Improved crop production is noted when one drum of urine collected per week in school units and 20 litres per week in household units are used. Urine fertilized fields have better yields and are not infested with pests. One person generates enough fertilizer <strong>to</strong> produce 250 kg of cereals per yr.
<strong>Technical</strong> <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>EcoSan</strong> <strong>Promotion</strong> References Arnold (2008). Finance for Sanitation - Financial benefits and limits of the <strong>EcoSan</strong> <strong>to</strong>ilet in Kenya, unpublished study works Conant, J. (2005). Sanitation and Cleanliness for a Healthy Environment. Hesperian Foundation, UNDP, Sida. Conant, J. (2005). Sanitation and Cleanliness for a Healthy Environment, Hesperian Foundation, UNDP, Sida. Costford (2007). Cost Effective Construction Technology at COSTFORD. Available at: http://59.92.116.99/website/RDC/docsweb/Booklet-Laurie%20Baker/3.The % 20 Legacy /3c- Cost % 20 effective % 20 construction % 20 technology .pdf. Last reviewed Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 11, 2008 VinnerÂs, B. Jˆnsson, H. Salomon, E. and Stintzing, A.R. 2003. Tentative guidelines for agricultural urine and faeces in Ecosan – closing the loop. Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on ecological sanitation, incorporating the 1st IWA specialist group conference on sustainable sanitation, 7th – 11th April 2003, L¸beck, Germany. Oduor A.R. and Malesu M.M. 2005. Managing Water for Food Self-sufficiency. Summary of seminar proceedings for World Vision Staff. Nairobi, Kenya. Tilley, Elizabeth et al, 2008. Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). D¸bendorf, Switzerland. Esrey, Steven A., Andersson, Ingvar et al. (2003). Closing the Loop – Ecological sanitation for food security. Schertenleib R. and Morel A. (2003). The Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation Approach (HCES). Paper presented at the 3rd World Water Forum, Kyo<strong>to</strong>, 16 – 23 March 2003. Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC), D¸bendorf, Switzerland. WHO and UNICEF (2006). Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target. The Urban and Rural Challenge of the Decade. Geneva, Switzerland. Otieno M. O., Elisabeth V.M., Arnold K., and Gert B. 2010. Viability of ecological sanitation in urban areas in Kenya -a case study of Nakuru <strong>to</strong>wn. Nieuwehaven Gouda and UNESCO- IHE, Delft, The Netherlands. Odhiambo, J. O., Martinsson, E., Soren, S., Mboya, P. and Onyango, J. 2008. Integrated water, energy and sanitation solution for stand alone settlements, Conference on Water and Sanitation in International Development and Disaster Relief. University of Edinburg in Edinburg, UK 2008, http://www2.gtz.de/dokumente/oe44/ecosan/nl/en-kenia-standalone-settlement-iwess-gtz-paper- 2008.pdf. 87