PDF (9.91 MB) - Academy Research - California Academy of Sciences
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No. 16] AMPHIBIANS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 53<br />
Habits.— This salamander usually<br />
is found under rocks, boards,<br />
logs, etc., in damp situations. It is probably nocturnal, for it<br />
seldom if ever is found out in the daytime.<br />
Van Denburgh (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XXXVII, 1898, p.<br />
140), Hubbard (Univ. Calif. Pubi. Zool., I, 1903, p. 157), and<br />
Esterly (Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., I, 1904, p. 227) have given excellent<br />
accounts <strong>of</strong> their observations upon this species.<br />
Ensatina croceater<br />
(Cope)<br />
Sierra Salamander<br />
Plate 8, figure 2<br />
Plethodon croceater Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 210<br />
(type locality, "Fort Tejon", <strong>California</strong> [?]); Cope, Proc. Acad.<br />
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 100; Strauch, Mem. Acad. Imper, Sci.<br />
St. Petersb., Ser. 7, XVI, No. 4, 1870, p. 70; Cope, Bull. U. S.<br />
Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, pp. 27, 92; Smith, The Tailed Amphibians<br />
including the Cascilians, 1877, p. 68; Lockington, Amer.<br />
Naturalist, XIV, 1880, p. 295; Boulenger, Cat. Batrach. Grad.<br />
Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 55; Yarrow, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 24,<br />
1883, p. 192; Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 32, 1887, p. 9;<br />
Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 150; Van Denburgh,<br />
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, V, 1895, p. 561; Van<br />
Denburgh, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, VI, No. 7, 1916. p.<br />
220; Grinnell & Camp, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., XVII, No. 10,<br />
1917, p. 132; Stejneger & Barbour, Check List N. Amer. Amph.<br />
Kept., 1917, p. 14; Nei^son, Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., XVI, 1921,<br />
p. 113; Schmidt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XLVI, Art. XI,<br />
1922, pp. 612, 615, 632.<br />
Ensatina croceater Stejneger & Barbour, Check List N. Amer.<br />
Amph. Kept., 1923, p. 12; Pratt, Verteb. Animals <strong>of</strong> the U. S.,<br />
1923, p. 160; Dunn, Proc. New England Zool. Club, VII, 1923.<br />
p. 39; Dunn, Copeia, 1924, No. 133, p. 76; Storer. Univ. Calif.<br />
Publ, Zool., XXVII, 1925, p. 104; Dunn, Anniv. Pubis. Smith<br />
College, 1926, p. 185; Klauber, Zool. Soc. San Diego, Bull. No.<br />
3, 1927, p. 2.<br />
Description. — General form rather stout and thick-set, limbs<br />
stout and well developed, tail strongly compressed distally. Head<br />
somewhat depressed, about width <strong>of</strong> widest part <strong>of</strong> body. Snout<br />
rounded or truncate when seen from above, rounded and overhanging<br />
in pr<strong>of</strong>ile. Eyes large and prominent, separated anteriorly bv<br />
nearly twice the length <strong>of</strong> the orbital slit. Nostrils small, near corners<br />
<strong>of</strong> snout, separated by their distance from pupil. A nasolabial<br />
groove descending to margin <strong>of</strong> lip, where it sometimes forks. Line<br />
<strong>of</strong> lip nearly straight, but descending slightly below corner <strong>of</strong> snout<br />
and behind eye. Vomerine teeth in two curved series, beginning<br />
September 15, 1928