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About three-fifths of the people homeless on a single night were homeless as individuals (62 percent), while two-fifths (38 percent) were homeless as part of a family. Family members were much less likely than individuals to be unsheltered. About 27 percent of all homeless family members were unsheltered on the night of the point-in-time count, while almost half of homeless individuals were unsheltered. One-day PIT counts of homelessness changed little between 2007 and 2008: the total number of homeless persons decreased by about 1 percent or 7,500 people. Information from CoC applications includes counts of particular homeless subpopulations, including people whose homelessness is chronic—that is, individuals with disabilities and long or frequent patterns of homelessness. National policy has focused on ending chronic homelessness through funding incentives to develop permanent supportive housing and through the dissemination of best practice strategies for reducing chronic homelessness. Measuring the scope of chronic homelessness remains challenging, however, and thus the PIT estimates of persons experiencing chronic homelessness that are reported in CoC applications should be interpreted as approximations. The January 2008 PIT estimate of chronic homelessness is 124,135 persons, or 30 percent of all homeless individuals. The PIT count of chronically homeless persons in 2008 is nearly identical to the count in 2007. The concentration of homeless persons in a state—or the estimated number of homeless persons as a percent of the state’s total population—varies considerably across the United States. On a single night in January 2008, the states with the highest concentrations of homeless people were Oregon (0.54 percent of the state’s population), Nevada (0.48 percent), Hawaii (0.47 percent), and California (0.43 percent). More than half of all homeless people on a single night in January 2008 were found in just five states: California (157,277), New York (61,125), Florida (50,158), Texas (40,190) and Michigan (28,248). Their share is disproportionate, as these states constitute only 36 percent of the total U.S. population. Mississippi, South Dakota, and Kansas had the nation’s lowest concentration of homeless persons. Homelessness is heavily concentrated in urban areas. For example, 91 percent of Nevada’s homeless population was located in the Las Vegas CoC and almost 67 percent of Michigan’s homeless population was in the Detroit CoC. Other states with high concentrations of homeless persons in urban areas included: Arizona (60 percent were located in the Phoenix Continuum of Care), Pennsylvania (nearly 50 percent were located in Philadelphia CoC), and California (40 percent were located in the Los Angeles CoC). In both 2007 and 2008, one in five people homeless on a single night in January were in Los Angeles, New York, or Detroit. Executive Summary ii
One-Year Estimates of Sheltered Homeless Persons, October 2007- September 2008 About 1.6 million persons used an emergency shelter or a transitional housing program during the 12-month period (October 1, 2007 through September 30, 2008), suggesting that 1 in every 190 persons in the United States used the shelter system. The nation’s sheltered homeless population over a year’s time included approximately 1,092,600 individuals (68 percent) and 516,700 persons in families (32 percent). A family is a household that includes an adult 18 years of age or older and at least one child. All other sheltered homeless people are considered individuals. Considered as households rather than separate people, there were 159,142 sheltered families, about 14 percent of all sheltered homeless households. The total number of sheltered homeless persons remained essentially unchanged between 2007 and 2008, increasing by only 5,200 people. However, the household composition of the sheltered homeless population shifted somewhat between 2007 and 2008. The number of homeless individuals was fairly stable, while homelessness among persons in families increased by about 43,000 or 9 percent. Accordingly, the share of family households among all sheltered households also increased, by nearly 3 percentage points. Sheltered Homeless People in 2008 The one-year estimates based on HMIS <strong>data</strong> include detail on the demographic characteristics of the 1.6 million people who were homeless in a shelter some time over the course of a year, where they were before they entered the residential program, and for how much of the year they stayed in the shelter. The most common demographic features of all sheltered homeless people are: male, members of minority groups, older than age 31, and alone. More than two-fifths of sheltered homeless people have a disability. At the same time, sizable segments of the sheltered homeless population are white, non-Hispanic (38 percent), children (20 percent), or part of multi-person households 1 (33 percent). Approximately 68 percent of the 1.6 million sheltered homeless people were homeless as individuals and 32 percent were persons in families. When compared to family members, people who use the homeless residential system as individuals are particularly likely to be men, middle aged (between the ages of 31 and 50), and to have a disability. About 13 percent of sheltered homeless individuals are veterans. By contrast, sheltered homeless families are very likely to be headed by a woman under age 30 without a male partner. A 1 This includes multi-adult and multi-child households that are counted in the AHAR as separate individuals, as well as family households composed of at least one adult and one child. Executive Summary iii
Page 3: The 2008 Annual Homeless Assessment
Page 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This 2008 Annual H
Page 11: Executive Summary The U.S. Departme
Page 15 and 16: may suggest that communities have a
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Introduction This report
Page 19 and 20: transitional housing) or unsheltere
Page 21: sheltered homeless people in numero
Page 24 and 25: substance abuse issues; veterans; u
Page 26 and 27: Exhibit 2-2: Point-in-Time Counts o
Page 28 and 29: Care). On a single night in January
Page 30 and 31: Exhibit 2-6: Percentage Change in t
Page 32 and 33: 2007, but was level between 2007 an
Page 34 and 35: 2.4 Estimates of Sheltered Homeless
Page 36 and 37: percent in 2007 to 14.4 percent in
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Sheltered Homeless People
Page 41 and 42: Exhibit 3-2 Demographic Characteris
Page 43 and 44: the men who are being counted in th
Page 45 and 46: Exhibit 3-3: Demographic Characteri
Page 47 and 48: Characteristics of Sheltered Person
Page 49 and 50: 3.2 Location of Homeless Service Us
Page 51 and 52: A comparison of living arrangements
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Page 55: 3.4 Summary of All Sheltered Homele
Page 58 and 59: Changes in the patterns of becoming
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The increase in the share of person
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facility the night before. In 2008,
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Exhibit 4-8: Change in Previous Liv
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Exhibit 4-10: Lengths of Stay in Em
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least a month. Families experiencin
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program, or it could reflect greate
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While the 2008 data collection peri
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614,042 beds (see Exhibit 5-1). 32
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housing inventory included nearly 1
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Exhibit 5-5: National Inventory of
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Exhibit 5-7: Distribution of Bed In
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Transitional Housing Compared to em
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housing beds during this period. It
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Exhibit 5-12: Average Daily Utiliza
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Chapter 6 Looking Ahead The 2008 AH
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Appendix A: List of 2008 AHAR Sampl
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Appendix A A-3
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Appendix A A-5
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Appendix A A-7
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Appendix A A-9
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Appendix A A-11
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Appendix A A-13
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Appendix A A-15
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B.1 Introduction This document summ
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Homeless Management Information Sys
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B.3 Sample Selection This section d
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area to account for the fact that t
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Selection of Non-Certainty Sample T
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In 2008, 22 new rural communities w
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Average daily bed utilization rate
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Exhibit B-4: Communities Participat
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Step 2: The raw data were adjusted
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site was not able to provide data,
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category. However, to aggregate the
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C1: Changes in Point-In-Time Estima
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C2: Point-In-Time Estimates from Ja
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Appendix C-3 C-6 Appendix C
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C-8 Appendix C
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C-10 Appendix C
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C-12 Appendix C
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C-14 Appendix C
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C-16 Appendix C
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Appendix D: Counts of Homeless Shel
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Appendix D-3: Seasonal Point-in-Tim
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Appendix D-4: Demographic Character
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Appendix D-9: Earlier Living Situat
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Appendix D-11: Earlier Living Situa
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Appendix D-13: Length of Stay in Tr
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