 1,318.1 





Continued 


1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

Receipts 

Personal tax and nontax receipts .................................................................................................................... 485.8 513.4 555.9 602.7 666.0 687.7 723.2 

Corporate profits tax accruals .......................................................................................................................... 115.4 130.9 157.6 183.2 179.5 189.2 196.8 

Indirect business tax and nontax accruals ...................................................................................................... 80.9 86.4 92.7 91.7 85.9 90.4 87.8 

Contributions for social insurance .................................................................................................................... 499.0 522.3 551.2 581.2 600.1 632.5 654.1 

Total receipts .............................................................................................................................................. 1,181.0 1,253.0 1,357.5 1,458.8 1,531.5 1,599.7 1,662.0 

Expenditures 

Consumption expenditures ............................................................................................................................... 448.9 452.3 454.3 454.8 451.2 456.4 449.9 

Defense ........................................................................................................................................................ (318.9) (315.0) (310.8) (303.5) (305.3) (304.6) (297.9) 

Nondefense .................................................................................................................................................. (130.0) (137.3) (143.5) (151.3) (145.8) (151.8) (152.0) 

Transfer payments ............................................................................................................................................ 607.4 651.3 677.0 712.4 753.3 795.3 836.3 

Domestic (‘‘to persons’’) ............................................................................................................................... (595.8) (633.6) (661.7) (697.3) (740.7) (782.0) (822.7) 

Foreign .......................................................................................................................................................... (11.5) (17.7) (15.3) (15.1) (12.5) (13.3) (13.6) 

Grants to State and local governments ........................................................................................................... 168.4 180.1 196.3 204.4 214.7 230.8 246.6 

Net interest paid ............................................................................................................................................... 197.9 192.0 195.9 224.3 229.7 236.0 240.0 

Subsidies less current surplus of government enterprises ............................................................................. 34.1 39.3 40.5 33.5 37.1 38.7 36.1 

Subsidies ...................................................................................................................................................... (31.0) (35.5) (37.6) (34.0) (N/A) (N/A) (N/A) 

Current surplus (–) or deficit ....................................................................................................................... (3.1) (3.8) (2.9) (–0.5) (N/A) (N/A) (N/A) 

Total expenditures ..................................................................................................................................... 1,456.7 1,515.1 1,563.9 1,629.4 1,685.9 1,757.1 1,808.9 

Surplus or deficit (–), NIPA basis ........................................................................................................... –275.7 –262.1 –206.4 –170.6 –154.4 –157.4 –147.0 

N/A: Not available. 



257 

Table 14.2—FEDERAL TRANSACTIONS IN THE NATIONAL INCOME AND PRODUCT ACCOUNTS AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP FOR FEDERAL FISCAL 

YEARS: 1960–1998 

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 

Receipts 






Expenditures 


Defense ....................................................................................................................................... (8.1) (8.1) (8.1) (8.1) (7.8) (7.3) (7.4) (8.3) 

Nondefense ................................................................................................................................. (1.8) (1.7) (1.7) (2.0) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) 



Foreign ........................................................................................................................................ (0.3) (0.4) (0.4) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3) 




Subsidies ..................................................................................................................................... (0.2) (0.3) (0.4) (0.4) (0.4) (0.4) (0.4) (0.5) 

Current surplus (–) or deficit ...................................................................................................... (*) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (*) (*) (0.1) (0.1) 


Surplus or deficit (–), NIPA basis .......................................................................................... 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 –0.5 



YEARS: 1960–1998—Continued 

1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 

Receipts 






Expenditures 


Defense ....................................................................................................................................... (8.7) (8.3) (8.0) (7.3) (6.9) (6.3) (6.0) (6.0) 

Nondefense ................................................................................................................................. (2.0) (2.0) (2.1) (2.1) (2.3) (2.2) (2.1) (2.4) 



Foreign ........................................................................................................................................ (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) 




Subsidies ..................................................................................................................................... (0.4) (0.4) (0.4) (0.5) (0.5) (0.6) (0.4) (0.3) 

Current surplus (–) or deficit ...................................................................................................... (0.1) (*) (0.1) (0.2) (0.1) (0.1) (0.2) (0.2) 

Wage disbursements less accruals ................................................................................................ ................ ................ –* * ................ –* * * 


Surplus or deficit (–), NIPA basis .......................................................................................... –0.9 0.8 –0.2 –2.2 –1.8 –1.6 –0.8 –3.2 





1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 

Receipts 






Expenditures 


Defense ....................................................................................................................................... (5.7) (5.5) (5.3) (5.1) (5.3) (5.5) (6.0) (6.2) 

Nondefense ................................................................................................................................. (2.3) (2.3) (2.2) (2.2) (2.3) (2.3) (2.2) (2.3) 



Foreign ........................................................................................................................................ (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) 




Subsidies ..................................................................................................................................... (0.3) (0.3) (0.4) (0.4) (0.3) (0.4) (0.4) (0.5) 


Wage disbursements less accruals ................................................................................................ –* –* –* * ................ –* * * 






1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 

Receipts 






Expenditures 


Defense ....................................................................................................................................... (5.8) (6.1) (6.2) (6.1) (5.9) (5.8) (5.4) (5.5) 

Nondefense ................................................................................................................................. (2.0) (2.0) (2.0) (2.0) (1.8) (1.9) (2.0) (2.0) 



Foreign ........................................................................................................................................ (0.2) (0.3) (0.3) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.3) (–0.4) 




Subsidies ..................................................................................................................................... (0.7) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.4) (0.5) 

Current surplus (–) or deficit ...................................................................................................... (0.1) (0.1) (*) (*) (*) (*) (0.1) (0.1) 

Wage disbursements less accruals ................................................................................................ –* * ................ –* * ................ –* * 





259 



1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 

1997 

estimate 

1998 

estimate 

Receipts 

Personal tax and nontax receipts .................................................................................................................... 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.4 8.9 8.8 8.8 

Corporate profits tax accruals .......................................................................................................................... 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 

Indirect business tax and nontax accruals ...................................................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 

Contributions for social insurance .................................................................................................................... 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.0 

Total receipts .............................................................................................................................................. 19.2 19.4 19.9 20.3 20.5 20.4 20.2 

Expenditures 

Consumption expenditures ............................................................................................................................... 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.5 

Defense ........................................................................................................................................................ (5.2) (4.9) (4.6) (4.2) (4.1) (3.9) (3.6) 

Nondefense .................................................................................................................................................. (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (1.9) (1.9) (1.8) 

Transfer payments ............................................................................................................................................ 9.9 10.1 9.9 9.9 10.1 10.1 10.2 

Domestic (‘‘to persons’’) ............................................................................................................................... (9.7) (9.8) (9.7) (9.7) (9.9) (10.0) (10.0) 

Foreign .......................................................................................................................................................... (0.2) (0.3) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) 

Grants to State and local governments ........................................................................................................... 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 

Net interest paid ............................................................................................................................................... 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 

Subsidies less current surplus of government enterprises ............................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 

Subsidies ...................................................................................................................................................... (0.5) (0.5) (0.6) (0.5) (N/A) (N/A) (N/A) 

Current surplus (–) or deficit ....................................................................................................................... (*) (0.1) (*) (–*) (N/A) (N/A) (N/A) 

Total expenditures ..................................................................................................................................... 23.7 23.4 22.9 22.7 22.5 22.4 22.0 

Surplus or deficit (–), NIPA basis ........................................................................................................... –4.5 –4.1 –3.0 –2.4 –2.1 –2.0 –1.8 



Table 15.1—TOTAL GOVERNMENT RECEIPTS IN ABSOLUTE AMOUNTS AND AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1960–1996 




Fiscal Year 

Total 

Government 

Receipts 

Federal Government Receipts 


State and 

Local 

Government 

Tax Receipts 

(NIPA Basis) 

Addendum: 

Fiscal Year 

GDP 

Total 

Government 

Receipts 

Federal 

Government 

Receipts 

State and 

Local 

Government 

Tax Receipts 

(NIPA Basis) 

1960 .................................... 132.5 92.5 81.9 10.6 40.0 518.3 25.6 17.8 7.7 

1961 .................................... 137.7 94.4 82.3 12.1 43.4 530.4 26.0 17.8 8.2 

1962 .................................... 146.5 99.7 87.4 12.3 46.9 567.3 25.8 17.6 8.3 

1963 .................................... 156.6 106.6 92.4 14.2 50.1 599.0 26.1 17.8 8.4 

1964 .................................... 166.9 112.6 96.2 16.4 54.3 639.8 26.1 17.6 8.5 

1965 .................................... 175.3 116.8 100.1 16.7 58.4 686.8 25.5 17.0 8.5 

1966 .................................... 195.3 130.8 111.7 19.1 64.5 752.7 25.9 17.4 8.6 

1967 .................................... 218.4 148.8 124.4 24.4 69.6 811.9 26.9 18.3 8.6 

1968 .................................... 232.2 153.0 128.1 24.9 79.3 868.0 26.8 17.6 9.1 

1969 .................................... 275.5 186.9 157.9 29.0 88.6 948.1 29.1 19.7 9.3 

1970 .................................... 293.1 192.8 159.3 33.5 100.2 1,009.4 29.0 19.1 9.9 

1971 .................................... 295.6 187.1 151.3 35.8 108.5 1,077.4 27.4 17.4 10.1 

1972 .................................... 332.3 207.3 167.4 39.9 124.9 1,177.0 28.2 17.6 10.6 

1973 .................................... 369.0 230.8 184.7 46.1 138.2 1,306.8 28.2 17.7 10.6 

1974 .................................... 413.5 263.2 209.3 53.9 150.3 1,438.1 28.8 18.3 10.5 

1975 .................................... 442.3 279.1 216.6 62.5 163.2 1,554.5 28.5 18.0 10.5 

1976 .................................... 479.6 298.1 231.7 66.4 181.6 1,730.4 27.7 17.2 10.5 

TQ ....................................... 126.1 81.2 63.2 18.0 44.9 454.8 27.7 17.9 9.9 

1977 .................................... 563.9 355.6 278.7 76.8 208.3 1,971.4 28.6 18.0 10.6 

1978 .................................... 629.3 399.6 314.2 85.4 229.8 2,212.6 28.4 18.1 10.4 

1979 .................................... 706.9 463.3 365.3 98.0 243.6 2,495.9 28.3 18.6 9.8 

1980 .................................... 783.6 517.1 403.9 113.2 266.5 2,718.9 28.8 19.0 9.8 

1981 .................................... 894.1 599.3 469.1 130.2 294.8 3,049.1 29.3 19.7 9.7 

1982 .................................... 938.0 617.8 474.3 143.5 320.2 3,211.3 29.2 19.2 10.0 

1983 .................................... 947.7 600.6 453.2 147.3 347.2 3,421.9 27.7 17.6 10.1 

1984 .................................... 1,056.0 666.5 500.4 166.1 389.5 3,812.0 27.7 17.5 10.2 

1985 .................................... 1,153.0 734.2 548.0 186.2 418.8 4,102.1 28.1 17.9 10.2 

1986 .................................... 1,221.4 769.3 569.0 200.2 452.1 4,374.3 27.9 17.6 10.3 

1987 .................................... 1,340.3 854.4 641.0 213.4 485.9 4,605.1 29.1 18.6 10.6 

1988 .................................... 1,423.3 909.3 667.8 241.5 514.0 4,953.5 28.7 18.4 10.4 

1989 .................................... 1,545.2 991.2 727.5 263.7 554.0 5,351.8 28.9 18.5 10.4 

1990 .................................... 1,616.9 1,032.0 750.3 281.7 584.9 5,684.5 28.4 18.2 10.3 

1991 .................................... 1,674.5 1,055.0 761.2 293.9 619.5 5,858.8 28.6 18.0 10.6 

1992 .................................... 1,748.6 1,091.3 788.9 302.4 657.4 6,143.2 28.5 17.8 10.7 

1993 .................................... 1,857.9 1,154.4 842.5 311.9 703.5 6,470.8 28.7 17.8 10.9 

1994 .................................... 1,994.9 1,258.6 923.6 335.0 736.3 6,830.4 29.2 18.4 10.8 

1995 .................................... 2,132.9 1,351.8 1,000.8 351.1 781.1 7,186.9 29.7 18.8 10.9 

1996 .................................... 2,272.7 1,453.1 1,085.6 367.5 819.7 7,484.7 30.4 19.4 11.0


261 

Table 15.2—TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES: 1960–1996 


Fiscal Year 

Total Government 

Expenditures 

Federal Government Outlays 


Addendum: Federal 

Grants (NIPA Basis) 

State and Local 

Government 

Expenditures From 

Own Sources (NIPA 

Basis) 

1960 ........................................................ 122.1 92.2 81.3 10.9 (6.9) 29.9 

1961 ........................................................ 131.1 97.7 86.0 11.7 (6.9) 33.4 

1962 ........................................................ 142.7 106.8 93.3 13.5 (7.6) 35.9 

1963 ........................................................ 149.2 111.3 96.4 15.0 (8.3) 37.9 

1964 ........................................................ 158.9 118.5 102.8 15.7 (9.8) 40.4 

1965 ........................................................ 161.9 118.2 101.7 16.5 (10.9) 43.7 

1966 ........................................................ 182.3 134.5 114.8 19.7 (12.7) 47.8 

1967 ........................................................ 210.9 157.5 137.0 20.4 (14.8) 53.4 

1968 ........................................................ 237.8 178.1 155.8 22.3 (17.8) 59.7 

1969 ........................................................ 252.3 183.6 158.4 25.2 (19.2) 68.7 

1970 ........................................................ 273.6 195.6 168.0 27.6 (22.6) 77.9 

1971 ........................................................ 299.7 210.2 177.3 32.8 (26.8) 89.6 

1972 ........................................................ 328.7 230.7 193.8 36.9 (32.6) 98.0 

1973 ........................................................ 349.7 245.7 200.1 45.6 (40.4) 104.0 

1974 ........................................................ 387.5 269.4 217.3 52.1 (41.6) 118.1 

1975 ........................................................ 468.2 332.3 271.9 60.4 (48.4) 135.9 

1976 ........................................................ 523.0 371.8 302.2 69.6 (57.5) 151.2 

TQ ........................................................... 135.6 96.0 76.6 19.4 (15.4) 39.6 

1977 ........................................................ 575.1 409.2 328.5 80.7 (66.3) 165.9 

1978 ........................................................ 635.9 458.7 369.1 89.7 (74.7) 177.2 

1979 ........................................................ 697.1 504.0 404.1 100.0 (79.1) 193.1 

1980 ........................................................ 803.8 590.9 476.6 114.3 (86.7) 212.8 

1981 ........................................................ 917.5 678.2 543.1 135.2 (90.1) 239.3 

1982 ........................................................ 1,014.3 745.8 594.4 151.4 (83.4) 268.6 

1983 ........................................................ 1,095.8 808.4 661.3 147.1 (86.2) 287.4 

1984 ........................................................ 1,157.3 851.9 686.1 165.8 (91.6) 305.4 

1985 ........................................................ 1,277.0 946.5 769.7 176.8 (98.6) 330.5 

1986 ........................................................ 1,347.8 990.5 807.0 183.5 (108.2) 357.3 

1987 ........................................................ 1,404.3 1,004.2 810.3 193.8 (103.3) 400.2 

1988 ........................................................ 1,492.7 1,064.5 861.8 202.7 (108.4) 428.2 

1989 ........................................................ 1,601.7 1,143.7 932.8 210.9 (115.8) 458.0 

1990 ........................................................ 1,756.6 1,253.2 1,028.1 225.1 (128.4) 503.5 

1991 ........................................................ 1,870.4 1,324.4 1,082.7 241.7 (147.1) 546.0 

1992 ........................................................ 1,961.1 1,381.7 1,129.3 252.3 (168.4) 579.4 

1993 ........................................................ 2,021.7 1,409.4 1,142.8 266.6 (180.1) 612.3 

1994 ........................................................ 2,098.5 1,461.7 1,182.4 279.4 (196.3) 636.8 

1995 ........................................................ 2,199.0 1,515.7 1,227.1 288.7 (204.4) 683.3 

1996 ........................................................ 2,287.7 1,560.3 1,259.9 300.5 (211.2) 727.4


Table 15.3—TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1960–1996 

Fiscal Year 

Total Government 

Expenditures 

Federal Government Outlays 


Addendum: Federal 

Grants (NIPA Basis) 


Government 

Expenditures From 

Own Sources (NIPA 

Basis) 

1960 ........................................................ 23.6 17.8 15.7 2.1 (1.3) 5.8 

1961 ........................................................ 24.7 18.4 16.2 2.2 (1.3) 6.3 

1962 ........................................................ 25.2 18.8 16.4 2.4 (1.3) 6.3 

1963 ........................................................ 24.9 18.6 16.1 2.5 (1.4) 6.3 

1964 ........................................................ 24.8 18.5 16.1 2.5 (1.5) 6.3 

1965 ........................................................ 23.6 17.2 14.8 2.4 (1.6) 6.4 

1966 ........................................................ 24.2 17.9 15.3 2.6 (1.7) 6.4 

1967 ........................................................ 26.0 19.4 16.9 2.5 (1.8) 6.6 

1968 ........................................................ 27.4 20.5 17.9 2.6 (2.1) 6.9 

1969 ........................................................ 26.6 19.4 16.7 2.7 (2.0) 7.2 

1970 ........................................................ 27.1 19.4 16.6 2.7 (2.2) 7.7 

1971 ........................................................ 27.8 19.5 16.5 3.0 (2.5) 8.3 

1972 ........................................................ 27.9 19.6 16.5 3.1 (2.8) 8.3 

1973 ........................................................ 26.8 18.8 15.3 3.5 (3.1) 8.0 

1974 ........................................................ 26.9 18.7 15.1 3.6 (2.9) 8.2 

1975 ........................................................ 30.1 21.4 17.5 3.9 (3.1) 8.7 

1976 ........................................................ 30.2 21.5 17.5 4.0 (3.3) 8.7 

TQ ........................................................... 29.8 21.1 16.8 4.3 (3.4) 8.7 

1977 ........................................................ 29.2 20.8 16.7 4.1 (3.4) 8.4 

1978 ........................................................ 28.7 20.7 16.7 4.1 (3.4) 8.0 

1979 ........................................................ 27.9 20.2 16.2 4.0 (3.2) 7.7 

1980 ........................................................ 29.6 21.7 17.5 4.2 (3.2) 7.8 

1981 ........................................................ 30.1 22.2 17.8 4.4 (3.0) 7.8 

1982 ........................................................ 31.6 23.2 18.5 4.7 (2.6) 8.4 

1983 ........................................................ 32.0 23.6 19.3 4.3 (2.5) 8.4 

1984 ........................................................ 30.4 22.3 18.0 4.3 (2.4) 8.0 

1985 ........................................................ 31.1 23.1 18.8 4.3 (2.4) 8.1 

1986 ........................................................ 30.8 22.6 18.4 4.2 (2.5) 8.2 

1987 ........................................................ 30.5 21.8 17.6 4.2 (2.2) 8.7 

1988 ........................................................ 30.1 21.5 17.4 4.1 (2.2) 8.6 

1989 ........................................................ 29.9 21.4 17.4 3.9 (2.2) 8.6 

1990 ........................................................ 30.9 22.0 18.1 4.0 (2.3) 8.9 

1991 ........................................................ 31.9 22.6 18.5 4.1 (2.5) 9.3 

1992 ........................................................ 31.9 22.5 18.4 4.1 (2.7) 9.4 

1993 ........................................................ 31.2 21.8 17.7 4.1 (2.8) 9.5 

1994 ........................................................ 30.7 21.4 17.3 4.1 (2.9) 9.3 

1995 ........................................................ 30.6 21.1 17.1 4.0 (2.8) 9.5 

1996 ........................................................ 30.6 20.8 16.8 4.0 (2.8) 9.7


263 

Table 15.4—TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES BY MAJOR CATEGORY OF EXPENDITURE: 1960–1996 


Fiscal Year 

Total 

Government 

Defense and 

International 

Net Interest 

Federal Payments For Individuals 

Social Security 

and Medicare 


Other Federal 


From Own 

Sources (Except 

Net Interest) 

1960 ........................................................ 122.1 51.1 7.1 11.4 12.8 10.0 29.8 

1961 ........................................................ 131.1 52.8 6.8 12.2 15.3 10.7 33.2 

1962 ........................................................ 142.7 58.0 7.0 14.0 14.9 13.0 35.8 

1963 ........................................................ 149.2 58.7 7.9 15.5 15.5 13.9 37.8 

1964 ........................................................ 158.9 59.7 8.2 16.2 16.0 18.4 40.4 

1965 ........................................................ 161.9 55.9 8.4 17.1 16.0 20.6 43.9 

1966 ........................................................ 182.3 63.7 9.0 20.3 16.8 24.4 48.2 

1967 ........................................................ 210.9 77.0 9.5 24.5 18.7 27.0 54.2 

1968 ........................................................ 237.8 87.2 10.1 28.4 21.4 30.0 60.6 

1969 ........................................................ 252.3 87.1 11.7 33.0 24.2 26.6 69.7 

1970 ........................................................ 273.6 86.0 12.8 36.4 28.4 30.4 79.5 

1971 ........................................................ 299.7 83.0 13.2 42.6 38.0 31.7 91.2 

1972 ........................................................ 328.7 84.0 14.2 47.7 45.3 38.2 99.4 

1973 ........................................................ 349.7 80.8 15.3 57.2 47.5 42.8 106.1 

1974 ........................................................ 387.5 85.1 17.8 65.7 54.7 42.4 121.8 

1975 ........................................................ 468.2 93.6 18.7 77.7 76.2 61.6 140.4 

1976 ........................................................ 523.0 96.1 22.5 89.6 91.0 68.4 155.4 

TQ ........................................................... 135.6 24.7 6.0 24.0 21.5 18.8 40.6 

1977 ........................................................ 575.1 103.6 25.6 104.5 92.5 78.7 170.2 

1978 ........................................................ 635.9 112.0 28.4 116.7 95.0 99.5 184.2 

1979 ........................................................ 697.1 123.8 30.8 130.8 103.1 103.8 204.9 

1980 ........................................................ 803.8 146.7 34.6 151.0 127.5 113.2 230.7 

1981 ........................................................ 917.5 170.6 46.3 179.1 145.5 114.2 261.8 

1982 ........................................................ 1,014.3 197.6 57.3 203.1 154.8 105.2 296.3 

1983 ........................................................ 1,095.8 221.8 59.2 224.0 172.5 100.3 318.0 

1984 ........................................................ 1,157.3 243.3 78.0 237.0 164.2 96.3 338.5 

1985 ........................................................ 1,277.0 268.9 91.7 256.1 171.2 120.8 368.3 

1986 ........................................................ 1,347.8 287.5 95.5 270.7 180.5 115.7 397.8 

1987 ........................................................ 1,404.3 293.6 97.5 285.0 186.3 100.6 441.3 

1988 ........................................................ 1,492.7 300.8 108.4 302.5 198.1 111.2 471.6 

1989 ........................................................ 1,601.7 313.1 119.4 324.4 211.6 125.2 507.9 

1990 ........................................................ 1,756.6 313.1 132.5 353.8 230.3 171.8 555.2 

1991 ........................................................ 1,870.4 289.1 141.7 380.7 269.6 190.5 598.8 

1992 ........................................................ 1,961.1 314.5 144.8 414.3 313.4 140.1 634.0 

1993 ........................................................ 2,021.7 308.3 146.0 444.8 338.0 119.5 665.1 

1994 ........................................................ 2,098.5 298.7 152.7 476.2 346.0 137.9 687.0 

1995 ........................................................ 2,199.0 288.5 184.1 510.1 364.5 120.5 731.4 

1996 ........................................................ 2,287.7 279.2 195.6 538.1 371.3 130.6 772.8


Table 15.5—TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES BY MAJOR CATEGORY OF EXPENDITURE AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1960–1996 

Fiscal Year 

Total 

Government 

Defense and 

International 

Net Interest 

Federal Payments For Individuals 

Social Security 

and Medicare 


Other Federal 


From Own 

Sources (Except 

Net Interest) 

1960 ........................................................ 23.6 9.9 1.4 2.2 2.5 1.9 5.8 

1961 ........................................................ 24.7 10.0 1.3 2.3 2.9 2.0 6.3 

1962 ........................................................ 25.2 10.2 1.2 2.5 2.6 2.3 6.3 

1963 ........................................................ 24.9 9.8 1.3 2.6 2.6 2.3 6.3 

1964 ........................................................ 24.8 9.3 1.3 2.5 2.5 2.9 6.3 

1965 ........................................................ 23.6 8.1 1.2 2.5 2.3 3.0 6.4 

1966 ........................................................ 24.2 8.5 1.2 2.7 2.2 3.2 6.4 

1967 ........................................................ 26.0 9.5 1.2 3.0 2.3 3.3 6.7 

1968 ........................................................ 27.4 10.0 1.2 3.3 2.5 3.5 7.0 

1969 ........................................................ 26.6 9.2 1.2 3.5 2.6 2.8 7.4 

1970 ........................................................ 27.1 8.5 1.3 3.6 2.8 3.0 7.9 

1971 ........................................................ 27.8 7.7 1.2 4.0 3.5 2.9 8.5 

1972 ........................................................ 27.9 7.1 1.2 4.1 3.9 3.2 8.4 

1973 ........................................................ 26.8 6.2 1.2 4.4 3.6 3.3 8.1 

1974 ........................................................ 26.9 5.9 1.2 4.6 3.8 3.0 8.5 

1975 ........................................................ 30.1 6.0 1.2 5.0 4.9 4.0 9.0 

1976 ........................................................ 30.2 5.6 1.3 5.2 5.3 4.0 9.0 

TQ ........................................................... 29.8 5.4 1.3 5.3 4.7 4.1 8.9 

1977 ........................................................ 29.2 5.3 1.3 5.3 4.7 4.0 8.6 

1978 ........................................................ 28.7 5.1 1.3 5.3 4.3 4.5 8.3 

1979 ........................................................ 27.9 5.0 1.2 5.2 4.1 4.2 8.2 

1980 ........................................................ 29.6 5.4 1.3 5.6 4.7 4.2 8.5 

1981 ........................................................ 30.1 5.6 1.5 5.9 4.8 3.7 8.6 

1982 ........................................................ 31.6 6.2 1.8 6.3 4.8 3.3 9.2 

1983 ........................................................ 32.0 6.5 1.7 6.5 5.0 2.9 9.3 

1984 ........................................................ 30.4 6.4 2.0 6.2 4.3 2.5 8.9 

1985 ........................................................ 31.1 6.6 2.2 6.2 4.2 2.9 9.0 

1986 ........................................................ 30.8 6.6 2.2 6.2 4.1 2.6 9.1 

1987 ........................................................ 30.5 6.4 2.1 6.2 4.0 2.2 9.6 

1988 ........................................................ 30.1 6.1 2.2 6.1 4.0 2.2 9.5 

1989 ........................................................ 29.9 5.9 2.2 6.1 4.0 2.3 9.5 

1990 ........................................................ 30.9 5.5 2.3 6.2 4.1 3.0 9.8 

1991 ........................................................ 31.9 4.9 2.4 6.5 4.6 3.3 10.2 

1992 ........................................................ 31.9 5.1 2.4 6.7 5.1 2.3 10.3 

1993 ........................................................ 31.2 4.8 2.3 6.9 5.2 1.8 10.3 

1994 ........................................................ 30.7 4.4 2.2 7.0 5.1 2.0 10.1 

1995 ........................................................ 30.6 4.0 2.6 7.1 5.1 1.7 10.2 

1996 ........................................................ 30.6 3.7 2.6 7.2 5.0 1.7 10.3


265 

Table 15.6—TOTAL GOVERNMENT SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–) IN ABSOLUTE AMOUNTS AND AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1960–1996 

In Billions of Current Dollars 


Fiscal Year 

Total 

Government 

Federal Government 


State and 

Local (NIPA 

Basis) 

Total 

Government 

Total Federal 

State and 

Local 

1960 ........................................................ 10.3 0.3 0.5 –0.2 10.0 2.0 0.1 1.9 

1961 ........................................................ 6.7 –3.3 –3.8 0.4 10.0 1.3 –0.6 1.9 

1962 ........................................................ 3.9 –7.1 –5.9 –1.3 11.0 0.7 –1.3 1.9 

1963 ........................................................ 7.4 –4.8 –4.0 –0.8 12.2 1.2 –0.8 2.0 

1964 ........................................................ 8.0 –5.9 –6.5 0.6 13.9 1.2 –0.9 2.2 

1965 ........................................................ 13.4 –1.4 –1.6 0.2 14.8 1.9 –0.2 2.2 

1966 ........................................................ 13.0 –3.7 –3.1 –0.6 16.7 1.7 –0.5 2.2 

1967 ........................................................ 7.6 –8.6 –12.6 4.0 16.2 0.9 –1.1 2.0 

1968 ........................................................ –5.6 –25.2 –27.7 2.6 19.6 –0.6 –2.9 2.3 

1969 ........................................................ 23.1 3.2 –0.5 3.7 19.9 2.4 0.3 2.1 

1970 ........................................................ 19.5 –2.8 –8.7 5.9 22.3 1.9 –0.3 2.2 

1971 ........................................................ –4.1 –23.0 –26.1 3.0 18.9 –0.4 –2.1 1.8 

1972 ........................................................ 3.5 –23.4 –26.4 3.1 26.9 0.3 –2.0 2.3 

1973 ........................................................ 19.3 –14.9 –15.4 0.5 34.2 1.5 –1.1 2.6 

1974 ........................................................ 26.1 –6.1 –8.0 1.8 32.2 1.8 –0.4 2.2 

1975 ........................................................ –25.9 –53.2 –55.3 2.0 27.3 –1.7 –3.4 1.8 

1976 ........................................................ –43.3 –73.7 –70.5 –3.2 30.4 –2.5 –4.3 1.8 

TQ ........................................................... –9.5 –14.7 –13.3 –1.4 5.3 –2.1 –3.2 1.2 

1977 ........................................................ –11.2 –53.7 –49.8 –3.9 42.5 –0.6 –2.7 2.2 

1978 ........................................................ –6.6 –59.2 –54.9 –4.3 52.6 –0.3 –2.7 2.4 

1979 ........................................................ 9.8 –40.7 –38.7 –2.0 50.5 0.4 –1.6 2.0 

1980 ........................................................ –20.2 –73.8 –72.7 –1.1 53.7 –0.7 –2.7 2.0 

1981 ........................................................ –23.5 –79.0 –74.0 –5.0 55.5 –0.8 –2.6 1.8 

1982 ........................................................ –76.4 –128.0 –120.1 –7.9 51.6 –2.4 –4.0 1.6 

1983 ........................................................ –148.1 –207.8 –208.0 0.2 59.7 –4.3 –6.1 1.7 

1984 ........................................................ –101.3 –185.4 –185.7 0.3 84.1 –2.7 –4.9 2.2 

1985 ........................................................ –124.1 –212.3 –221.7 9.4 88.3 –3.0 –5.2 2.2 

1986 ........................................................ –126.4 –221.2 –238.0 16.7 94.8 –2.9 –5.1 2.2 

1987 ........................................................ –64.0 –149.8 –169.3 19.6 85.7 –1.4 –3.3 1.9 

1988 ........................................................ –69.4 –155.2 –194.0 38.8 85.8 –1.4 –3.1 1.7 

1989 ........................................................ –56.5 –152.5 –205.2 52.8 96.0 –1.1 –2.8 1.8 

1990 ........................................................ –139.7 –221.2 –277.8 56.6 81.5 –2.5 –3.9 1.4 

1991 ........................................................ –195.9 –269.4 –321.6 52.2 73.5 –3.3 –4.6 1.3 

1992 ........................................................ –212.5 –290.4 –340.5 50.1 77.9 –3.5 –4.7 1.3 

1993 ........................................................ –163.8 –255.0 –300.4 45.3 91.2 –2.5 –3.9 1.4 

1994 ........................................................ –103.7 –203.1 –258.8 55.7 99.5 –1.5 –3.0 1.5 

1995 ........................................................ –66.1 –163.9 –226.3 62.4 97.8 –0.9 –2.3 1.4 

1996 ........................................................ –14.9 –107.3 –174.3 67.0 92.3 –0.2 –1.4 1.2


Table 16.1—OUTLAYS FOR HEALTH PROGRAMS: 1962–2002 

In billions of dollars 

As percentages of 

Fiscal year 

Total 

Defense 

health 

program 

Medicare 

(excluding 

premiums) 

Medicare 

premiums 

Medicaid 

Veterans 

medical 

care 

Federal employees 

health benefits 

(FEHB) 

Gross 

outlays 

Income 


health 

Total 

outlays 

GDP 

1962 ........................................................................ 2.3 N/A ................. ............... 0.1 1.1 0.3 –0.3 1.1 2.1 0.4 

1963 ........................................................................ 2.6 N/A ................. ............... 0.2 1.1 0.4 –0.4 1.3 2.3 0.4 

1964 ........................................................................ 3.0 N/A ................. ............... 0.2 1.2 0.4 –0.4 1.6 2.5 0.5 

1965 ........................................................................ 3.1 N/A ................. ............... 0.3 1.3 0.5 –0.5 1.5 2.6 0.4 

1966 ........................................................................ 3.9 N/A 0.1 ............... 0.8 1.3 0.5 –0.5 1.8 2.9 0.5 

1967 ........................................................................ 7.5 N/A 3.4 –0.6 1.2 1.4 0.6 –0.6 2.2 4.8 0.9 

1968 ........................................................................ 10.5 N/A 5.3 –0.7 1.8 1.5 0.7 –0.7 2.6 5.9 1.2 

1969 ........................................................................ 12.4 N/A 6.6 –0.9 2.3 1.6 0.8 –0.8 2.9 6.8 1.3 

1970 ........................................................................ 13.9 N/A 7.1 –0.9 2.7 1.8 0.9 –0.9 3.2 7.1 1.4 

1971 ........................................................................ 15.5 N/A 7.9 –1.3 3.4 2.0 1.1 –1.1 3.5 7.4 1.4 

1972 ........................................................................ 18.6 N/A 8.8 –1.3 4.6 2.4 1.3 –1.3 4.1 8.1 1.6 

1973 ........................................................................ 20.1 N/A 9.5 –1.4 4.6 2.7 1.4 –1.4 4.7 8.2 1.5 

1974 ........................................................................ 23.4 N/A 11.3 –1.7 5.8 3.0 1.5 –1.5 5.0 8.7 1.6 

1975 ........................................................................ 29.5 N/A 14.8 –1.9 6.8 3.7 1.8 –1.8 6.1 8.9 1.9 

1976 ........................................................................ 35.6 N/A 17.8 –1.9 8.6 4.0 2.2 –2.3 7.2 9.6 2.1 

TQ ........................................................................... 9.2 N/A 4.8 –0.5 2.2 1.0 0.6 –0.6 1.7 9.6 2.0 

1977 ........................................................................ 41.4 N/A 21.5 –2.2 9.9 4.7 2.7 –2.7 7.5 10.1 2.1 

1978 ........................................................................ 46.5 N/A 25.2 –2.4 10.7 5.3 3.0 –3.1 7.9 10.1 2.1 

1979 ........................................................................ 52.6 N/A 29.1 –2.7 12.4 5.6 3.2 –3.3 8.2 10.4 2.1 

1980 ........................................................................ 65.4 3.7 35.0 –2.9 14.0 6.5 3.6 –3.6 9.2 11.1 2.4 

1981 ........................................................................ 77.8 4.8 42.5 –3.3 16.8 7.0 4.3 –4.3 10.0 11.5 2.6 

1982 ........................................................................ 87.3 5.8 50.4 –3.9 17.4 7.5 5.0 –5.0 10.1 11.7 2.7 

1983 ........................................................................ 95.9 6.4 56.8 –4.3 19.0 8.3 5.7 –5.9 9.9 11.9 2.8 

1984 ........................................................................ 103.6 6.8 62.5 –4.9 20.1 8.9 6.6 –6.7 10.4 12.2 2.7 

1985 ........................................................................ 117.1 8.2 71.4 –5.6 22.7 9.5 6.5 –6.8 11.2 12.4 2.9 

1986 ........................................................................ 124.9 8.9 75.9 –5.7 25.0 9.9 6.6 –6.8 11.2 12.6 2.9 

1987 ........................................................................ 135.4 10.1 81.6 –6.5 27.4 10.3 7.3 –7.1 12.3 13.5 2.9 

1988 ........................................................................ 145.1 10.9 87.7 –8.8 30.5 10.8 8.7 –9.0 14.4 13.6 2.9 

1989 ........................................................................ 156.3 11.6 96.6 –11.6 34.6 11.3 9.1 –11.0 15.7 13.7 2.9 

1990 ........................................................................ 180.4 12.4 109.7 –11.6 41.1 12.1 11.0 –12.2 17.8 14.4 3.2 

1991 ........................................................................ 202.7 14.2 116.7 –12.2 52.5 12.9 12.4 –13.4 19.6 15.3 3.5 

1992 ........................................................................ 237.0 14.4 132.3 –13.2 67.8 14.1 13.9 –14.3 22.1 17.2 3.9 

1993 ........................................................................ 259.9 15.2 145.9 –15.3 75.8 14.8 14.6 –15.5 24.5 18.4 4.0 

1994 ........................................................................ 282.6 15.1 162.5 –17.7 82.0 15.7 15.5 –16.2 25.7 19.3 4.1 

1995 ........................................................................ 307.1 15.4 180.1 –20.2 89.1 16.4 15.9 –16.2 26.7 20.3 4.3 

1996 ........................................................................ 325.6 15.4 194.3 –20.0 92.0 16.6 16.1 –15.7 26.9 20.9 4.4 

1997 estimate ......................................................... 355.1 15.7 214.5 –20.3 98.5 17.5 16.6 –16.3 28.8 21.8 4.5 

1998 estimate ......................................................... 378.2 15.4 228.9 –21.8 105.8 17.5 17.5 –17.4 32.3 22.4 4.6 

1999 estimate ......................................................... 397.6 15.3 243.2 –23.7 111.6 17.6 18.5 –18.4 33.4 22.6 4.6 

2000 estimate ......................................................... 414.6 15.7 254.9 –25.6 118.2 17.6 19.8 –19.9 33.9 22.9 4.6 

2001 estimate ......................................................... 439.4 16.3 273.8 –27.8 125.2 17.6 20.8 –21.0 34.5 23.8 4.6 

2002 estimate ......................................................... 462.7 16.6 293.7 –30.5 133.4 17.5 22.3 –22.4 32.0 24.6 4.6 

Note: Totals for fiscal years prior to 1980 do not include defense health.


267 

Table 17.1—TOTAL EXECUTIVE BRANCH CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES: 1940–1996 

(end-of-fiscal-year count, excluding Postal Service, in thousands) 

Civilian Agencies 

Fiscal Year 

Total 

Executive 

Branch 

Department 

of Defense 

Total 

Agriculture 

HHS, Education, 


Security 

Administration 

Interior Justice 

Transportation 

Treasury Veterans Other 

1940 .................. 699 256 443 98 9 46 15 ................... 59 40 176 

1941 .................. 1,081 556 525 91 10 50 21 ................... 66 43 244 

1942 .................. 1,934 1,291 643 95 11 49 28 ................... 68 44 348 

1943 .................. 2,935 2,200 735 109 11 43 31 ................... 82 53 406 

1944 .................. 2,930 2,246 683 78 11 42 29 ................... 94 51 378 

1945 .................. 3,370 2,635 736 82 11 45 26 ................... 97 65 409 

1946 .................. 2,212 1,416 795 97 12 51 24 ................... 108 169 335 

1947 .................. 1,637 859 777 88 12 53 24 ................... 95 217 288 

1948 .................. 1,569 871 698 82 13 57 26 ................... 90 196 233 

1949 .................. 1,573 880 694 87 12 59 26 ................... 90 195 226 

1950 .................. 1,439 753 686 84 13 66 26 ................... 89 188 219 

1951 .................. 1,974 1,235 738 81 16 65 32 ................... 92 183 269 

1952 .................. 2,066 1,337 729 79 15 61 32 ................... 89 175 278 

1953 .................. 2,026 1,332 694 78 35 59 30 ................... 85 178 226 

1954 .................. 1,875 1,209 666 76 35 56 31 ................... 81 179 207 

1955 .................. 1,860 1,187 673 86 40 54 31 ................... 79 178 206 

1956 .................. 1,864 1,180 684 89 46 53 31 ................... 78 177 210 

1957 .................. 1,869 1,161 708 96 53 55 31 ................... 78 174 222 

1958 .................. 1,817 1,097 720 101 55 56 31 ................... 77 172 227 

1959 .................. 1,805 1,078 727 97 59 55 30 ................... 76 171 238 

1960 .................. 1,808 1,047 761 99 62 56 31 ................... 76 172 265 

1961 .................. 1,825 1,042 782 103 70 59 31 ................... 80 175 265 

1962 .................. 1,896 1,070 827 111 77 63 32 ................... 83 177 284 

1963 .................. 1,911 1,050 861 116 81 73 32 ................... 87 173 300 

1964 .................. 1,884 1,030 855 108 83 70 32 ................... 87 172 302 

1965 .................. 1,901 1,034 867 113 87 71 33 ................... 89 167 307 

1966 .................. 2,051 1,138 913 119 100 75 34 ................... 91 170 324 

1967 .................. 2,251 1,303 949 122 106 77 34 58 89 173 289 

1968 .................. 2,289 1,317 972 123 117 78 36 62 89 176 292 

1969 .................. 2,301 1,342 960 125 113 75 36 64 89 175 283 

1970 .................. 2,203 1,219 983 118 112 75 40 68 94 169 308 

1971 .................. 2,144 1,154 989 120 115 72 45 72 99 180 288 

1972 .................. 2,117 1,108 1,009 118 114 72 48 71 107 184 295 

1973 .................. 2,083 1,053 1,030 113 128 74 48 71 108 198 289 

1974 .................. 2,140 1,070 1,070 116 142 77 51 74 116 202 292 

1975 .................. 2,149 1,042 1,107 121 147 80 52 75 122 213 297 

1976 .................. 2,157 1,010 1,147 128 155 82 54 77 126 222 303 

1977 .................. 2,182 1,009 1,173 132 159 87 53 76 127 224 313 

1978 .................. 2,224 1,000 1,225 138 161 84 55 76 131 229 350 

1979 .................. 2,161 960 1,201 128 161 78 55 74 125 226 355 

1980 .................. 2,161 960 1,201 129 163 77 56 72 125 228 350 

1981 .................. 2,143 984 1,159 129 162 76 55 59 122 232 323 

1982 .................. 2,110 990 1,121 121 153 79 57 62 119 236 293 

1983 .................. 2,157 1,026 1,131 124 152 80 59 63 126 239 288 

1984 .................. 2,171 1,044 1,127 119 150 79 61 63 131 240 286 

1985 .................. 2,252 1,107 1,145 122 147 80 64 62 132 247 289 

1986 .................. 2,175 1,068 1,108 113 138 74 66 61 136 240 279 

1987 .................. 2,232 1,090 1,142 117 132 74 71 62 149 250 287 

1988 .................. 2,222 1,050 1,172 121 128 78 77 64 161 245 299 

1989 .................. 2,238 1,075 1,162 122 127 78 80 66 153 246 292 

1990 .................. 2,250 1,034 1,216 123 129 78 84 67 159 248 329 

1991 .................. 2,243 1,013 1,230 126 135 82 91 70 166 256 305 

1992 .................. 2,225 952 1,274 128 136 85 97 71 162 260 334 

1993 .................. 2,157 891 1,266 124 135 85 98 69 156 268 331 

1994 .................. 2,085 850 1,235 120 133 81 98 65 156 262 320 

1995 .................. 2,012 802 1,210 113 132 76 103 64 156 264 302 

1996 .................. 1,934 768 1,166 110 130 71 110 63 146 251 286 

1 1940–1953 data represent estimates for employment in these activities.


Table 17.2—TOTAL EXECUTIVE BRANCH CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES: 1940–1996 

(end-of-fiscal-year count, excluding Postal Service, as a percent of total executive branch) 


Fiscal Year 

Total 

Executive 

Branch 

Department 


Total 

Agriculture 



Security 


Interior Justice 



1940 .................. 100.0 36.6 63.3 14.0 1.2 6.5 2.1 ................... 8.4 5.7 25.1 

1941 .................. 100.0 51.4 48.5 8.3 0.9 4.5 1.9 ................... 6.0 4.0 22.6 

1942 .................. 100.0 66.7 33.2 4.9 0.5 2.5 1.4 ................... 3.5 2.2 17.9 

1943 .................. 100.0 74.9 25.0 3.7 0.3 1.4 1.0 ................... 2.7 1.8 13.8 

1944 .................. 100.0 76.6 23.3 2.6 0.3 1.4 0.9 ................... 3.1 1.7 12.9 

1945 .................. 100.0 78.1 21.8 2.4 0.3 1.3 0.7 ................... 2.8 1.9 12.1 

1946 .................. 100.0 64.0 35.9 4.3 0.5 2.3 1.0 ................... 4.8 7.6 15.1 

1947 .................. 100.0 52.4 47.5 5.3 0.7 3.2 1.4 ................... 5.8 13.2 17.6 

1948 .................. 100.0 55.5 44.4 5.2 0.8 3.6 1.6 ................... 5.7 12.4 14.8 

1949 .................. 100.0 55.9 44.0 5.4 0.7 3.7 1.6 ................... 5.6 12.3 14.3 

1950 .................. 100.0 52.3 47.6 5.8 0.9 4.6 1.8 ................... 6.2 13.0 15.2 

1951 .................. 100.0 62.6 37.3 4.1 0.8 3.2 1.6 ................... 4.6 9.2 13.6 

1952 .................. 100.0 64.7 35.2 3.8 0.7 2.9 1.5 ................... 4.3 8.4 13.4 

1953 .................. 100.0 65.7 34.2 3.8 1.7 2.9 1.5 ................... 4.2 8.8 11.1 

1954 .................. 100.0 64.4 35.5 4.0 1.8 3.0 1.6 ................... 4.3 9.5 11.0 

1955 .................. 100.0 63.7 36.2 4.5 2.1 2.9 1.6 ................... 4.2 9.5 11.0 

1956 .................. 100.0 63.3 36.6 4.7 2.4 2.8 1.6 ................... 4.1 9.4 11.2 

1957 .................. 100.0 62.1 37.8 5.1 2.8 2.9 1.6 ................... 4.1 9.3 11.8 

1958 .................. 100.0 60.3 39.6 5.5 3.0 3.0 1.6 ................... 4.2 9.4 12.5 

1959 .................. 100.0 59.7 40.2 5.3 3.2 3.0 1.6 ................... 4.2 9.4 13.1 

1960 .................. 100.0 57.9 42.0 5.4 3.4 3.1 1.7 ................... 4.2 9.5 14.6 

1961 .................. 100.0 57.1 42.8 5.6 3.8 3.2 1.7 ................... 4.3 9.5 14.5 

1962 .................. 100.0 56.4 43.5 5.8 4.0 3.3 1.6 ................... 4.3 9.3 14.9 

1963 .................. 100.0 54.9 45.0 6.0 4.2 3.7 1.6 ................... 4.5 9.0 15.6 

1964 .................. 100.0 54.6 45.3 5.7 4.4 3.6 1.7 ................... 4.6 9.1 16.0 

1965 .................. 100.0 54.3 45.6 5.9 4.5 3.7 1.7 ................... 4.6 8.7 16.1 

1966 .................. 100.0 55.4 44.5 5.7 4.8 3.6 1.6 ................... 4.4 8.3 15.7 

1967 .................. 100.0 57.8 42.1 5.4 4.6 3.4 1.5 2.5 3.9 7.7 12.8 

1968 .................. 100.0 57.5 42.4 5.3 5.1 3.3 1.5 2.7 3.8 7.6 12.7 

1969 .................. 100.0 58.3 41.6 5.4 4.8 3.2 1.5 2.7 3.8 7.6 12.3 

1970 .................. 100.0 55.3 44.6 5.3 5.0 3.3 1.8 3.0 4.2 7.6 14.0 

1971 .................. 100.0 53.8 46.1 5.6 5.3 3.3 2.0 3.3 4.6 8.3 13.4 

1972 .................. 100.0 52.3 47.6 5.5 5.4 3.4 2.2 3.3 5.0 8.7 13.9 

1973 .................. 100.0 50.5 49.4 5.4 6.1 3.5 2.2 3.4 5.1 9.5 13.8 

1974 .................. 100.0 50.0 49.9 5.4 6.6 3.5 2.3 3.4 5.4 9.4 13.6 

1975 .................. 100.0 48.4 51.5 5.6 6.8 3.7 2.3 3.4 5.6 9.9 13.8 

1976 .................. 100.0 46.8 53.1 5.9 7.1 3.7 2.5 3.5 5.8 10.3 14.0 

1977 .................. 100.0 46.2 53.7 6.0 7.3 4.0 2.4 3.4 5.8 10.2 14.3 

1978 .................. 100.0 44.9 55.0 6.2 7.2 3.7 2.4 3.4 5.9 10.2 15.7 

1979 .................. 100.0 44.4 55.5 5.9 7.4 3.5 2.5 3.4 5.7 10.4 16.4 

1980 .................. 100.0 44.4 55.5 5.9 7.5 3.5 2.6 3.3 5.7 10.5 16.1 

1981 .................. 100.0 45.9 54.0 6.0 7.5 3.5 2.5 2.7 5.6 10.8 15.0 

1982 .................. 100.0 46.8 53.1 5.7 7.2 3.7 2.7 2.9 5.6 11.1 13.8 

1983 .................. 100.0 47.5 52.4 5.7 7.0 3.6 2.7 2.9 5.8 11.0 13.3 

1984 .................. 100.0 48.0 51.9 5.4 6.8 3.6 2.8 2.8 6.0 11.0 13.1 

1985 .................. 100.0 49.1 50.8 5.4 6.5 3.5 2.8 2.7 5.8 10.9 12.8 

1986 .................. 100.0 49.0 50.9 5.2 6.3 3.4 3.0 2.8 6.2 11.0 12.8 

1987 .................. 100.0 48.8 51.1 5.2 5.9 3.3 3.1 2.7 6.6 11.2 12.8 

1988 .................. 100.0 47.2 52.7 5.4 5.7 3.5 3.4 2.8 7.2 11.0 13.4 

1989 .................. 100.0 48.0 51.9 5.4 5.6 3.4 3.5 2.9 6.8 10.9 13.0 

1990 .................. 100.0 45.9 54.0 5.4 5.7 3.4 3.7 2.9 7.0 11.0 14.6 

1991 .................. 100.0 45.1 54.8 5.6 5.9 3.6 4.0 3.1 7.4 11.4 13.6 

1992 .................. 100.0 42.7 57.2 5.7 6.1 3.8 4.3 3.1 7.2 11.6 15.0 

1993 .................. 100.0 41.2 58.7 5.7 6.2 3.9 4.5 3.2 7.2 12.4 15.3 

1994 .................. 100.0 40.7 59.2 5.7 6.3 3.8 4.6 3.1 7.4 12.5 15.3 

1995 .................. 100.0 39.8 60.1 5.6 6.5 3.7 5.1 3.1 7.7 13.1 15.0 

1996 .................. 100.0 39.7 60.2 5.6 6.6 3.6 5.6 3.2 7.5 12.9 14.7 

1 1940–1953 data represent estimates for employment in these activities.


269 

Table 17.3—TOTAL EXECUTIVE BRANCH CIVILIAN FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE) EMPLOYEES: 1981–1999 

(excluding Postal Service, in thousands) 


Fiscal Year 

Total 

Executive 

Branch 

Department 


Total 

Agriculture 

Interior 

Justice 



Security 




FTE Employment Subject to Administrative Ceilings 1 

1981 .................. 2,109 947 1,162 117 155 81 56 59 124 214 357 

1982 .................. 2,074 978 1,096 112 147 73 54 60 116 215 319 

1983 .................. 2,074 983 1,091 110 147 73 56 62 119 217 307 

1984 .................. 2,083 999 1,083 109 142 73 58 61 123 219 298 

1985 .................. 2,112 1,029 1,084 107 137 72 61 61 127 221 297 

1986 .................. 2,113 1,041 1,071 103 133 71 63 60 131 221 290 

1987 .................. 2,105 1,032 1,073 103 127 70 66 60 138 221 289 

1988 .................. 2,109 1,007 1,102 107 123 70 71 61 153 221 296 

1989 .................. 2,129 1,023 1,106 110 122 71 76 63 154 212 297 

1990 .................. 2,174 1,006 1,168 111 122 71 79 65 156 214 350 

1991 .................. 2,112 969 1,143 110 126 72 84 66 160 218 307 

Total FTE Employment 

1992 .................. 2,169 973 1,196 113 134 75 92 70 163 229 321 

1993 .................. 2,139 932 1,207 114 136 78 95 69 161 234 319 

1994 .................. 2,053 868 1,184 110 132 76 95 66 157 233 314 

1995 .................. 1,970 822 1,148 104 129 72 98 63 157 228 297 

1996 .................. 1,892 779 1,113 101 126 67 104 62 151 222 280 

1997 2 .............. 1,881 760 1,121 102 128 71 113 64 148 215 280 

1998 2 .............. 1,856 733 1,122 100 128 71 122 65 148 211 278 

Limitation on Executive Branch FTE Employment 

1999 .................. 1,882 ...................... ................... ................... ................... ................... ................... ................... ................... ................... ................... 

1 FTE levels between 1981–1991 excluded students in stay-in-school, Federal Junior Fellowship, Summer Aid, Cooperative Work Study and other programs. 

2 Budget estimates.


Table 17.4—TOTAL EXECUTIVE BRANCH CIVILIAN FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE) EMPLOYEES: 1981–1998 

(excluding Postal Service, as a percent of total executive branch) 


Fiscal Year 

Total 

Executive 

Branch 

Department 


Total 

Agriculture 

Interior 

Justice 



Security 




FTE Employment Subject to Administrative Ceilings 1 

1981 .................. 100.0 44.8 55.1 5.5 7.3 3.8 2.6 2.7 5.8 10.1 16.9 

1982 .................. 100.0 47.1 52.8 5.3 7.0 3.5 2.5 2.9 5.5 10.3 15.3 

1983 .................. 100.0 47.4 52.5 5.2 7.0 3.5 2.6 2.9 5.7 10.4 14.8 

1984 .................. 100.0 47.9 52.0 5.2 6.8 3.5 2.7 2.9 5.9 10.4 14.3 

1985 .................. 100.0 48.7 51.2 5.0 6.5 3.4 2.8 2.8 6.0 10.4 14.0 

1986 .................. 100.0 49.2 50.7 4.8 6.2 3.3 2.9 2.8 6.1 10.4 13.7 

1987 .................. 100.0 49.0 50.9 4.8 6.0 3.3 3.1 2.8 6.5 10.4 13.7 

1988 .................. 100.0 47.7 52.2 5.0 5.8 3.3 3.3 2.9 7.2 10.4 14.0 

1989 .................. 100.0 48.0 51.9 5.1 5.7 3.3 3.5 2.9 7.2 9.9 13.9 

1990 .................. 100.0 46.2 53.7 5.0 5.6 3.2 3.6 2.9 7.1 9.8 16.0 

1991 .................. 100.0 45.8 54.1 5.2 5.9 3.4 3.9 3.1 7.5 10.3 14.5 

Total FTE Employment 

1992 .................. 100.0 44.8 55.1 5.2 6.1 3.4 4.2 3.2 7.5 10.5 14.7 

1993 .................. 100.0 43.5 56.4 5.3 6.3 3.6 4.4 3.2 7.5 10.9 14.9 

1994 .................. 100.0 42.2 57.7 5.3 6.4 3.7 4.6 3.2 7.6 11.3 15.2 

1995 .................. 100.0 41.7 58.2 5.2 6.5 3.6 4.9 3.2 7.9 11.5 15.0 

1996 .................. 100.0 41.1 58.8 5.3 6.6 3.5 5.4 3.3 7.9 11.7 14.8 

1997 2 .............. 100.0 40.3 59.6 5.4 6.7 3.7 6.0 3.4 7.8 11.4 14.8 

1998 2 .............. 100.0 39.5 60.4 5.3 6.8 3.8 6.5 3.4 7.9 11.3 14.9 

1 FTE levels between 1981–1991 excluded students in stay-in-school, Federal Junior Fellowship, Summer Aid, Cooperative Work Study and other programs. 

2 Budget estimates.


271 

Table 17.5—GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION: 1962–1996 

Government employment 

Population 

Year 

Executive 

branch 

civilians 

(thousands) 

Uniformed 

military 

personnel 

(thousands) 

Federal 1 

Legislative 

and judicial 

branch 

personnel 

(thousands) 

Total Federal 

personnel 

(thousands) 

State and local 

governments 2 

(thousands) 

All governmental 

units (thousands) 

Federal 

Executive 

Branch civilian 

as a percent of 

all 

governmental 

units 

Total United 

States 3 

(thousands) 

Federal 

Executive 

Branch 

civilian 

employment 

per 1,000 

population 

1962 ........................................... 2,485 2,840 30 5,354 6,549 11,903 20.9 186,538 13.3 

1963 4 ....................................... 2,498 2,732 30 5,260 6,868 12,128 20.6 189,242 13.2 

1964 4 ....................................... 2,470 2,719 31 5,220 7,248 12,468 19.8 191,889 12.9 

1965 ........................................... 2,496 2,687 32 5,215 7,696 12,911 19.3 194,303 12.8 

1966 ........................................... 2,726 3,129 33 5,888 8,221 14,109 19.3 196,560 13.9 

1967 ........................................... 2,968 3,413 34 6,416 8,673 15,089 19.7 198,712 14.9 

1968 ........................................... 3,020 3,584 35 6,639 9,102 15,741 19.2 200,706 15.0 

1969 5 ....................................... 3,040 3,499 36 6,575 9,437 16,012 19.0 202,677 15.0 

1970 6 ....................................... 2,944 3,104 38 6,085 9,822 15,907 18.5 205,052 14.4 

1971 6 ....................................... 2,883 2,752 40 5,675 10,184 15,859 18.2 207,661 13.9 

1972 ........................................... 2,823 2,360 42 5,225 10,649 15,874 17.8 209,896 13.4 

1973 ........................................... 2,781 2,289 44 5,113 11,069 16,182 17.2 211,909 13.1 

1974 ........................................... 2,847 2,198 46 5,091 11,446 16,537 17.2 213,854 13.3 

1975 ........................................... 2,848 2,164 49 5,061 11,937 16,998 16.8 215,973 13.2 

1976 ........................................... 2,833 2,119 50 5,002 12,138 17,140 16.5 218,035 13.0 

1977 7 ....................................... 2,840 2,112 53 5,005 12,400 17,405 16.3 220,239 12.9 

1978 ........................................... 2,875 2,099 55 5,028 12,920 17,948 16.0 222,585 12.9 

1979 ........................................... 2,823 2,063 53 4,939 13,174 18,113 15.6 225,055 12.5 

1980 6 ....................................... 2,821 2,090 55 4,965 13,375 18,340 15.4 227,726 12.4 

1981 6 ....................................... 2,806 2,122 54 4,982 13,259 18,241 15.4 229,966 12.2 

1982 ........................................... 2,770 2,147 55 4,972 13,098 18,070 15.3 232,188 11.9 

1983 ........................................... 2,820 2,163 56 5,039 13,096 18,135 15.6 234,307 12.0 

1984 ........................................... 2,854 2,178 56 5,088 13,216 18,304 15.6 236,348 12.1 

1985 ........................................... 3,008 2,190 58 5,256 13,519 18,775 16.0 238,466 12.6 

1986 ........................................... 2,966 2,206 55 5,228 13,794 19,022 15.6 240,651 12.3 

1987 ........................................... 3,030 2,213 58 5,301 14,067 19,368 15.6 242,804 12.5 

1988 ........................................... 3,054 2,176 59 5,289 14,415 19,704 15.5 245,021 12.5 

1989 ........................................... 3,064 2,168 60 5,292 14,791 20,083 15.3 247,342 12.4 

1990 6 ....................................... 3,067 2,106 61 5,234 15,219 20,453 15.0 249,913 12.3 

1991 6 ....................................... 3,048 2,040 64 5,152 15,436 20,588 14.8 252,650 12.1 

1992 ........................................... 3,017 1,848 66 4,931 15,675 20,606 14.6 255,419 11.8 

1993 ........................................... 2,947 1,744 66 4,758 15,926 20,684 14.2 258,137 11.4 

1994 ........................................... 2,908 1,648 63 4,620 16,258 20,878 13.9 260,660 11.2 

1995 ........................................... 2,858 1,555 62 4,475 16,489 20,964 13.6 263,034 10.9 

1996 ........................................... 2,786 1,507 61 4,354 16,669 21,023 13.3 265,253 10.5 

1 Covers total end-of-year civilian employment of full-time permanent, temporary, part-time, and intermittent employees. Executive branch includes the Postal Service, and, beginning 

in 1970, includes various disadvantaged youth and worker-trainee programs. 

2 From the Current Employment Statistics program, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. 

3 Population estimates appear in the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1996 

4 Excludes 7,411 project employees in 1963 and 406 project employees in 1964 for the public works acceleration program. 

5 On Jan. 1, 1969, 42,000 civilian technicians of the Army and Air Force National Guard converted by law from State to Federal employment status. They are included in the 

Federal employment figures in this table starting with 1969. 

6 Includes temporary employees for the decennial census. 

7 Data for 1961 through 1976 are as of June 30; starting in 1977, data are as of September 30.

EOP Historical Tables of the U.S. Budget - Social Sciences Division

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