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Data do not exist to support an unduplicated estimate of the total number of people who are sheltered and unsheltered homeless over the course of a year. 2 However, given the information provided in this report, it is roughly estimated that 2 million people were homeless—sheltered and unsheltered—at some time during 2008. 1.3 This Report Chapter 2 provides more detail on the “counts” of homeless persons. The counts are based on the PIT estimates for individuals and members of families who are in shelters and on the streets, as well as the HMIS-based estimates of individuals and families who access a shelter at some time during 2008. The chapter describes trends in the PIT estimates over a threeyear period, 2006-2008, and also provides detail on how homelessness varies from state to state and for particular cities. Chapter 3 describes the sheltered homeless population in 2008. The chapter focuses on the demographic characteristics of sheltered homeless people and how they differ from the characteristics of people living in poverty. It also discusses the types of locations where people use emergency shelters and transitional housing programs and how people use residential programs (e.g., which programs they use and how long they stay). Chapter 4 focuses on trends in sheltered homelessness between 2007 and 2008. The chapter describes shifts in the homeless population between individuals and families, the changing geography of homelessness, and changes in the use of the residential system for homeless people. The chapter also reports changes in the patterns of becoming homeless— that is, where people said they were the night before entering an emergency shelter or a transitional housing program and how long they had been there. Chapter 5 documents the numbers and locations of residential programs for homeless people, including emergency shelters, transitional housing programs as well as permanent supportive housing. The chapter also reports how intensively emergency shelters and transitional housing programs are used and how that has changed over time. Appendix A provides a list of the communities providing useable data to this 2008 AHAR. Appendix B describes the methodology for selecting the nationally representative sample of communities, collecting and cleaning the data, and for weighting and adjusting the data to create the national estimates. Appendix C presents the PIT estimates for each state and CoC. Appendix D consists of detailed tables based on the HMIS data. The tables provide counts of 2 Adding the unsheltered count from the Point-in-Time estimate to the HMIS-based one-year count would miss people who were unsheltered on some other night during the year but not when the “street count” was conducted. On the other hand, adding the unsheltered count also would double-count the large fraction of the people who are unsheltered homeless on a particular night but who go to emergency shelters at some time during a year and are already counted in the HMIS data. Introduction 4
sheltered homeless people in numerous categories for 2007 and 2008 and are intended to supplement the information provided in the body of the report. 1.4 Trends in Homelessness and the Economic Crisis This first year-to-year comparison of HMIS data on sheltered homelessness is of particular interest because of the economic and foreclosure crisis that began in December 2007. Changes across the two years provide an early glimpse at the effect of the recession on homelessness, but the full effect of the economic and foreclosure crisis has yet to be observed in the AHAR. The data collection period for the 2008 AHAR ended on September 30, 2008, just as the crisis was accelerating, yet the impact of the crisis continues to unfold throughout the United States. Also, as suggested in this report as well as in other studies, people who are in jeopardy of losing their homes due to unemployment or foreclosure typically rely on other housing options before resorting to the shelter system. For example, people often stay with family and friends until they either regain their financial footing, move to another location, or become homeless. Both PIT and HMIS data show that, while homelessness remains predominately an urban phenomenon and most people are homeless as individuals rather than as members of families, homelessness became more common among families between 2007 and 2008. This shift is probably related to the economic crisis, although it is unknown if it will persist. The data also show that, in spite of the economic crisis, there was a decline in homelessness in urban areas (defined as principal cities of metropolitan areas). This drop may reflect progress communities were making in ending chronic homelessness before the economic downturn. Chronic homelessness refers to individuals who have experienced repeated episodes of homelessness or have been homeless for several years. Ending chronic homelessness has been a national policy objective that has been supported by significant investments in developing permanent supportive housing. For several years communities have reported declines in the number of persons experiencing chronic homelessness. Introduction 5
Page 3: The 2008 Annual Homeless Assessment
Page 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This 2008 Annual H
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary The U.S. Departme
Page 13 and 14: One-Year Estimates of Sheltered Hom
Page 15 and 16: may suggest that communities have a
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Introduction This report
Page 19: transitional housing) or unsheltere
Page 24 and 25: substance abuse issues; veterans; u
Page 26 and 27: Exhibit 2-2: Point-in-Time Counts o
Page 28 and 29: Care). On a single night in January
Page 30 and 31: Exhibit 2-6: Percentage Change in t
Page 32 and 33: 2007, but was level between 2007 an
Page 34 and 35: 2.4 Estimates of Sheltered Homeless
Page 36 and 37: percent in 2007 to 14.4 percent in
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Sheltered Homeless People
Page 41 and 42: Exhibit 3-2 Demographic Characteris
Page 43 and 44: the men who are being counted in th
Page 45 and 46: Exhibit 3-3: Demographic Characteri
Page 47 and 48: Characteristics of Sheltered Person
Page 49 and 50: 3.2 Location of Homeless Service Us
Page 51 and 52: A comparison of living arrangements
Page 53 and 54: 2008, compared with 69 percent of p
Page 55: 3.4 Summary of All Sheltered Homele
Page 58 and 59: Changes in the patterns of becoming
Page 60 and 61: Exhibit 4-2: Change in the Geograph
Page 62 and 63: The increase in the share of person
Page 64 and 65: facility the night before. In 2008,
Page 66 and 67: Exhibit 4-8: Change in Previous Liv
Page 68 and 69: Exhibit 4-10: Lengths of Stay in Em
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least a month. Families experiencin
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program, or it could reflect greate
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While the 2008 data collection peri
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614,042 beds (see Exhibit 5-1). 32
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housing inventory included nearly 1
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Exhibit 5-5: National Inventory of
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Exhibit 5-7: Distribution of Bed In
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Transitional Housing Compared to em
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housing beds during this period. It
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Exhibit 5-12: Average Daily Utiliza
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Chapter 6 Looking Ahead The 2008 AH
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Appendix A: List of 2008 AHAR Sampl
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Appendix A A-3
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Appendix A A-5
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Appendix A A-7
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Appendix A A-9
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Appendix A A-11
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Appendix A A-13
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Appendix A A-15
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B.1 Introduction This document summ
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Homeless Management Information Sys
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B.3 Sample Selection This section d
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area to account for the fact that t
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Selection of Non-Certainty Sample T
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In 2008, 22 new rural communities w
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Average daily bed utilization rate
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Exhibit B-4: Communities Participat
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Step 2: The raw data were adjusted
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site was not able to provide data,
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category. However, to aggregate the
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C1: Changes in Point-In-Time Estima
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C2: Point-In-Time Estimates from Ja
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Appendix C-3 C-6 Appendix C
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C-8 Appendix C
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C-10 Appendix C
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C-12 Appendix C
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C-14 Appendix C
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C-16 Appendix C
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Appendix D: Counts of Homeless Shel
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Appendix D-3: Seasonal Point-in-Tim
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Appendix D-4: Demographic Character
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Appendix D-9: Earlier Living Situat
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Appendix D-11: Earlier Living Situa
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Appendix D-13: Length of Stay in Tr
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data - Greensboro Housing Coalition

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