Systems Analysis of Zaragoza Urban Water - SWITCH - Managing ...
Systems Analysis of Zaragoza Urban Water - SWITCH - Managing ...
Systems Analysis of Zaragoza Urban Water - SWITCH - Managing ...
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<strong>Systems</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zaragoza</strong> UWS<br />
Guillermo Penagos<br />
4 Results<br />
4.1 Data availability and information gaps<br />
In order to improve processes it is necessary to get a set <strong>of</strong> data that describes such<br />
processes as best as possible. Therefore, one <strong>of</strong> the goals <strong>of</strong> this research was to<br />
identify current information gaps that need to be filled in order for <strong>Zaragoza</strong><br />
municipality and other stakeholders to get a better picture <strong>of</strong> the weaknesses and<br />
strengths <strong>of</strong> the urban water system, which will significantly contribute to set up<br />
priorities. The following are the information gaps identified to be important in this<br />
research:<br />
1. Groundwater recharge<br />
2. Parasitic water to the sewers<br />
3. Storm water quantity and quality<br />
4. Industrial vs Domestic contribution to pollution loads to the sewage<br />
5. Actual leakage in the distribution network<br />
6. Distribution and Sewer network modeling<br />
Both distribution and sewer network are fully mapped and implemented in a GIS,<br />
which is <strong>of</strong> high potential for covering information gaps and improve water<br />
management.<br />
Annex 1 lists the information necessary for LCA and its availability at <strong>Zaragoza</strong><br />
municipality. The frequency <strong>of</strong> measurements or samplings, the type <strong>of</strong> data and the<br />
aggregation level are also described. Most data are available from 2000, previous<br />
data exists as hardcopies deposited in archives which were not assessed due to time<br />
limitation for this M Sc project. Most data gathered were measured with some<br />
exceptions were estimations were made from printed reports. Since no modeling has<br />
been implemented by the Municipality to any <strong>of</strong> the UWS process there are no<br />
modeled data.<br />
4.2 General features <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zaragoza</strong> UWS<br />
Figure 2 shows the flow diagram for <strong>Zaragoza</strong> UWS, including a water balance and<br />
material inputs (chemical products) and outputs (sludge). The general features <strong>of</strong> this<br />
water system are summarized in this figure where 8 levels are recognized: (1) water<br />
inputs which includes storm water, tap water source, agriculture irrigation and<br />
groundwater; (2) drinking water treatment process; (3) distribution system; (4) <strong>Water</strong><br />
20
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