ASNT Level III- Visual & Optical Testing

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PART 5: REPLICATION 5.0 General Replication is a valuable tool for the analysis of fracture surfaces and microstructures and for documentation of corrosion damage and wear. There is also potential for uses of replication in other forms of surface testing. Replication is a method used for copying the topography of a surface that cannot be moved or one that would be damaged in transferal. A police officer making a plaster cast of a tire print at an accident scene or a scientist malting a cast of a fossilized footprint are common examples of replication. These replicas produce a negative topographic image of the subject known as a single stage replica. A positive replica made from the first cast to produce a duplicate of the original surface is called a second stage replica. Many replicating mediums are commercially available. The types commonly used in nondestructive testing typically fall into one of two categories: cellulose acetate replicas and silicone rubber replicas. Both have advantages and limitations but both can also provide valuable information without altering the test object. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
5.1 Cellulose Acetate Replication Acetate replicating material is used for surface cleaning, removal and evaluation of surface debris, fracture surface microanalysis and for microstructural evaluation. Single stage replicas are typically made, creating a negative image of the test surface. A schematic diagram of microstructural replication is shown in Fig. 56. 5.1.1 Cleaning and Debris Analysis Fracture surfaces should be cleaned only when necessary. Cleaning is required when the test surface holds loose debris that could hinder analysis and that cannot be removed with a thy air blast. Cleaning debris from fracture surfaces is useful when the test object is the debris itself or the fracture surface. Debris removed from a fracture can be coated with carbon and analyzed using energy dispersive spectroscopy. This provides a semiquantitative analysis when a particular element is suspected of contributing to the fracture. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Page 7 and 8: SECTION 4: BASIC AIDS AND ACCESSORI
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Page 59 and 60: Temperature indicating sticks were
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6.3 Applications for Temperature In
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6.3.2 Verifying Oven Temperatures T
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6.3.4 Process Control Applications
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6.3.6 Precise Post forming Heat Con
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Another example of handforrning is
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6.3.7 Pipeline Coatings Epoxy powde
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The most common use for temperature
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FIGURE 67. Temperature indicating s
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PART 7: CHEMICAL AIDS 7.0 General T
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7.1 Test Object Selection Figure 68
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7.2 Surface Preparation Preparation
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7.2.2 Removing Rust and Scale Rust
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If the required finish cannot be ac
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FIGURE 70. Example of contrast reve
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7.3.2 Safety Precautions Etchants a
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Etchant Safety Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Etchant Safety Charlie Chong/ Fion
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7.3.3 Containers Containers used wi
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1. add the acid or alkali to the wa
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7.3.6 Disposal Before disposing of
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7.4.2 Swabbing Etching may also be
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7.4.4 Test Object Preservation Rins
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7.5 Conclusion Visual testing is pe
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Cellulose Replica Sheets Charlie Ch
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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ASNT Level III- Visual & Optical Testing

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