Rural Historic Structural Survey - Will County Land Use

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Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. The three advertisements at left all date from 1898, early in the period of farming mechanization. Along with barbed wire, woven wire fencing was invented in Illinois. (All illustrations from Souvenir Sketch of the Wheatland Plowing Match with Programme for Meeting of 1898 (Joliet, Illinois: Republican Printing Co., 1898).) The Joliet Manufacturing Company had been in business for at least 35 years by the time this advertisement was published, building “a large number of Reapers and Mowers, Corn Shellers, etc.” 64 64 B.F. Russell, “Will County,” Transactions of the Illinois State Agricultural Society, Volume VI, 1865–66 (Springfield, Illinois: Baker, Bailhache and Co., 1868), 256. Will County Rural Historic Structural Survey Du Page Township Chapter I – 25
Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. Above left is Rascher’s Birds Eye View of the Chicago Packing Houses & Union Stock Yards (Charles Rascher, 1890; Library of Congress collection). Above right is a historic postcard view of the stockyards (author’s collection). By 1890, there were 3,452 farms in the county. This number remained fairly constant over the next 30 years (3,584 in 1900, 3,588 in 1910, and 3,385 in 1920). 65 The average value of a southern Illinois farm in 1910 was $15,000; in the northern part of the state it was $20,700. The value of farm products measured in dollars rose from $186 million in 1896 to $277 million annually in 1912; this was accompanied by an increase in production of field crops by 70 percent and 76 percent respectively for those years. During this time, wheat, rye, and oat production was on the decline. Livestock production remained fairly constant in overall value but sales of animals decreased by 50 percent during this period. Vegetable production was led by root crops like potatoes, turnips, and carrots. Of orchard fruits, apples had the greatest production. 66 The two maps illustrated above show the production of corn (left) and wheat (right) as recorded by the 1900 federal census. Northern Illinois lies in the heart of the “corn belt,” while for wheat production there is a noticeable void in the map. (Twelfth Census of the United States: 1900, Census of Agriculture (Washington, D.C.: 1901).) Twentieth Century Developments With the development of the gasoline engine and adaptation to the tractor, work on the farm improved considerably. Water could be pumped using gasoline engines instead of depending on the wind to run windmills. Engines also provided power to operate milking machines, grind feed, and run various kinds 65 Eleventh Census of the United States: 1890, Part 3: Agriculture (Washington, D.C.: n.d.); Twelfth Census of the United States: 1900, Census of Agriculture (Washington, D.C.: 1901); and Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920, Agriculture: Part V: General Report and Analytical Tables (Washington, D.C.: 1922). 66 Morrison, Prairie State, A History, 98. Chapter I – 26 Will County Rural Historic Structural Survey Du Page Township
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Rural Historic Structural Survey - Will County Land Use

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