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166 Natural Resources and Environmental Issues Volume VII public. A computer vendor provided supplemental funding to assist in producing CD-ROMs containing PHASE compressions for general distribution. A single CD-ROM not only accommodated PHASE compressions for the whole state, but a variety of other GIS data like roads, hydrology, and county boundaries as well. Since a PHASE formulation compacts an earth view in several image bands down to a byte, this compact disk is called a Terrabyte CD. The Terrabyte CD is configured for viewing and analysis via the commercial ArcView GIS by Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) of Redlands, CA. Among its many other potential uses, the Terrabyte CD offers the computer vendor a good promotional for running GIS systems on its line of computers. Several other partners also contributed buy-in and in-kind support to this production effort. In a spirit of open GIS, ESRI has also recently made its new ArcExplorer GIS viewing facility available for downloading on the Web at the www.esri.com/arcexplorer address. ArcExplorer handles GeoTIFF image-map files. Plans are in place to reformat the Terrabyte files from grid coverages to GeoTIFF on another CD-ROM so that they become accessible to organizations such as public schools that cannot normally mount substantial GIS capability. Another possibility for viewing in the absence of a regular GIS lies in the MultiSpec software that the LARS group at Purdue University makes available under NASA sponsorship for downloading via the Web at the http://dynamo.ecn.purdue.edu/ ~biehl/MultiSpec/ address. The MultiSpec viewer accommodates PHASE files as a thematic form, with a current limit of 230 clusters. It should also be mentioned that the PHASE software provides for partitioning and reassembly of image files to allow transport when high capacity removable media are not available. MODELING LANDSCAPE VIEWS UNDER PROSPEC- TIVE MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS The PHASE approach would also enable a relatively simple and straightforward adaptation of cellular (raster) GIS for modeling overhead views of landscapes under alternative management scenarios. This possibility arises from PHASE generation of several different color renderings for a landscape. Some investigation of a PHASE landscape view in the manner of unsupervised classification analysis should serve to determine cluster identification number for a sample of each land cover type under study. The PHASE files can then be consulted to determine the corresponding color scheme for each of the land types. The next step would be to set up a parcel identification grid for the landscape under study. Each parcel could then be assigned to a land cover type in accordance with the prospective management, and a lookup table used to colorize the respective parcels accordingly. Such modeled landscape views could go a long way toward lending spatial perspective to linear programming exercises as typically conducted in forest management classes. They would be especially valuable for considering the effects of management strategies on habitat integrity and connectivity. When used in conjunction with topographic maps or digital terrain models, they would likewise help to reveal the visual impacts of management on landscapes. PHASE formulations further support adaptations of most analyses that are conventionally conducted on multiband digital image datasets. PHASE compression also has the effect of inducing explicit spatial structure, whereas spatial structure is only implicit in the original image data. The explicit spatial structure can be analyzed directly with the FRAGSTATS software of McGarigal and Marks (1995), which would not be possible for the original data without doing an intermediate classification. LITERATURE CITED Forman, R. T. T. 1995. Land mosaics: the ecology of landscapes and regions. Cambridge Univ. Press. Forman, R. T. T. and M. Godron. 1986. Landscape ecology. New York: Wiley. Kelly, P. and J. White. 1993. Preprocessing remotely-sensed data for efficient analysis and classification. Applications of Artificial Intelligence 1993: Knowledge-Based Systems in Aerospace and Industry. Proceedings SPIE 1993, pp. 24-30. McGarigal, K. and B. Marks. 1995. FRAGSTATS: Spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Tech. Rept. PNW-GTR-351. Myers, W. 1997. PHASE approach to remote sensing and quantitative spatial data. Report ER9710, Environmental Resources Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802. Myers, W., et al. 1997. PHASE formulation of synoptic multivariate landscape data. Technical Report Number 97- 1102, Center for Statistical Ecology and Environmental Statistics, Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802.
NATURAL RESOURCE EDUCATION: GETTING FOREST PRODUCTS WORKERS INTO THE FLOW Mark D. Reed 1 , Jeffry C. Hino 2 , Elizabeth A. Littlefield 3 , Edward C. Jensen 4 1 Instructional Design and Media Production Specialist, 2 Assistant Director, 3 Instructional Design and Media Production Specialist, 4 Associate Professor and Director, Forestry Media Center, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, 248 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-5702 e-mail reedm@ccmail.orst.edu. ABSTRACT: The forest products industry employs over 1.4 million people in the U.S.; it ranks among the top ten manufacturing employers in 46 states. Surprisingly, a recent survey of U.S. forest products workers revealed substantial ignorance and misperceptions about forests and forestry issues. Despite this, few educational programs are targeted at this audience. The Oregon Forest Resources Institute has teamed up with Oregon State University’s Forestry Media Center to fill this gap with Project FLOW (Forestry Learning Opportunities for Workers). Phase one of this project, completed in summer 1997, analyzed the current status of forestry educational opportunities for forest workers in Oregon: existing educational activities, opportunities for new programs, and obstacles to implementing new programs. A mail-in survey, sent to human resource officers or chief executives of 590 forest products businesses in Oregon, indicated that it was important for forest workers to have reliable information about forestry topics. However, fewer than half those responding said that their company currently distributes educational materials or provides on-the-job learning opportunities. Principal obstacles cited were lack of time during the workday, lack of staff, and lack of relevant and effective educational materials. Phase two of this project will use the survey data, as well as information collected from focus groups, site visits and telephone conversations with key stakeholders, to develop and pilot-test learning materials in various formats. We anticipate that materials developed through this project will have wide application throughout the United States – and that better-informed workers are likely to become better individual decision makers and more effective ambassadors for sound forest management. INTRODUCTION Public questionnaires commonly indicate widespread misinformation about natural resources. Surprisingly, many workers in the forest products industry share these misperceptions, even though their work puts them much closer to the subject than the average citizen. For example, 56% of forest products workers estimated the percentage of paper that is recycled in the U.S. to be one-half or less of what it actually is (Bowyer 1995). The forest products industry employs over 1.4 American workers, placing it among the top ten manufacturing employers in 46 of 50 states (Bowyer 1995). In Oregon, it employs about 52,000 workers (OLMIS 1997). Although many educational materials on forestry topics are available, few seem to be targeted specifically at this audience. The Oregon Forest Resources Institute (OFRI) is a state agency charged with communicating reliable forestry information to all Oregonians. OFRI recently identified forest products workers as one group who could benefit from their work. Their five-year strategic plan (OFRI 1996) stated that “providing [industry] employees with reliable information will help them better understand the condition and future of Oregon forests, and make them more comfortable communicating about… our forests.” The College of Forestry at Oregon State University (OSU) is widely regarded by Oregonians as the state’s most trustworthy source of forestry information (Hibbitts 1997). About twothirds of those polled said they placed a “great deal” or a “fair amount” of trust in OSU’s forest scientists. No other group, except for state forestry officials, was trusted by more than one-third of those polled.
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The Upper Midwest Regional Capstone
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