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unduplicated estimate means that each person is counted once during a given time period, even if the person is served multiple times during that period. Since 2005, communities have been submitting unduplicated counts of shelter users as well as other information about their demographic characteristics and patterns of service use for analysis and reporting in the AHAR. HUD has supported local efforts to submit data to the AHAR by providing technical assistance on how to increase participation in HMIS among homeless service providers and on improving the accuracy and reliability of the data. Four reports have been submitted to Congress since HUD launched this effort: The first report (2005 AHAR) covered a three-month period in 2005 and was based on HMIS data reported by 63 communities. The second AHAR (2006 AHAR) covered six months, January through June 2006, and included information from 74 communities. The third AHAR (2007 AHAR) was the first report to cover an entire year, October 2006-September 2007, and serves as the baseline for analyzing trends over time. For this report, the number of communities providing useable data had increased to 98. This 2008 AHAR uses HMIS data provided by 222 communities nationwide, covering about 40 percent of the total U.S. population, to produce nationwide estimates of sheltered homelessness. The report covers the period from October 2007 through September 2008. In addition to supporting data collection through HMIS, HUD has required CoCs to report PIT data collected for a single night in January as part of communities’ applications for McKinney-Vento funding. PIT data provide a one-night “snapshot” of homelessness within each CoC. HUD provides technical assistance to communities on how to conduct these PIT counts, focusing on improving the accuracy of the counts by helping communities develop sound enumeration strategies. As a result, the reliability of PIT data has improved greatly over time. The CoC applications also provide information on the inventory of residential programs, beds, and units for homeless people. 1.2 AHAR Estimates for 2008 The AHAR provides two types of estimates. The CoC PIT data provide estimates of all people who are homeless either in shelters or in places not meant for human habitation (colloquially, “the street”). The HMIS data collected for the AHAR make it possible to present one-year estimates of all people who are sheltered homeless at some time during a year. Both types of estimates are important: The PIT data provide a total count of all homeless people on a single night in January and describe the share of people who are sheltered (i.e., in emergency shelter or Introduction 2
transitional housing) or unsheltered (i.e., in a place not meant for human habitation) on that night. The HMIS data provide a more detailed demographic profile of sheltered homeless people and their use of the residential services system during a one-year period. The estimated totals for 2008 are that: About 664,000 people were homeless—sheltered and unsheltered—on a single night in January 2008. About 1.6 million people were homeless in emergency shelters or transitional housing at some point during the year between October 1, 2007 and September 30, 2008. Definitions of Key Terms 1. Individuals: The HMIS-based estimates of sheltered homeless individuals include single adults, unaccompanied youth, persons in multi-adult households, and persons in multi-child households. A multi-adult household is a household composed of adults only—no children are present. A multi-child household is composed of children only (e.g., parenting youth)— no adults are present. 2. One-Year Sheltered Counts: 12-month counts of homeless persons who use an emergency shelter or transitional housing program at any time from October though September of the following year. The one-year counts are derived from communities’ administrative databases, or Homeless Management Information Systems (HMIS). 3. Persons in Families: The HMIS-based estimates of homeless persons in families include persons in households with at least one adult and one child. 4. Point-in-Time (PIT) Counts: One-night counts of both sheltered and unsheltered homeless populations. The one-night counts are reported on CoC applications and reflect a single-night during the last week in January. 5. Principal City: Following guidance from the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, the AHAR replaces the term “central city” with “principal city.” The largest city in each metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area is designated a principal city, and other cities may qualify if specified requirements (population size and employment) are met. 6. Sheltered: A homeless person who is in an emergency shelter or transitional housing program for homeless persons. 7. Unsheltered: A homeless person who is living in a place not meant for human habitation, such as the streets, abandoned buildings, vehicles, parks, and train stations. Introduction 3
Page 3: The 2008 Annual Homeless Assessment
Page 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This 2008 Annual H
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary The U.S. Departme
Page 13 and 14: One-Year Estimates of Sheltered Hom
Page 15 and 16: may suggest that communities have a
Page 17: Chapter 1 Introduction This report
Page 21: sheltered homeless people in numero
Page 24 and 25: substance abuse issues; veterans; u
Page 26 and 27: Exhibit 2-2: Point-in-Time Counts o
Page 28 and 29: Care). On a single night in January
Page 30 and 31: Exhibit 2-6: Percentage Change in t
Page 32 and 33: 2007, but was level between 2007 an
Page 34 and 35: 2.4 Estimates of Sheltered Homeless
Page 36 and 37: percent in 2007 to 14.4 percent in
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Sheltered Homeless People
Page 41 and 42: Exhibit 3-2 Demographic Characteris
Page 43 and 44: the men who are being counted in th
Page 45 and 46: Exhibit 3-3: Demographic Characteri
Page 47 and 48: Characteristics of Sheltered Person
Page 49 and 50: 3.2 Location of Homeless Service Us
Page 51 and 52: A comparison of living arrangements
Page 53 and 54: 2008, compared with 69 percent of p
Page 55: 3.4 Summary of All Sheltered Homele
Page 58 and 59: Changes in the patterns of becoming
Page 60 and 61: Exhibit 4-2: Change in the Geograph
Page 62 and 63: The increase in the share of person
Page 64 and 65: facility the night before. In 2008,
Page 66 and 67: Exhibit 4-8: Change in Previous Liv
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Exhibit 4-10: Lengths of Stay in Em
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least a month. Families experiencin
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program, or it could reflect greate
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While the 2008 data collection peri
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614,042 beds (see Exhibit 5-1). 32
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housing inventory included nearly 1
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Exhibit 5-5: National Inventory of
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Exhibit 5-7: Distribution of Bed In
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Transitional Housing Compared to em
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housing beds during this period. It
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Exhibit 5-12: Average Daily Utiliza
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Chapter 6 Looking Ahead The 2008 AH
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Appendix A: List of 2008 AHAR Sampl
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Appendix A A-3
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Appendix A A-5
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Appendix A A-7
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Appendix A A-9
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Appendix A A-11
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Appendix A A-13
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Appendix A A-15
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B.1 Introduction This document summ
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Homeless Management Information Sys
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B.3 Sample Selection This section d
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area to account for the fact that t
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Selection of Non-Certainty Sample T
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In 2008, 22 new rural communities w
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Average daily bed utilization rate
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Exhibit B-4: Communities Participat
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Step 2: The raw data were adjusted
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site was not able to provide data,
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category. However, to aggregate the
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C1: Changes in Point-In-Time Estima
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C2: Point-In-Time Estimates from Ja
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Appendix C-3 C-6 Appendix C
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C-8 Appendix C
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C-10 Appendix C
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C-12 Appendix C
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C-14 Appendix C
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C-16 Appendix C
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Appendix D: Counts of Homeless Shel
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Appendix D-3: Seasonal Point-in-Tim
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Appendix D-4: Demographic Character
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Appendix D-9: Earlier Living Situat
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Appendix D-11: Earlier Living Situa
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Appendix D-13: Length of Stay in Tr
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data - Greensboro Housing Coalition

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