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Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 79 Flinders and Twofold Shelf Bioregions Marine Natural Values Study Table 13. Ongoing Research Partner Panel (and RPP-like) research projects implemented in partnership with, or commissioned by, Parks Victoria relevant to Ninety Mile Beach Marine National Park. Ongoing RPP (and RPP-like) Projects University of Melbourne: Kim Millers, Jan Carey, Mick McCarthy Optimising the allocation of resources for defending Marine Protected Areas against invasive species. Multiple Research Partners: Marine Monitoring and Marine Natural Values Deakin University: Gerry Quinn, Jan Barton, Adam Pope Marine Natural Values Reports for the Marine National Parks and Sanctuaries – Version 2. University of Melbourne: Jan Carey Developing Report Cards for the Marine National Parks. Museum Victoria: Mark Norman, Julian Finn, Parks Victoria: Roger Fenwick Under the Lens - Natural History of Victoria’s Marine National Park System. University of Melbourne: Tarek Murshed, Jan Carey, Jacqui Pocklington Conceptual model development for marine habitats. Ongoing Habitat Mapping Projects DSE / DPI / Worley Parsons/ Deakin University LiDAR Mapping Project. Mapping of bathymetry and marine habitats along the Victorian coast 2.2.7 KNOWLEDGE GAPS No new surveys exist for the ecological communities of sandy beaches, intertidal or subtidal soft sediments. There is little data on fish abundances, distributions or interactions. No information exists at present for water column communities. Major threats have been identified for Ninety Mile Beach MNP but we have limited knowledge of the effect on the natural values, particularly ecological communities. 43
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 79 Flinders and Twofold Shelf Bioregions Marine Natural Values Study 2.3 Point Hicks MNP – Twofold Shelf Bioregion Point Hicks is one of three Marine National Parks in the Twofold Shelf bioregion, which also contains Ninety Mile Beach and Cape Howe MNP. Other conservation areas are Gippsland Lakes and Cape Conran Coastal Parks. Point Hicks MNP is approximately 450 km east of Melbourne, 68 km east of Orborst and 25 km south-east of Cann River. It adjoins Point Hicks Lighthouse Reserve and the Croajingolong National Park. It extends offshore to state limits from high water mark along 9.6 km of coastline from two kilometres east of Clinton Rocks to Stable Bay (Figure 17). It includes Whaleback Rock and Sensation Reef. Point Hicks MNP is accessible by a short walk from Point Hicks Road, or less readily by boat (Parks Victoria 2006f). The reef directly below Point Hicks (formerly known as Cape Everard), Whaleback Rock and Satisfaction Reef are the best-known geological features of the park (Parks Victoria 2006f). The area of coast between Point Hicks and Thurra River is a site of State geological and/or geomorphological significance because of its important dune stratigraphic sequence. Aboriginal tradition indicates that the Point Hicks MNP is part of the Country of the Bidawal people and Gunai/Kurnai people and that other Aboriginal people including the Monero- Ngarigo people also have an association with the coastal region of this area (Parks Victoria 2006e). Important natural values of Point Hicks MNP are its granite intertidal and shallow and deep subtidal rocky reefs, sandy shores and open oceans that provide habitat for a diversity of marine flora and fauna species, including sessile invertebrates, algae, fish and transient whales (Parks Victoria 2006f). Shallow rocky reef habitats have varied forms, from flat platform reefs bordered by sand, pinnacles and bombies, gutters, large boulders rising to six metres to clusters of smaller rocks and stones (ECC 2000; Carey et al. 2007b; Edmunds et al. 2010a). They are highly exposed, which is reflected in the types of kelp habitats present (Edmunds et al. 2010a). Deep subtidal reef characteristics have not been fully described (Edmunds et al. 2010a). The MNP also has extensive subtidal soft sediments of variable grainsize, with a low carbonate content (Carey et al. 2007b). Very high faunal species richness, including intertidal and shallow subtidal invertebrates have been recorded in the MNP (ECC 2000). Eastern temperate and southern cosmopolitan species co-occur, as a result of the mixing of warm eastern and cool southern waters (Parks Victoria 2006f). The marine flora and fauna of the subtidal reefs are spectacular with colourful and diverse sessile invertebrates (Carey et al. 2007b). A notable feature are the front reefs and Whaleback Rock, which have high relief gutters of 1 - 15 m and a high area of sessile invertebrate habitat on the vertical walls (O'Hara 2000). An important characteristic of Point Hicks MNP is its canopy forming algae and small understorey algae (ECC 2000; Carey et al. 2007b). The stands of canopy forming algae are generally a mixture of crayweed Phyllospora comosa and common kelp Ecklonia radiata, with the proportions of these two species varying according to the habitat, depth and location (Williams et al. 2007; Edmunds et al. 2010b). The reef beneath the canopy varies from encrusting and erect sponges to small fleshy red algae (Parks Victoria 2003). The Phyllospora invertebrate community includes relatively high abundances of the predatory whelk Cabestana spengleri and the seastar Patiriella calcar, and moderate abundances of blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra and the red bait crab Plagusia chabrus (Parks Victoria 2003; Edmunds et al. 2005; Williams et al. 2007). The herbivorous sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii can remove all erect algae to create ‘urchin barrens’ on the reefs in the MNP (Williams et al. 2007). Fish assemblages at Point Hicks MNP are a mixture of cool southern and warm eastern species. They are dominated by large numbers blue throat wrasse Notolabrus tetricus and 44
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4 Appendix 1 Compilation of species
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Biotic group Family Species Common
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Parks Victoria is responsible for m
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