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THE LAST WORD<br />
Making a Local<br />
Education Program<br />
Work-Part II<br />
By Paul A. Cuomo, P.L.S.<br />
I<br />
N MY LAST article I discussed<br />
how a <strong>CLSA</strong> Chapter provided the<br />
impetus <strong>for</strong> a successful Community<br />
College Surveying Program. I<br />
stated that the first contact should be<br />
made by the local surveying community<br />
since the schools do not recognize<br />
the need <strong>for</strong> such a program. Be<strong>for</strong>e the<br />
school agrees to provide support, you<br />
will have to provide curricula including<br />
detailed class outlines, a list of instructors,<br />
and required textbooks. <strong>The</strong><br />
minimum program offered should be a<br />
two-semester course in Plane Surveying.<br />
(Survey 1A, IB; Plumb Bob 1 & 2;<br />
or whatever). <strong>The</strong>se courses should<br />
contain lessons in chaining, instrument<br />
use, topo surveying, note keeping, safe<br />
field practice, mapping standards and<br />
procedures, horizontal and vertical<br />
curves, traversing, and a smattering of<br />
the U.S. Public Land Survey System.<br />
Other lessons should include use of the<br />
hand-held calculator and EDM and<br />
data collectors. Most schools do not<br />
have the equipment <strong>for</strong> this type of<br />
class. Besides borrowing things from<br />
the local surveying firms, some other<br />
sources are local <strong>CLSA</strong> chapter's education<br />
fund, local ACSM section, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia<br />
Foundations <strong>for</strong> Land Surveying<br />
Education, local vendors (they sometimes<br />
give a sizeable education discount),<br />
and private donations. Fund<br />
raisers, such as golf tournaments,<br />
equipments fairs, and seminars could<br />
be put on to raise money <strong>for</strong> the program.<br />
With the state budget in such<br />
poor shape, these types of activities are<br />
becoming the only way a program will<br />
be able to support itself.<br />
If you are going to expand the program<br />
into higher level classes, I suggest<br />
that a boundary control, a land description,<br />
and an advanced survey<br />
problem class be offered. Another excellent<br />
topic is survey mapping and office<br />
practice. This is a new class just being<br />
developed. (I will expand on these<br />
in my next article.)<br />
<strong>The</strong> biggest obstacle that needs to be<br />
overcome is finding capable instructors.<br />
<strong>The</strong> plane surveying courses are<br />
the backbone of the program. <strong>The</strong>y provide<br />
the necessary background and incentive<br />
<strong>for</strong> the student to move on into<br />
the profession. <strong>The</strong> key to a successful<br />
and meaningful experience <strong>for</strong> the student<br />
is how well the instructor is prepared<br />
and organized. <strong>The</strong>re are plenty<br />
of class outlines and materials available<br />
<strong>for</strong> new instructors to follow. Lack of<br />
material is not a problem. I'm sure that<br />
a call to Richard Buchholz, Mike Welch,<br />
Mitch Duryea, Billy Martin, Hal<br />
Walker, Roy Minnick, or a host of others<br />
will get you all the class material<br />
you will ever need. How well the material<br />
is put to use is what really counts.<br />
Another key to the success of the plane<br />
surveying course is the requirement<br />
that the students have a background in<br />
trigonometry. This should be a prerequisite<br />
and rigidly en<strong>for</strong>ced.<br />
As your program expands you<br />
should put an A.A. or Certificate Program<br />
in place. A Surveying and Mapping<br />
Certificate Program should include<br />
twenty-five to thirty units of<br />
surveying and surveying related<br />
courses and should be chosen from the<br />
following list: Plane Surveying 2, Advanced<br />
Problems (Cali<strong>for</strong>nia Coordinates,<br />
Astronomy, Photogrammetry,<br />
Geodesy, etc.) Land Descriptions,<br />
Boundary Control, U.S. Public Lands,<br />
Control Surveying, Survey Office<br />
Practice, Route Surveying, Trigonometry,<br />
and Map Drafting. <strong>The</strong>re programs<br />
are in place now at Rancho Santiago<br />
Community College, Community College<br />
of San Francisco, Santa Rosa Junior<br />
College, and Evergreen Valley College<br />
in San Jose.<br />
In my next article I will discuss the<br />
development of higher level courses<br />
and the needs of the students that attend<br />
these programs. ©<br />
Copyright<br />
CONTINUED FROM PACE 45<br />
INFRINGEMENT OF<br />
COPYRIGHT<br />
<strong>The</strong> copyright owner is entitled to institute<br />
an action <strong>for</strong> infringement of<br />
copyright against anyone who exercises<br />
the exclusive privileges of the<br />
copyright owner as set <strong>for</strong>th above.<br />
<strong>The</strong> owner of the copyright is entitled<br />
to (1) an injunction to prevent further<br />
infringement, and (2) damages in the<br />
amount of the actual damages<br />
proved plus the infringer's profits or<br />
statutory damages in the amount of<br />
up to $10,000 if the infringement is innocent<br />
or up to $50,000 if the infringement<br />
is willful. An infringement<br />
action must be commenced<br />
within three years after the infringement<br />
claim accrued.<br />
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS<br />
Unpublished and unregistered works<br />
which were created be<strong>for</strong>e January 1,<br />
1978, can still be registered under the<br />
auspices of the Copyright Act of 1976.<br />
Duration of the surveyor's copyright<br />
in such works is slightly different<br />
than that expressed above, but in no<br />
case will the copyright expire be<strong>for</strong>e<br />
December 31, 2002. Unregistered<br />
works which were created be<strong>for</strong>e<br />
1978 but which have been generally<br />
published, i.e., distributed to the public-at-large<br />
have lost their copyright<br />
protection. New or updated copies of<br />
works properly noticed, registered<br />
and published be<strong>for</strong>e 1978 may bear<br />
copyright notice that was acceptable<br />
either under the old law or that which<br />
is required by the new law.<br />
Strong contract language in any<br />
contract will give the surveyor a remedy<br />
against the other contracting<br />
party be it the client, an employee, or<br />
consultant. It is suggested that language<br />
be added to contracts which<br />
cover any indicated situation.<br />
Finally, it is well to note that are<br />
other remedies <strong>for</strong> misappropriation<br />
or misuse of surveys. Court actions<br />
based upon unfair competition,<br />
breach of contract, and restitution<br />
are viable remedies through which a<br />
surveyor may recover damages.<br />
Reprinted from the June 1982 Journal of the<br />
Florida Society of Professional Land<br />
<strong>Surveyor</strong>s. ©<br />
46 <strong>The</strong> Cali<strong>for</strong>nia <strong>Surveyor</strong> Winter/Spring 1992