AFRICANUS Vol 30 No 2 ISSN 0304-615X - University of South Africa

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to attaining empowerment are still the same, overcoming them will have to be done all the more radically. BIBLIOGRAPHY Blake, M 1998. Are the poor being heard? The implications of the government's shift in economic policy for reducing poverty in South Africa, in Creating action space: the challenge of poverty and democracy in South Africa, edited by C Baberton, M Blake & H KotzeÂ . Cape Town: IDASA & David Phillip. Biggs, S & Smith, G 1998. Beyond methodologies: coalition-building for participatory technology development. World Development 26(2):239±48. Bunders, J F G & Broerse, J E W 1991. Appropriate biotechnology in small-scale agriculture: how to reorient research and development. Wallingford: CAB International. Cernea, M M 1987. The `production' of a social methodology, in Applied anthropology in America, 2nd edition, edited by E M Eddy & W L Partridge. New York: Columbia University Press. Chambers, R 1991. Shortcut and participatory methods for gaining social information for projects, in Putting people first: sociological variables in rural development, 2nd edition, edited by M M Cernea. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Chambers, R 1994a. The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal. World Development 22(7). Chambers, R 1994b. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA): analysis of experience. World Development 22(9). Chambers, R 1994c. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA): challenges, potentials and paradigm. World Development 22(10). Fals-Borda, O 1981. The challenge of Action Research. Development Seeds of Change 1:55±61. Fals-Borda, O & Rahman, M A (eds) 1991. Action and knowledge: breaking the monopoly with Participatory Action-Research. New York: Apex. Grimble, R & Wellard, K 1997. Stakeholder methodologies in natural resource management: a review of principles, contexts, experiences and opportunities. Agricultural Systems 55(2):173±93. Harris, J C 1999. The challenge of local government delivery. Development Southern Africa 16(1):183±193. Haverkort, B, van der Kamp, J & Waters-Bayer, A (eds) 1991. Joining farmers' experiments experiences in participatory technology development. London: Intermediate Technology Publications. Lele, U 1975. The design of rural development: lessons from Africa. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Leurs, R 1996. Current challenges facing Participatory Rural Appraisal. Public Administration and Development 16. 74
Lindberg, S & Sverrisson, A 1997. Social movements in development: the challenge of globalization and democratization. London: Macmillan. Lipton, M, Ellis, F & Lipton, M (eds) 1996. Land labour and livelihoods in rural South Africa, vol 2: KwaZulu-Natal and Northern Province. Durban: Indicator. Maganya, E 1996. The contemporary development paradigm and South African policy making in the 1990s, in Transformation in South Africa? Policy debates in the 1990s, edited by E Maganya & R Houghton. Johannesburg: Institute for African Alternatives. Maharaj, B & Rambali, K 1998. Local economic development strategies in an emerging democracy: the case of Durban in South Africa. Urban Studies 35(1):131±148. Mannikuti, S 1997. Community participation: so what? Evidence from a comparative study of two rural water supply and sanitation projects in India. Development Policy Review 15. Marcus, T, Eales, K & Wildschut, A 1996. Down to earth: land demand in the new South Africa. Durban: Indicator. Martin, M 1994. Developing a feminist participative research framework: evaluating the process, in Re-thinking social research, edited by B Humphries & C Truman. Aldershot: Avebury. Martin, A & Sherington, J 1997. Participatory research methods: implementation, effectiveness and institutional context. Agricultural Systems 55(2). Mayoux, L 1995. Beyond naivety: women gender inequality and participatory development. Development and Change 26. Mearns, R 1996. Community, collective action and common grazing: the case of postsocialist Mongolia. The Journal of Development Studies 32(3):297±339. Mosse, D 1994. Authority, gender and knowledge: theoretical reflections on the practice of participatory rural appraisal. Development and Change 25. Oakley, P 1995. People's participation in development projects: a critical review of current theory and practice. Oxford: International NGO Training and Research Centre. (Occasional Papers Series, no 7.) Rahnema, M 1993. Participation, in The development dictionary, edited by W Sachs. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press. Schoones, I, Chibudu, C, Chikura, S, Jeranyama, P, Machaka, D, Machanja, W, Mavedzenge, B, Mombeshora, B, Mudhara, M, Mudziwo, C, Murimbarima, F & Zirereza, B 1996. Hazards and opportunities farming livelihoods in dryland Africa: lessons from Zimbabwe. London: Zed. Schoones, I 1997. The dynamics of soil fertility change: historical perspectives on environmental transformation from Zimbabwe. The Geographical Journal 163(2). Selener, D 1997. Participatory Action Research and social change. Cornell: Cornell Participatory Action Research Network. Young, I M 1994. Civil society and social change. Theoria, October:73±94. Uphoff, N, Wickramsinghe, M L & Wijayaratna, C M 1990. `Optimum' participation in irrigation management: issues and evidence from Sri Lanka. Human Organisation 49(1):26±40. 75
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AFRICANUS Vol 30 No 2 ISSN 0304-615
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Journal of Development Administrati
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Book Reviews Can the poor influence
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peared internationally. The purpose
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Informal collection: a matter of su
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Thus, despite the Government's Reco
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age (table 1). The youngest collect
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Collectors estimated that they earn
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their head. Three women sold their
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Figure 3 Number of collectors recov
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would facilitate their work. Collec
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Figure 5 The effect of a recent car
Page 26 and 27: will have to be reviewed and the ag
Page 28 and 29: Huntley, B, Siegried, R & Sunter, C
Page 30 and 31: 1993 ± as did the 1993 and 1996 co
Page 32 and 33: local government are better placed
Page 34 and 35: 4 INSTITUTIONAL OPTIONS FOR THE STR
Page 36 and 37: perienced to this form of establish
Page 38 and 39: ernment, the departmental approach
Page 40 and 41: Indicators for indigenous financial
Page 42 and 43: dividing them into three interrelat
Page 44 and 45: access to credit on a group liabili
Page 46 and 47: is no exception. Since the research
Page 48 and 49: development and the implementation
Page 50 and 51: Prospects for the sustainability of
Page 52 and 53: Gender relations: a missing link in
Page 54 and 55: groups? The underlying situation, a
Page 56 and 57: During this period, women and gende
Page 58 and 59: growth. WID started from the basic
Page 60 and 61: ather than beneficiaries, and that
Page 62 and 63: questioning the advisability and de
Page 64 and 65: gender differences are overlooked i
Page 66 and 67: On the relationship between partici
Page 68 and 69: participatory development and resea
Page 70 and 71: stakeholders. These coalitions were
Page 72 and 73: seems limited at present, especiall
Page 74 and 75: pared to the rest of the world (Har
Page 78 and 79: Revenue and ownership Ð the impact
Page 80 and 81: outcome in a developing economy wit
Page 82 and 83: 3 A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTH AFR
Page 84 and 85: increase in investment in education
Page 86 and 87: 4.2 Private investor returns and pu
Page 88 and 89: Yet for government revenue reasons
Page 90 and 91: lishing a mechanism for a reasonabl
Page 92 and 93: internationally and increase the pr
Page 94 and 95: ulation. The drawback is that firms
Page 96 and 97: would also increase. In South Afric
Page 98 and 99: Book reviews Can the poor influence
Page 100 and 101: PPAs could have been elaborated on
Page 102 and 103: lescence of new perspectives in Fer
Page 105: CHECKLIST FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO AFRI
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AFRICANUS Vol 30 No 2 ISSN 0304-615X - University of South Africa

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