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substance abuse issues; veterans; unaccompanied youth; and people living with HIV/AIDS. Presents the one-year estimates of sheltered homeless people based on HMIS <strong>data</strong>, which are provided separately for individuals and persons in families. The chapter also describes how those estimates changed between 2007 and 2008. This summary of the one-year estimates is expanded in chapter 3, which discusses demographic characteristics and patterns of sheltered homelessness in 2008, and in chapter 4, which elaborates on trends in sheltered homelessness between 2007 and 2008. 2.1 PIT Counts of Homeless People On a single night in January 2008, there were 664,414 sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons nationwide (see Exhibit 2-1). About 58 percent (386,361) were in emergency shelters or transitional housing programs, while 42 percent (278,053) were unsheltered. Exhibit 2-1: Homeless Individuals and Persons in Families by Sheltered Status, 2008 Household Type Number Percentage Total Sheltered 386,361 58.2% Unsheltered 278,053 41.8% Total 664,414 100.0% Individuals Sheltered 204,855 49.3% Unsheltered 210,347 50.7% Total 415,202 100.0% Persons in Families Sheltered 181,506 72.8% Unsheltered 67,706 27.2% Total 249,212 100.0% Source: 2008 Continuum of Care Applications: Exhibit 1, CoC Point-in-Time Homeless Population and Subpopulations Charts Approximately three-fifths of those homeless on a single night in January 2008 were individuals, and about two-fifths were homeless as members of families. People who become homeless as individuals have different needs and experiences from parents who become homeless together with their children, and communities often have different approaches and discrete programs designed to serve these two population groups. As shown on Exhibit 2-1, family members were much less likely than individuals to be unsheltered (i.e., in a place not meant for human habitation): 27 percent of homeless family members were unsheltered in January 2008, compared to 51 percent of homeless individuals. 8 Chapter 2: National Estimates of All Homeless People, Sheltered and Unsheltered
The higher sheltered rates among persons in families are expected because unsheltered situations can be particularly 664,414 people were unsafe for children, and thus families tend to use all available homeless on a single options to avoid unsheltered homelessness. In addition, night in January 2008. many communities have explicit policies to reduce the number of children on the streets by using hotel or motel vouchers, churches, and other mechanisms to shelter homeless children. It is also possible that families who are on the verge of becoming literally homeless have more alternative housing options than homeless individuals because family and friends are less willing to let them go to a place not meant for human habitation. Finally, it is possible that in some communities, families have more access to shelter than individuals because the amount of shelter capacity for homeless families exceeds the need. (See chapter 5 for information on the inventory of residential programs for homeless people.) 2.2 Trends in PIT Counts of Homeless People One-day counts of homelessness changed little between 2007 and 2008: the total number of homeless persons decreased by about 1 percent or 7,500 people (see Exhibit 2-2). However, changes are more pronounced when considering homeless individuals and persons in families separately. The number of homeless individuals on a single night in January dropped by 2 percent (about 8,200 people), while the number of homeless families increased very slightly (700 people in families). Accordingly, persons in families constitute a slightly larger share of the total homeless population (38 percent) in 2008 when compared to the estimates for 2007 (37 percent). 4 As discussed later in this chapter and in chapter 4, the shift toward families between 2007 and 2008 was more pronounced on the one-year count of sheltered homeless people—that is, among people who were in emergency shelters or transitional housing programs at some time during the course of a year. The number of sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons on a single night in January declined much more over the two-year period, 2006 to 2008 (see Exhibit 2-3). From 2006 to 2008, the total number of homeless persons dropped 13 percent (from 763,000 to 664,400), the number of homeless individuals declined 8 percent (or about -37,000 people), and the number of persons in families declined 19 percent (or -57,000 people). However, the declines leveled in 2008. 4 The decrease in homelessness among individuals and the increase among persons in families are also observed if the comparison of PIT <strong>data</strong> is limited to CoCs that conducted new counts in both 2007 and 2008. About 67 percent of CoCs conducted counts in both years. Among these CoCs, the total number of homeless persons decreased by less than one percent (or -2,000 people), including a 2 percent decrease among homeless individuals (-3,330 people) and a 1 percent increase among homeless persons in families (1,300 people). A communitywide PIT count demands considerable local resources and planning. Therefore, HUD requires communities to conduct PIT counts biennially—beginning in 2007 and every other year thereafter. Chapter 2: National Estimates of All Homeless People, Sheltered and Unsheltered 9
Page 3: The 2008 Annual Homeless Assessment
Page 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This 2008 Annual H
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary The U.S. Departme
Page 13 and 14: One-Year Estimates of Sheltered Hom
Page 15 and 16: may suggest that communities have a
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Introduction This report
Page 19 and 20: transitional housing) or unsheltere
Page 21: sheltered homeless people in numero
Page 26 and 27: Exhibit 2-2: Point-in-Time Counts o
Page 28 and 29: Care). On a single night in January
Page 30 and 31: Exhibit 2-6: Percentage Change in t
Page 32 and 33: 2007, but was level between 2007 an
Page 34 and 35: 2.4 Estimates of Sheltered Homeless
Page 36 and 37: percent in 2007 to 14.4 percent in
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Sheltered Homeless People
Page 41 and 42: Exhibit 3-2 Demographic Characteris
Page 43 and 44: the men who are being counted in th
Page 45 and 46: Exhibit 3-3: Demographic Characteri
Page 47 and 48: Characteristics of Sheltered Person
Page 49 and 50: 3.2 Location of Homeless Service Us
Page 51 and 52: A comparison of living arrangements
Page 53 and 54: 2008, compared with 69 percent of p
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Page 58 and 59: Changes in the patterns of becoming
Page 60 and 61: Exhibit 4-2: Change in the Geograph
Page 62 and 63: The increase in the share of person
Page 64 and 65: facility the night before. In 2008,
Page 66 and 67: Exhibit 4-8: Change in Previous Liv
Page 68 and 69: Exhibit 4-10: Lengths of Stay in Em
Page 70 and 71: least a month. Families experiencin
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While the 2008 data collection peri
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614,042 beds (see Exhibit 5-1). 32
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housing inventory included nearly 1
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Exhibit 5-5: National Inventory of
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Exhibit 5-7: Distribution of Bed In
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Transitional Housing Compared to em
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housing beds during this period. It
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Exhibit 5-12: Average Daily Utiliza
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Chapter 6 Looking Ahead The 2008 AH
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Appendix A: List of 2008 AHAR Sampl
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Appendix A A-3
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Appendix A A-5
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Appendix A A-7
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Appendix A A-9
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Appendix A A-11
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Appendix A A-13
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Appendix A A-15
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B.1 Introduction This document summ
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Homeless Management Information Sys
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B.3 Sample Selection This section d
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area to account for the fact that t
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Selection of Non-Certainty Sample T
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In 2008, 22 new rural communities w
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Average daily bed utilization rate
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Exhibit B-4: Communities Participat
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Step 2: The raw data were adjusted
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site was not able to provide data,
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category. However, to aggregate the
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C1: Changes in Point-In-Time Estima
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C2: Point-In-Time Estimates from Ja
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Appendix C-3 C-6 Appendix C
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C-8 Appendix C
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C-10 Appendix C
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C-12 Appendix C
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C-14 Appendix C
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C-16 Appendix C
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Appendix D: Counts of Homeless Shel
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Appendix D-3: Seasonal Point-in-Tim
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Appendix D-4: Demographic Character
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Appendix D-9: Earlier Living Situat
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Appendix D-11: Earlier Living Situa
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Appendix D-13: Length of Stay in Tr
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