Technical Guide to EcoSan Promotion

3.3.2 Current design and costs of UDDs in Kenya.......................................40
3.4 Operation & Maintenance.......................................................................48
3.5 Use of UDDTs for agricultural production at household level...............48
3.5.1 Using urine as a fertilizer.....................................................................48
3.5.2 Using faeces as a fertilizer...................................................................49
3.6 VIP Latrine.............................................................................................50
Chapter 4: Technical Construction, Management, Operation &
Maintenance Guide OnBio Digester-Baffle Reactor Systems (BDBR)...........51
4.1 Introduction.............................................................................................52
4.2 Basic Principles of Anaerobic Fermentation...........................................52
4.3 Design Procedure of fixed dome biogas digesters..................................54
Chapter 5: Other EcoSan Technologies..................................................63
5.1 The Fossa Alterna...................................................................................64
5.1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................64
5.1.2 Suitability of the technology................................................................65
5.1.3 Maintenance ........................................................................................65
5.2 Anaerobic Filter.......................................................................................66
5.3 Constructed wetlands..............................................................................68
5.3.1 Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland............................................68
5.3.2 Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland..............................70
5.3.3 Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland......................................................72
Chapter 6: Ecological Sanitation with Case examples for
Kenyan Schools...............................................................................................75
6.1 Introduction.............................................................................................76
6.2 Case examples of schools using EcoSan technology..............................78
6.2.1 Khaimba Primary School in Butere, Kenya........................................ 78
6.2.2 Gachoire Girls High School in Nairobi, Kenya...................................79
6.3 Challenges and way forward with ecosan systems in Kenyan Schools..81
6.4 Conclusion.............................................................................................. 81
6.5 Direct Impact of Pilot Activities.............................................................82
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