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UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

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POST-RADIATION PSEUDO<strong>CARCINOMA</strong>TOUS<br />

PROLIFERATION<br />

• Ulceration of mucosa ±<br />

• Pseudoinvasive nests<br />

• Lining cells – vacuolated nuclei and cytoplasm;<br />

reactive atypia<br />

• Wrapping around blood vessels<br />

• Fibrin in blood vessels<br />

• Minimal to absent mitoses<br />

• Inflammation, edema, vascular congestion,<br />

hemorrhage, hemosiderin<br />

• Post-RT-induced vascular changes or stromal<br />

changes +/-

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