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Looking Ahead The 2009 AHAR will continue to provide Congress and the nation with updated counts of homelessness nationwide, including counts of individuals, persons in families, and special population groups such as chronically homeless people and persons with disabilities. The next report will also use HMIS-based trend data for three years, 2007-2009. The 2009 AHAR will also feature two important additions: a special chapter on homeless veterans and data on HUD’s efforts to prevent homelessness and re-house homeless people through the Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program (HPRP). The chapter on homeless veterans comes at a time when many service men and women are returning from active duty in Iraq and being deployed to Afghanistan. Thus, the chapter will provide an important baseline understanding of homelessness among veterans that, in turn, can be used to assess how homelessness among veterans may change over time. Finally, as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Congress allocated $1.5 billion for a Homelessness Prevention Fund, which supports HPRP. The purpose of HPRP is to provide homelessness prevention assistance to households who would otherwise become homeless—many due to the economic crisis—and to provide assistance to rapidly rehouse persons who are homeless. HUD will begin collecting data from HPRP programs nationwide and report this information in the 2009 AHAR. Executive Summary vi
Chapter 1 Introduction This report is the fourth Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) and the first to provide year-to-year trend information on the prevalence of homelessness nationwide, the demographic characteristics of homeless people, and the way homeless people use the residential services system. The report provides the latest counts of homelessness nationwide—including counts of individuals, persons in families, and special population groups such as veterans and persons experiencing chronic homelessness. The report also covers the types of locations where people use emergency shelter and transitional housing; where people were just before they entered a residential program; how much time they spent in shelters over the course of a year; and the size and use of the U.S inventory of residential programs for homeless people. This report breaks new ground by being the first AHAR to compare annual sheltered counts from year to year. It is also the first report to compare Point-in-Time (PIT) counts across multiple years. These comparisons are useful for several reasons. First, the comparisons suggest whether homelessness is increasing or decreasing nationwide and thus help to gauge whether the nation’s policy responses are making progress toward preventing and ending homelessness. They also suggest how the portrait of homelessness—or the demographic composition of the homeless population—may be changing over time. This understanding helps both policymakers and practitioners to target particular homeless subpopulations that need additional assistance. Finally, annual comparisons reveal how shelter use patterns may be fluctuating, which, in turn, may prompt funding reallocations to support programs that are in high demand. 1.1 History of the AHAR At the direction of Congress, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) created uniform national data definitions for local Homeless Management Information Systems (HMIS), instructed programs receiving HUD McKinney-Vento funding to report to those systems, and encouraged all programs for homeless people—regardless of their funding source—to report data to the HMIS. HMIS implementations have grown stronger over the past several years and, recognizing their usefulness for local planning and policy-making, an increasing number of emergency shelters and transitional housing programs participate in an HMIS. Emergency shelters and transitional housing programs are the primary providers of residential services to homeless persons. Six years ago, HUD established a nationally representative sample of communities and began working with those and other communities willing to provide their HMIS data to produce unduplicated estimates of users of emergency shelter and transitional housing. An Introduction 1
Page 3: The 2008 Annual Homeless Assessment
Page 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This 2008 Annual H
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary The U.S. Departme
Page 13 and 14: One-Year Estimates of Sheltered Hom
Page 15: may suggest that communities have a
Page 19 and 20: transitional housing) or unsheltere
Page 21: sheltered homeless people in numero
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Page 26 and 27: Exhibit 2-2: Point-in-Time Counts o
Page 28 and 29: Care). On a single night in January
Page 30 and 31: Exhibit 2-6: Percentage Change in t
Page 32 and 33: 2007, but was level between 2007 an
Page 34 and 35: 2.4 Estimates of Sheltered Homeless
Page 36 and 37: percent in 2007 to 14.4 percent in
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Sheltered Homeless People
Page 41 and 42: Exhibit 3-2 Demographic Characteris
Page 43 and 44: the men who are being counted in th
Page 45 and 46: Exhibit 3-3: Demographic Characteri
Page 47 and 48: Characteristics of Sheltered Person
Page 49 and 50: 3.2 Location of Homeless Service Us
Page 51 and 52: A comparison of living arrangements
Page 53 and 54: 2008, compared with 69 percent of p
Page 55: 3.4 Summary of All Sheltered Homele
Page 58 and 59: Changes in the patterns of becoming
Page 60 and 61: Exhibit 4-2: Change in the Geograph
Page 62 and 63: The increase in the share of person
Page 64 and 65: facility the night before. In 2008,
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Exhibit 4-8: Change in Previous Liv
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Exhibit 4-10: Lengths of Stay in Em
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least a month. Families experiencin
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program, or it could reflect greate
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While the 2008 data collection peri
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614,042 beds (see Exhibit 5-1). 32
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housing inventory included nearly 1
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Exhibit 5-5: National Inventory of
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Exhibit 5-7: Distribution of Bed In
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Transitional Housing Compared to em
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housing beds during this period. It
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Exhibit 5-12: Average Daily Utiliza
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Chapter 6 Looking Ahead The 2008 AH
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Appendix A: List of 2008 AHAR Sampl
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Appendix A A-3
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Appendix A A-5
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Appendix A A-7
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Appendix A A-9
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Appendix A A-11
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Appendix A A-13
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Appendix A A-15
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B.1 Introduction This document summ
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Homeless Management Information Sys
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B.3 Sample Selection This section d
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area to account for the fact that t
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Selection of Non-Certainty Sample T
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In 2008, 22 new rural communities w
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Average daily bed utilization rate
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Exhibit B-4: Communities Participat
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Step 2: The raw data were adjusted
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site was not able to provide data,
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category. However, to aggregate the
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C1: Changes in Point-In-Time Estima
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C2: Point-In-Time Estimates from Ja
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Appendix C-3 C-6 Appendix C
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C-8 Appendix C
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C-10 Appendix C
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C-12 Appendix C
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C-14 Appendix C
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C-16 Appendix C
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Appendix D: Counts of Homeless Shel
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Appendix D-3: Seasonal Point-in-Tim
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Appendix D-4: Demographic Character
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Appendix D-9: Earlier Living Situat
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Appendix D-11: Earlier Living Situa
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Appendix D-13: Length of Stay in Tr
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