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percent in 2007 to 14.4 percent in 2008. Chapter 4 explores trends in sheltered homelessness among individuals and persons in families in greater detail. The share of sheltered homeless people who are Although national individuals or persons in families differs between the estimates of the sheltered one-day count and the count over the course of a year homeless population show (see Exhibit 2-10). In 2008, about 338,900 people were in an emergency shelter or a transitional little change since 2007, housing program on an average day, about 21 percent homelessness increased by of the total annual estimate. On an average night, 9 percent among persons individuals represented 57 percent of the sheltered in families. population, and persons in families represented 43 percent. 9 However, the one-day estimates of the split between individuals and family members were very different from the one-year-estimates, which show that individuals comprised about 68 percent of people in shelters at some time during the year were individuals and only 32 percent were persons in families. Exhibit 2-10: Difference in Share of Sheltered Homeless Individuals and Persons in Families Between Average Night and Annual Estimates, 2008 Average Night Estimate (N=338,910) One-Year Estimate (N=1,593,794) 43.1% 56.9% Individuals Persons in Families 32.4% 68.6% Individuals Persons in Families Source: Homeless Management Information System <strong>data</strong>, 2008 The larger share of persons in families on an average day compared to a longer period is a pattern that has been observed in previous Annual Homeless Assessment Reports. The pattern highlights how individuals and persons in families use shelter differently. Families stay in shelters for longer periods than individuals. As a result, persons in families are more 9 The HMIS-based estimate for an average day between October 2007 and September 2008 was only slightly lower than the PIT estimate for a particular day in January 2008: about 386,400 people, of whom 53 percent were individuals and 47 percent persons in families. 20 Chapter 2: National Estimates of All Homeless People, Sheltered and Unsheltered
likely to be present on any particular day, and the share of persons in families will be higher on an average day than over the course of a year. The share of sheltered homeless people represented by persons in families diminishes over time (e.g., 3 months, 6 months, or 12 months) as more individuals cycle in and out of the shelter system. 10 Chapter 3 provides more detail on the patterns of shelter use for homeless individuals and families. 2.5 Summary of the National Estimates of All Homeless People In summary, the single-night, PIT count estimates are that: 664,000 people were homeless in shelters or unsheltered, a 1 percent decline from 2007. More than three-fifths (62 percent) were individuals and about two-fifths (38 percent) were persons in families. Nearly 6 in 10 homeless persons (58 percent) were in an emergency shelter or transitional housing program and the rest were unsheltered—that is, in places not meant for human habitation. In 2008, states with the highest estimates of homeless persons as a percent of each state’s total population were Oregon, Nevada, and Hawaii (1 in every 200 people) and California (1 in every 230 people). These states also had high concentrations of homeless persons in both 2006 and 2007. Homelessness continues to be concentrated in CoCs that cover major U.S. cities. The one-year estimates based on HMIS are that: About 1,594,000 people used an emergency shelter and/or a transitional housing program during the 12-month period October 1, 2007 through September 30, 2008, suggesting that about 1 in every 190 people in the United States experienced sheltered homelessness. The total number of sheltered homeless persons remained relatively unchanged between 2007 and 2008. However, whereas homelessness among individuals was fairly stable, homelessness among persons in families increased by about 9 percent. 10 The 2007 Annual Homeless Assessment Report provides estimates of seasonal trends in the number of sheltered homeless people and the split between individuals and families, showing that estimates of the number of homeless individuals peak in January and reach their lowest point in October. Estimates of sheltered persons in families do not vary as much; they are highest during April and lowest in October. The 2008 HMIS-based estimates of seasonal trends are similar. Chapter 2: National Estimates of All Homeless People, Sheltered and Unsheltered 21
Page 3: The 2008 Annual Homeless Assessment
Page 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This 2008 Annual H
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary The U.S. Departme
Page 13 and 14: One-Year Estimates of Sheltered Hom
Page 15 and 16: may suggest that communities have a
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Introduction This report
Page 19 and 20: transitional housing) or unsheltere
Page 21: sheltered homeless people in numero
Page 24 and 25: substance abuse issues; veterans; u
Page 26 and 27: Exhibit 2-2: Point-in-Time Counts o
Page 28 and 29: Care). On a single night in January
Page 30 and 31: Exhibit 2-6: Percentage Change in t
Page 32 and 33: 2007, but was level between 2007 an
Page 34 and 35: 2.4 Estimates of Sheltered Homeless
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Sheltered Homeless People
Page 41 and 42: Exhibit 3-2 Demographic Characteris
Page 43 and 44: the men who are being counted in th
Page 45 and 46: Exhibit 3-3: Demographic Characteri
Page 47 and 48: Characteristics of Sheltered Person
Page 49 and 50: 3.2 Location of Homeless Service Us
Page 51 and 52: A comparison of living arrangements
Page 53 and 54: 2008, compared with 69 percent of p
Page 55: 3.4 Summary of All Sheltered Homele
Page 58 and 59: Changes in the patterns of becoming
Page 60 and 61: Exhibit 4-2: Change in the Geograph
Page 62 and 63: The increase in the share of person
Page 64 and 65: facility the night before. In 2008,
Page 66 and 67: Exhibit 4-8: Change in Previous Liv
Page 68 and 69: Exhibit 4-10: Lengths of Stay in Em
Page 70 and 71: least a month. Families experiencin
Page 72 and 73: program, or it could reflect greate
Page 74 and 75: While the 2008 data collection peri
Page 76 and 77: 614,042 beds (see Exhibit 5-1). 32
Page 78 and 79: housing inventory included nearly 1
Page 80 and 81: Exhibit 5-5: National Inventory of
Page 82 and 83: Exhibit 5-7: Distribution of Bed In
Page 84 and 85: Transitional Housing Compared to em
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housing beds during this period. It
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Exhibit 5-12: Average Daily Utiliza
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Chapter 6 Looking Ahead The 2008 AH
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Appendix A: List of 2008 AHAR Sampl
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Appendix A A-3
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Appendix A A-5
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Appendix A A-7
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Appendix A A-9
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Appendix A A-11
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Appendix A A-13
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Appendix A A-15
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B.1 Introduction This document summ
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Homeless Management Information Sys
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B.3 Sample Selection This section d
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area to account for the fact that t
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Selection of Non-Certainty Sample T
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In 2008, 22 new rural communities w
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Average daily bed utilization rate
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Exhibit B-4: Communities Participat
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Step 2: The raw data were adjusted
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site was not able to provide data,
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category. However, to aggregate the
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C1: Changes in Point-In-Time Estima
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C2: Point-In-Time Estimates from Ja
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Appendix C-3 C-6 Appendix C
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C-8 Appendix C
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C-10 Appendix C
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C-12 Appendix C
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C-14 Appendix C
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C-16 Appendix C
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Appendix D: Counts of Homeless Shel
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Appendix D-3: Seasonal Point-in-Tim
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Appendix D-4: Demographic Character
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Appendix D-9: Earlier Living Situat
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Appendix D-11: Earlier Living Situa
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Appendix D-13: Length of Stay in Tr
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