PhD Thesis, 2007 - University College Cork

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Chapter 6 water and energy budgets Figure 6.1. Map of the study site, with catchment borders. Stream catchment area = 95 ha. (EC = eddy-covariance) 6.4 Methods 6.4.1 Stream flow measurements Stream flow was measured at the outfall of the stream draining the pristine central part of the peatland. The stream stage was continuously recorded at a frequency of 30 minutes using a Thalimedes water level recorder (OTT, Germany), during the 12-month period, 10 th October 2003 to 9 th October 2004. The discharge was manually measured on 17 occasions with a current metre (C 20, OTT, Germany) at a rectangular shaped cross section of the stream. The rating curve is shown in Figure 6.2, with a best equation of the form: Q ) b = a * ( h − c (6.1) 85
Chapter 6 water and energy budgets where Q is the stream discharge, h is the stream stage, a, b and c are parameters. The stream stage records were converted to continuous discharge data using equation (1). The R 2 of the relationship was 0.95. 0.5 Q vs. h Q=a*(h-c)^b 0.4 Q [m 3 s -1 ] 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 h [m] Figure 6.2. Rating curve to transform stream stage height in stream discharge. The R 2 of the relationship is 0.95. 6.4.2 Meteorological measurements Meteorological variables were measured in the centre of the bog at the EC/meteorological tower (Figure 6.1). The meteorological equipment included a net radiometer (CNR 1, Kipp & Zonen, the Netherlands) and a sensor for QPAR, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR Lite, Kipp & Zonen, the Netherlands). Wind speed was recorded with 3-D (Model 81000, R.M. Young Company, USA) and 2-D sonic anemometers (WindSonic, Gill, UK). Air temperature (T air ) and relative humidity were measured at 2 m height with a shielded probe (HMP45C, Vaisala, Finland), while atmospheric pressure was recorded with a barometer (PTB101B, Vaisala, Finland). Soil temperature was measured with a probe (107, Campbell Scientific, UK) at 5 cm (since the 11 th March 2005) and 20 cm below the 86
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Department of Civil and Environment
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Declaration I declare that this the
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A comparison between the four years
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Table of contents DECLARATION I ABS
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4.3.2 Vegetation survey 43 4.3.3 En
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Chapter 1 Introduction blanket bogs
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References Shimoyama, K., Hiyama, T
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References Tahvanainen, T. & Tuomal
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References Vourlitis, G. L. & Oeche
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Appendix 1 Four-year CO 2 fluxes Da
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PhD Thesis, 2007 - University College Cork

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