Object-oriented Software in Ada 95

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278 Input and output Which when run would print the following results: Mike 183 Male Corinna 171 Female Miranda 74 Female 18.4 Switching the default input and output streams It is possible to switch the default input or output stream to another stream using the following procedures in the package Ada.Text_Io. The effect is to change the source or sink from which input and output will come from or go to when using the normal input and output procedures put and get without a File parameter. Procedure Set_Input ( File:in File_Type ) Set_OutPut( File:in File_Type ) Set_Error ( File:in File_Type ) Sets the default Input file descriptor. Output file descriptor. Error file descriptor. As the file descriptor is of type limited private, it may not be directly assigned. However, an access value of the file descriptor can be saved. The following functions return an access value of the standard input and output file descriptors: Function Standard_Input return File_Access; Standard_Output return File_Access; Standard_Error return File_Access; Returns the access Value of the input file descriptor. Value of the output file descriptor. Value of the error file descriptor. 18.4.1 Putting it all together The program first saves an access value to the original default input stream. Then it switches the default input stream to be the file file.txt. After reading and printing the contents of this file the default, input stream is switched back to its original value and the contents of the stream are read and written out. with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io; procedure Main is Fd : Ada.Text_Io.File_Type; --File descriptor P_St_Fd : Ada.Text_Io.File_Access; --Access value of Standard Ch : Character; --Current character begin P_St_Fd := Standard_Input; --Acess value of standard fd Open( File=>Fd, Mode=>In_File, Name=>"file.txt" ); Set_Input( Fd ); while not End_Of_File loop --For each Line while not End_Of_Line loop -- For each character Get(Ch); Put(Ch); -- Read / Write character end loop; Skip_Line; New_Line; -- Next line / new line end loop; Close(Fd); --Close file Set_Input( P_St_Fd.all ); while not End_Of_File loop --For each Line while not End_Of_Line loop --For each character Get(Ch); Put(Ch); --Read / Write character end loop; Skip_Line; New_Line; end loop; end Main; --Next line / new line Note: Notice how .all has been used to de-reference the access value when using the procedure Set_Input. © M A Smith - May not be reproduced without permission
Input and output 279 18.5 Self-assessment • What is the purpose of the package Ada.Sequential_io? • How can you detect if a file does not exist in Ada? • How might input and output in Ada be simplified for the novice user? • How can you write an instance of a record to a file? 18.6 Exercises Construct the following program: • Copy A program to copy a file. A user should be able to run your program by typing: new_copy old_file new_file • Upper case A program to convert a file in upper and lower case to all upper case. A user should be able to run your program by typing: to_upper_case file Note: The program should create an intermediate file then delete the original file and rename the intermediate file to the original file name. This operation should be safe. © M A Smith - May not be reproduced without permission
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Reproduction prohibited without per
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Contents CONTENTS .................
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vi Contents 4.21 EXERCISES.........
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viii Contents 10.1 INTRODUCTION ...
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x Contents 16.8.1 Converting a base
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xii Contents 23.6.3 The specificati
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Preface This book is aimed at stude
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xvi Actual parameter Preface The ph
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xviii Elaboration Preface At run-ti
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xx Object Preface An instance of a
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1 Introduction to programming 1 Int
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Introduction to programming 3 they
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Introduction to programming 5 • T
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Introduction to programming 7 The s
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Introduction to programming 9 Line
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Introduction to programming 11 Cost
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Introduction to programming 13 In t
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Introduction to programming 15 For
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Introduction to programming 17 •
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Software design 19 In software the
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Software design 21 2.4 The class In
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Software design 23 Inheritance diag
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25 Ada introduction: Part 1 3 Ada i
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Ada introduction: Part 1 27 3.3.2 C
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Ada introduction: Part 1 29 can be
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Ada introduction: Part 1 31 with Ad
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Ada introduction: Part 1 33 To inpu
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Ada introduction: Part 1 35 Functio
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Ada introduction: Part 1 37 3.14 Ex
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Note: In reality the floating point
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Ada introduction: Part 2 41 4.4 Mod
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Ada introduction: Part 2 43 4.7.2 I
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Ada introduction: Part 2 45 For exa
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Ada introduction: Part 2 47 When pe
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Ada introduction: Part 2 49 4.12 Co
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Ada introduction: Part 2 51 4.13.1
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Ada introduction: Part 2 53 Note 3
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Ada introduction: Part 2 55 if Ch i
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Ada introduction: Part 2 57 For exa
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Ada introduction: Part 2 59 type Mi
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Procedures and functions 61 The fun
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Procedures and functions 63 The maj
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Procedures and functions 65 Mode Al
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Procedures and functions 67 The pro
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Procedures and functions 69 5.8 Dif
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Procedures and functions 71 Note: T
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6 Packages as classes This chapter
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Packages as classes 75 6.3.1 An obj
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Packages as classes 77 package Clas
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Packages as classes 79 The body of
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Packages as classes 81 Thus without
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Packages as classes 83 6.9 Type pri
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Packages as classes 85 which when r
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Packages as classes 87 The Ada spec
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The main body of the program proces
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Packages as classes 91 The procedur
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Packages as classes 93 Construct th
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Data structures 95 This initializat
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Data structures 97 Then an assignme
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Data structures 99 In Ada a variant
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Data structures 101 7.10 Exercises
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which when combined with appropriat
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Arrays 105 with Ada.Text_Io, Class_
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Arrays 107 8.3.1 Putting it all tog
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Arrays 109 8.4.1 The class Board Th
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Arrays 111 8.4.4 The class Board Th
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Arrays 113 8.4.5 Putting it all tog
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Arrays 115 8.5.2 Attributes of mult
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Arrays 117 The following code would
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Arrays 119 This type is defined in
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Arrays 121 In the implementation of
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Arrays 123 The Ada specification of
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Arrays 125 The function valid check
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9 Case study: Design of a game This
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Case study: Design of a game 129 A
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Case study: Design of a game 131 Co
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Case study: Design of a game 133 Cu
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Case study: Design of a game 135 --
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The specification for the class Cel
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Case study: Design of a game 139 pr
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Case study: Design of a game 141 Th
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Case study: Design of a game 143 Th
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Case study: Design of a game 145 In
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10 Inheritance This chapter introdu
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Two instances of the class Interest
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Inheritance 151 The two classes Acc
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Inheritance 153 which when run, wou
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Inheritance 155 The specialization
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Inheritance 157 Note: The methods o
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Inheritance 159 10.7.1 Putting it a
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Inheritance 161 10.8.1 Implementati
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10.9 Hiding the base class methods
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Inheritance 165 • For an object o
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Exceptions 167 11.1.1 Putting it al
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Exceptions 169 11.3 Private child A
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12 Defining new operators This chap
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Exceptions 173 Using the above pack
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Exceptions 175 The function Rat_Con
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Exceptions 177 12.3.1 Overloading =
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Exceptions 179 The overloaded defin
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Exceptions 181 12.3.5 use type A mo
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13 Exceptions This chapter looks at
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Exceptions 185 Note: The object Eve
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Exceptions 187 A program to demonst
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Exceptions 189 package body Class_S
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14 Generics This chapter looks at g
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Exceptions 193 The above generic pr
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Exceptions 195 14.3 Generic stack T
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Exceptions 197 14.3.1 Putting it al
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Thus, an instantiation of a procedu
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Exceptions 201 14.5 Sorting Some of
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14.6.1 Putting it all together Exce
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Exceptions 205 An efficient impleme
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Exceptions 207 The implementation o
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15 Dynamic memory allocation This c
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Dynamic memory allocation 211 In a
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Dynamic memory allocation 213 One w
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Dynamic memory allocation 215 15.2.
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Dynamic memory allocation 217 The p
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Dynamic memory allocation 221 A ben
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15.7 Attributes 'Access and 'Unchec
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Page 251 and 252: Polymorphism 229 This can be implem
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Page 259 and 260: Polymorphism 237 An example interac
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Page 269 and 270: Polymorphism 247 The driver program
Page 271 and 272: 17 Containers This chapter describe
Page 273 and 274: Containers 251 This mirrors closely
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Page 281 and 282: Containers 259 In the implementatio
Page 283 and 284: Containers 261 A deep copy of this
Page 285 and 286: Containers 263 • If the objects o
Page 287 and 288: Containers 265 17.6.1 Ada specifica
Page 289 and 290: Containers 267 The procedure Adjust
Page 291 and 292: 17.7 A set Containers 269 Using as
Page 293 and 294: Containers 271 17.7.1 Putting it al
Page 295 and 296: 18 Input and output This chapter de
Page 297 and 298: Input and output 275 18.2 Reading a
Page 299: Input and output 277 Then the follo
Page 303 and 304: Persistence 281 A program to implem
Page 305 and 306: Persistence 283 with Ada.Strings.Un
Page 307 and 308: Persistence 285 The process to add
Page 309 and 310: Persistence 287 The procedure Add u
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Page 313 and 314: Tasks 291 The execution of the abov
Page 315 and 316: Tasks 293 Likewise, the task Task_I
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Page 319 and 320: Tasks 297 The implementation of the
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Page 329 and 330: System programming 307 21.1.1 Putti
Page 331 and 332: System programming 309 The followin
Page 333 and 334: 22 A text user interface This chapt
Page 335 and 336: A Text user interface 313 Note: The
Page 337 and 338: A Text user interface 315 with Clas
Page 339 and 340: A Text user interface 317 Window_St
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Page 343 and 344: A Text user interface 321 package C
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TUI the implementation 329 23.1.1 S
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TUI the implementation 331 package
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TUI the implementation 333 23.2.4 T
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TUI the implementation 335 with Ada
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TUI the implementation 337 The Inpu
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TUI the implementation 339 procedur
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TUI the implementation 341 New_Line
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TUI the implementation 343 private
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TUI the implementation 345 The proc
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TUI the implementation 349 with Pac
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TUI the implementation 351 Method S
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TUI the implementation 355 The proc
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24 Scope of declared objects This c
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Proc_2_2 Proc_1_1 Proc_2_1 Proc_2_2
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25 Mixed language programming This
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Mixed language programming 363 3 Tr
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Mixed language programming 365 /* *
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Appendix A 367 if Temp < 15 then Pu
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Appendix A 369 package body Class_I
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Appendix B: Components of Ada B.1 R
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T'Digits The decimal precision. Uni
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Appendix B 375 access enumeration E
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Appendix B 377 B.8.2Ada information
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Appendix C 379 package Standard is
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Appendix C 381 type Character is (n
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Appendix C 383 package Ada.IO_Excep
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Appendix C 385 --Specification of l
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Appendix C 387 procedure Get(File :
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Appendix C 389 procedure Get(Item :
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Appendix C 391 package Ada.Characte
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Appendix C 393 --Conversion, Concat
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Appendix C 395 return Natural; Goin
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Appendix C 397 Right : in Bounded_S
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Appendix C 399 Count : out size_t;
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Appendix C 401 C.14 The Package Ada
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Appendix C 403 --Storage-related De
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Appendix D 405 with Ada.Text_Io; us
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Appendix D 407 with Ada.Text_Io, Ad
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Appendix D 409 package Class_Perfor
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Appendix D 411 declare Kb : constan
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Appendix D 413 package body Class_B
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Appendix D 415 The instantiation of
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Appendix D 417 with Ada.Text_Io, Ad
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References Intermetrics (1995) Ada
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Index 421 'class, 233 Class attribu
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Index 423 + dyadic, 53 monadic, 54
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Object-oriented Software in Ada 95

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