parks victoria technical series marine natural values study vol 2 ...

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Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 79 Flinders and Twofold Shelf Bioregions Marine Natural Values Study CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... v CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... vi INDEX OF FIGURES AND TABLES ................................................................................. viii FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ viii TABLES .......................................................................................................................... xi ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................... xiii 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Victoria’s Marine Protected Areas ............................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of Report ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Structure ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Methods ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Flinders and Twofold Shelf Bioregions ....................................................................... 4 1.6 Other Victorian Bioregions .......................................................................................... 6 2 Marine National Parks .................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Wilsons Promontory MNP – Flinders Bioregion .......................................................... 8 2.1.1 PHYSICAL PARAMETERS & PROCESSES ...................................................... 9 2.1.2 MARINE HABITAT DISTRIBUTION .................................................................. 12 2.1.3 MARINE ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES .......................................................... 14 2.1.4 SPECIES OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ............................................. 20 2.1.5 MAJOR THREATS............................................................................................ 27 2.1.6 CURRENT RESEARCH AND MONITORING ................................................... 29 2.1.7 KNOWLEDGE GAPS ........................................................................................ 31 2.2 Ninety Mile Beach MNP - Twofold Shelf Bioregion ................................................... 32 2.2.1 PHYSICAL PARAMETERS & PROCESSES .................................................... 33 2.2.2 MARINE HABITAT DISTRIBUTION .................................................................. 34 2.2.3 MARINE ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES .......................................................... 37 2.2.4 SPECIES OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ............................................. 38 2.2.5 MAJOR THREATS............................................................................................ 40 2.2.6 CURRENT RESEARCH AND MONITORING ................................................... 42 2.2.7 KNOWLEDGE GAPS ........................................................................................ 43 2.3 Point Hicks MNP – Twofold Shelf Bioregion ............................................................. 44 2.3.1 PHYSICAL PARAMETERS & PROCESSES .................................................... 45 2.3.2 MARINE HABITAT DISTRIBUTION .................................................................. 47 2.3.3 MARINE ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES .......................................................... 51 2.3.4 SPECIES OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ............................................. 58 2.3.5 MAJOR THREATS............................................................................................ 62 2.3.6 CURRENT RESEARCH AND MONITORING ................................................... 65 2.3.7 KNOWLEDGE GAPS ........................................................................................ 66 2.4 Cape Howe MNP – Twofold Shelf Bioregion ............................................................ 68 vi
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 79 Flinders and Twofold Shelf Bioregions Marine Natural Values Study 2.4.1 PHYSICAL PARAMETERS & PROCESSES .................................................... 69 2.4.2 MARINE HABITAT DISTRIBUTION .................................................................. 72 2.4.3 MARINE ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES .......................................................... 75 2.4.4 SPECIES OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ............................................. 80 2.4.5 MAJOR THREATS............................................................................................ 84 2.4.6 CURRENT RESEARCH AND MONITORING ................................................... 86 2.4.7 KNOWLEDGE GAPS ........................................................................................ 88 3 Marine Sanctuaries ....................................................................................................... 90 3.1 Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary – Twofold Shelf Bioregion ....................................... 90 3.1.1 PHYSICAL PARAMETERS & PROCESSES .................................................... 91 3.1.2 MARINE HABITAT DISTRIBUTION .................................................................. 92 3.1.3 MARINE ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES .......................................................... 95 3.1.4 SPECIES OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ........................................... 103 3.1.5 MAJOR THREATS.......................................................................................... 107 3.1.6 CURRENT RESEARCH AND MONITORING ................................................. 109 3.1.7 KNOWLEDGE GAPS ...................................................................................... 112 SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 113 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 119 APPENDIX 1 .................................................................................................................... 124 APPENDIX 2 .................................................................................................................... 140 vii
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Figure 17. Location map of Point Hi
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Figure 30. Location map of Cape How
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Figure 33. Biota mapping of Cape Ho
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4 Appendix 1 Compilation of species
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Biotic group Family Species Common
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