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cautioned that “not every Asian Canadian has the necessary business skills, knowledge<br />

and contacts to expand a company’s trade <strong>with</strong> the Asia-Pacific region.” The recent focus<br />

groups organized by the Foundation suggest that businesses are becoming interested in<br />

using Asian Canadians to develop Asian market contacts. However, some younger Asian<br />

Canadians, who generally have no more business connections than their non-Asian peers,<br />

worry that this quest for “Asian experts” may now be sidetracking their careers. The “hidden<br />

advantage” image is rebounding as a disadvantage for at least some Asian Canadians under<br />

the age <strong>of</strong> 40. At the same time, it is creating an unexpected career hurdle for non-Asian<br />

Canadian management graduates.<br />

Many Asians who emigrated to Canada after 1986, especially business visa holders from<br />

Hong Kong and Taiwan, brought <strong>with</strong> them skills from which they — and established<br />

Canadian businesses — have pr<strong>of</strong>ited. Some <strong>of</strong> these immigrants had business and social<br />

connections which they maintained after emigrating by travelling frequently between<br />

Canada and Asia. However, as time has passed, sources <strong>of</strong> immigration have changed and<br />

the proportion <strong>of</strong> business visa immigrants in the total has declined sharply. 5 Most<br />

importantly, a generation <strong>of</strong> Asian Canadians has grown up <strong>with</strong> little or no first-hand<br />

experience <strong>of</strong> Asia. These are the tens <strong>of</strong> thousands <strong>of</strong> high school, college and university<br />

graduates who may speak (but frequently not read) the Asian language <strong>of</strong> their parents,<br />

but otherwise have had the same experiences as their non-Asian classmates. Canadian<br />

society generally has not yet differentiated its second-generation Asian Canadians from<br />

their parents. One result is that mainstream Canadian business <strong>of</strong>ten assumes these young<br />

people have the same “hidden advantage” — the connections — as first-generation<br />

business immigrants.<br />

55<br />

Young Asian Canadians have had different experiences and hold a different outlook from<br />

first-generation immigrants. Most young Asian Canadians were either born or grew up in<br />

Canada. By birth or ethnicity they may be Asian, but by citizenship and social connections<br />

they are Canadian. They see themselves as embodying two cultures <strong>with</strong>out conflict though,<br />

depending on the context, they will sometimes identify <strong>with</strong> one more than the other.<br />

They can communicate <strong>with</strong> both mainstream and Asian cultures and see themselves as<br />

a bridge between the two — but a cultural, rather than a business, bridge. In contrast,<br />

first-generation Asian Canadians tend to cling to their Asian heritage and the way <strong>of</strong> life<br />

<strong>of</strong> their country <strong>of</strong> birth, even though it may have changed considerably since they left.<br />

They preserve their Asian heritage much more than the second generation because <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

they do not see themselves as bicultural. They do not feel fully integrated, nor see the<br />

need to be. Like many <strong>of</strong> the recent business migrants, they separate their ethnic from<br />

their civic identity. Most <strong>of</strong> them have grown up in an Asian business environment.<br />

Locally educated Asian Canadians appear to choose pr<strong>of</strong>essions outside the areas<br />

traditionally favoured in Asia — arts, literature, political science and law rather than<br />

science, medicine or accounting. In contrast to the generations before them or to recent<br />

business migrants, second-generation immigrants tend to have technical or pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

skills rather than the talents <strong>of</strong> the entrepreneur (perhaps a reflection <strong>of</strong> Canadian society<br />

generally). Many totally lack the “hidden advantage” <strong>of</strong> business connections. Their<br />

social connections may be largely <strong>with</strong>in the Asian-Canadian community, but these friends

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