Pests, Beneficials, Diseases and Disorders of Mangoes - Northern ...

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Incomplete metamorphosis life cycles Incomplete metamorphosis is found in grasshoppers, cockroaches, mayflies, dragonflies, termites, and true bugs. The very young nymphs have no wings but as they moult they develop wing buds. At each moult the wing buds get longer until the adult emerges after the last moult with fully developed wings. Nezara adult Nezara egg raft Mature Nezara Immature Nezara Complete metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis is found in wasps, bees, ants, flies, beetles, cicadas, fleas, butterflies, moths, and others. Eggs hatch into larvae (e.g. caterpillars, maggots or grubs). The larva grows and moults several times before turning into a pupa. In the pupal stage the body is restructured to form the emergent winged adult. adult egg pupa larva 6
Types of feeding Insect mouthparts vary according to what they feed on Piercing needle-like mouthparts for piercing and sucking plant sap. e.g. Aphids, sucking bugs, mealybugs Chewing mouthparts for chewing plant material or boring into wood. e.g. Beetles, caterpillars, grasshoppers and termites Sucking tubes for extracting nectar from plant parts such as flowers. e.g. Butterflies, moths Sponge-like mouthparts for lapping up and absorbing liquid. e.g. Flies, bees 7
Page 1 and 2: Field Guide Pests, Beneficials, Dis
Page 3 and 4: Field Guide to Pests, Beneficials,
Page 5 and 6: Northern Territory Government, Depa
Page 7 and 8: Caterpillars Flower caterpillars...
Page 9 and 10: Fungal diseases Stem End Rot (SER)
Page 11 and 12: What is also important about this g
Page 13 and 14: Telephone enquiries Entomology (Ins
Page 15 and 16: Biology and Life Cycles
Page 17: Class Arachnida mites 4 pairs of l
Page 21 and 22: Pests
Page 23 and 24: Above (L): Larva Above (R): Adult a
Page 25 and 26: BEETLES Above: Damaged seed with pu
Page 27 and 28: Above: Adults Below: Damage showing
Page 29 and 30: Above (L): Rhyparida sp. Above (R):
Page 31 and 32: Above: Adult Below: Fruitlet with d
Page 33 and 34: Above (L): Nymph Above (R): Adult B
Page 35 and 36: Above: Adult Below: Adults on a flo
Page 37 and 38: Above: Adult Below: Spotting damage
Page 39 and 40: Above: Adults (winged) and nymphs I
Page 41 and 42: Above (L): Adult on fruit stalk Abo
Page 43 and 44: Above (L): Noctuidae caterpillar Ab
Page 45 and 46: Above (L): Larvae showing colour va
Page 47 and 48: Above (L): Eggs Above (R top): Imma
Page 49 and 50: Above: Larva Below: Papery ‘blist
Page 51 and 52: Above: Larva and damage to fruit fl
Page 53 and 54: Above (L): Citrus mealybug on stem
Page 55 and 56: Above: Mites on mango leaf bud Inse
Page 57 and 58: Above: Mites feeding on leaf Below:
Page 59 and 60: Above (L): Egyptian fluted scale Ab
Page 61 and 62: Above (L): Scales on leaf Above (R)
Page 63 and 64: Above: Pink wax scales on a leaf wi
Page 65 and 66: TERMITES Above (L): Workers, soldie
Page 67 and 68: Above (L): Thrips larva on flowers
Page 69 and 70:
Above (L): First instar nymphs show
Page 71 and 72:
Above (L): Second instar nymph Abov
Page 73 and 74:
Beneficials
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PREDATORS AND PARASITES ANTS Above:
Page 77 and 78:
PREDATORS AND PARASITES ANTS Above:
Page 79 and 80:
PREDATORS AND PARASITES BEETLES Abo
Page 81 and 82:
PREDATORS AND PARASITES FLIES Above
Page 83 and 84:
PREDATORS AND PARASITES FLIES Above
Page 85 and 86:
PREDATORS AND PARASITES LACEWINGS A
Page 87 and 88:
Above: An adult which has recently
Page 89 and 90:
Above: A praying mantid attempting
Page 91 and 92:
PREDATORS AND PARASITES SPIDERS Abo
Page 93 and 94:
PREDATORS AND PARASITES WASPS Above
Page 95 and 96:
PREDATORS AND PARASITES WASPS Above
Page 97 and 98:
ees POLLINATORS Above: A bush bee f
Page 99 and 100:
flies POLLINATORS Above: Blow fly B
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WASPS POLLINATORS Above (L): Flower
Page 103 and 104:
Diseases
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Above: Close-up of algal leaf spot
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Above (L): Mango leaf anthracnose A
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Above: Advanced stem-end anthracnos
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Above: Pre-harvest anthracnose Belo
Page 113 and 114:
A ripening mango infected with dend
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FUNGAL DISEASES Distorted shoot cau
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Above: Mango scab on foliage Below:
Page 119 and 120:
Pink disease on a mango trunk FUNGA
Page 121 and 122:
Sooty blotch on a stem FUNGAL DISEA
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Above: Sooty mould on leaves Below:
Page 125 and 126:
Stem end rot in a ripe fruit FUNGAL
Page 127 and 128:
Stigmina leaf spot FUNGAL DISEASES
Page 129 and 130:
Bacterial black spot BACTERIAL DISE
Page 131 and 132:
Disorders
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Above: Weeping sap ‘gumming’ on
Page 135 and 136:
Boron toxicity symptoms on leaves s
Page 137 and 138:
Lime toxicity affecting a young tre
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Zinc deficiency in mature leaves sh
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Above: Vertical splitting Below: Ho
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Fruit with over-ripe, jelly-like fl
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Above: Early stage oedema Below: Ad
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Prominent lenticels on mature green
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Above: Resin canal symtoms on matur
Page 151 and 152:
Above: External symptoms showing a
Page 153 and 154:
Acute sunburn on fruit shoulder PHY
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Above: Narrow-elongated leaves caus
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Above (L): Wind abrasion Above (R):
Page 159 and 160:
Above: Early stage of inflorescence
Page 161 and 162:
Above (L): A young tree affected by
Page 163 and 164:
Above: Copper spray damage on leave
Page 165 and 166:
Above: Local sapburn Below: Streaki
Page 167 and 168:
155
Page 169 and 170:
Mango tip borer Mango seed weevil F
Page 171 and 172:
Llewellyn, R. (Editor). (2002). The
Page 173 and 174:
E elongate endophytic epidermis exc
Page 175 and 176:
P petiole leaf stalk photosynthesis
Page 177 and 178:
C Calliphoridae....................
Page 179 and 180:
I J Icerya aegyptiaca..............
Page 181 and 182:
P Pseudaulacaspis nr. cockerelli...
Page 184:
FIELD GUIDE to Pests, Beneficials,
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Pests, Beneficials, Diseases and Disorders of Mangoes - Northern ...

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