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government’s Youth International Internship Program. This experience provides a key<br />

ingredient needed in developing business in Asia — an understanding <strong>of</strong> local practices.<br />

54<br />

In all Asian countries, business is done differently than in Canada, whether in jurisdictions<br />

like Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia or India that have legal systems like our own, based<br />

on British common law, or in China or Vietnam, where business relationships are still<br />

largely governed by political influence. It is essential for companies trading in any <strong>of</strong><br />

these economies to have an insight into both the society and the business culture. While<br />

companies operating in Asia recognize that markets are different from those in Canada,<br />

and always value local market expertise, there has <strong>of</strong>ten been a failure to accept the<br />

need for an understanding <strong>of</strong> the broader environment in which business is carried on.<br />

Few Canadian businesses operate beyond our own borders, and most that do never<br />

venture beyond the US. Of the estimated 2.5 million businesses in Canada, 1 about 99%<br />

have fewer than 100 employees. Of these small companies, less than 7% trade or<br />

manufacture outside North America. 2 In the past, if business owners themselves did not<br />

have experience outside North America, they seemed to have a limited recognition <strong>of</strong><br />

the need for Asian expertise, other than possibly the usefulness <strong>of</strong> local language skills.<br />

With the great influx <strong>of</strong> Asian immigrants in the past decade, a better understanding <strong>of</strong><br />

the cultural dimensions <strong>of</strong> doing business has emerged, at least in the major immigrant<br />

centres <strong>of</strong> Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal. Managers have begun to turn to Asian<br />

Canadians for the extra business expertise they feel they need. However, there seems to<br />

be a widespread misconception about the business skills and connections <strong>of</strong> young Asian<br />

Canadians who have spent most <strong>of</strong> their lives in Canada. As a result, there is a feeling<br />

among at least some locally educated Asian Canadians that they are being pushed into<br />

“Asian expert” roles for which they are not always qualified. Meanwhile, those graduates<br />

who have purposely acquired Asian skills find themselves overlooked by Canadian employers,<br />

both at home and abroad. In a series <strong>of</strong> focus groups organized across Canada last year,<br />

the Asia Pacific Foundation found a surprising number <strong>of</strong> Asian Canadians under the age<br />

<strong>of</strong> 40 who felt they were valued by employers mostly as links to Asian business networks<br />

rather than for the skills they had acquired through years <strong>of</strong> study. 3 They believed this<br />

limited their career opportunities.<br />

HIDDEN ADVANTAGE REVISITED<br />

Six years ago, in a report titled Canada’s Hidden Advantage, the Asia Pacific Foundation<br />

pointed to the failure by many Canadian firms to take advantage <strong>of</strong> the business skills<br />

and connections <strong>of</strong> newly arrived Asian immigrants. 4 The lack <strong>of</strong> Canadian background<br />

and experience <strong>of</strong> these new entrants into our work force was seen by employers as a<br />

barrier to their recruitment to responsible positions, even if they had proven their<br />

business skills overseas. As a result, businesses were missing out on the chance to build<br />

on these connections to develop new markets.<br />

In the years since that report was published, there are signs that business is more widely<br />

recognizing the value <strong>of</strong> Asian immigrants as a bridge into Asian markets, both foreign<br />

and domestic. Many Asian business immigrants have established themselves as consultants,<br />

selling their expertise or connections in various Asian economies. However, the report

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