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NOTES
5. Research by Tamim Bayoumi and Barry Eichengreen has shown that business cycles tend to coincide between
Eastern Canada and Eastern US and between Western Canada and Western and Southwestern US, rather than
between each country as a whole. Tamim Bayoumi and Barry Eichengreen, “Monetary and Exchange Rate
Arrangements for NAFTA,” Journal of Development Economics No. 43 (N.p: 1994), pp. 125-165, as quoted in Courchene
and Harris, From Fixing to Monetary Union. 20 January 2000.
However, their research was carried out on the period 1966-1986, before NAFTA promoted a considerable
increase in integration. While the general principle probably still remains true — that economic links tend to be
especially strong between similar regions of Canada and the US — there is likely a greater correlation between
nationwide economic trends now than in 1986.
6. Asian Development Bank, Emerging Asia: Changes and Challenges (Manila: Asian Development Bank, 1997), p. 11.
7. Asian Development Bank, Emerging Asia, p. 122.
8. A comparative study by accounting firm KPMG last year found that Canada offered the lowest average
business cost for new investment in manufacturing and service industries among G-7 countries. KPMG, The
Competitive Alternatives: A Comparison of Business Costs in North America, Europe and Japan. 20 January 2000.
71
9. “Japan to Push Bilateral Free Trade Scheme in Asia,” Dow Jones International News. 8 January 2000.
10. “Kim Calls for Merger of East Asia, ASEAN: President Stresses Regional Peace, Development,” The Korea
Herald. 4 February 2000.
CHAPTER 5
1. John Manley, Speaking Notes for the Honourable John Manley, Minister of Industry, to the Annual Business Awards Dinner,
October 28, 1999. 6 December 1999.
2. Statistics Canada, Strategies for Success: A Profile of Growing Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (GSMEs) in Canada
(Catalogue No. 61-523E) (Ottawa: Minister of Industry, Science and Technology, 1994), p. 39.
3. The Asia Pacific Foundation organized six focus groups of 12 to 17 participants in Vancouver, Winnipeg,
Toronto and Montreal. Participants were Canadian citizens of Asian heritage, aged under 40, and with a
demonstrated interest or involvement in the Asian Canadian community.
4. Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, Canada’s “Hidden Advantage:” Asian Canadians (Vancouver: Asia Pacific
Foundation of Canada, 1994).
5. In 1993, business visa holders made up 20.5% of total immigrants from the top nine Asian countries of origin.
By 1998, the proportion of business visa holders from the same sources had dropped to 3.2%. Citizenship and
Immigration Canada.
6. Based on conversations and e-mail communication with former students.
7. Carin Holroyd, Canadian Business Opportunities in Japan: Current Realities and Future Prospects (Ottawa: The
Canada-Japan Trade Council, 1999), p. 37.
8. Holroyd, Canadian Business Opportunities in Japan, p. 38.
CHAPTER 6
1. Asian Development Bank, ADB Poverty Reduction Strategy Aims to Rid Region of Extreme Poverty. 21 December 1999.
2. It is estimated that the adoption of a common test for conformity of telecommunications equipment within
APEC has saved the member economies a combined US $50 billion a year. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation,
Eleventh APEC Ministerial Meeting Joint Statement, Auckland, New Zealand, 9-10 September 1999. 17 December 1999.
3. Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern ed., Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21 st
Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).
4. Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern, “Global Public Goods: Concepts, Policies and Strategies,”
Global Public Goods, Kaul, Grunberg, and Stern ed., pp. 494-495.
5. Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern ed., Global Public Goods, Executive Summary. 21 December 1999.