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Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 79 Flinders and Twofold Shelf Bioregions Marine Natural Values Study is not so abundant (Williams et al. 2007). Blue throat wrasse Notolabrus tetricus and purple wrasse Notolabrus fucicola are generally not very abundant at the MNP, more common is the Maori wrasse Opthalmolepis lineolate (Williams et al. 2007). The striped mado, damselfish species, eastern hulafish Trachinops taeniatus or yellow tail mackerel Trachurus novaezelandiae can be numerically dominate at individual sites (Williams et al. 2007). The damsel fishes, white ear Parma microlepis and the one-spot puller Chromis hypsilepis occur together predominantly in ‘urchin barrens’ (Williams et al. 2007). The plankton feeding striped mado is typically highly abundant on reefs in eastern Australia. Large long-finned pike Dinolestes lewini occurs widely on the shallow subtidal reefs of Cape Howe MNP (Williams et al. 2007). In waters > 10 m the velvet leatherjacket Meuschenia scaber and butterfly perch Caesioperca lepidoptera are common over both reef and sediment covered reef (Moore et al. 2008). Also associated with these habitats are white ear, Maori wrasse, six-spined leatherjacket Meuschenia freycineti and the blue morwong Nemadactylus douglasii (Moore et al. 2009). The eastern blue grouper Achoerodus viridis is strongly associated with solid reef and boulders (Moore et al. 2009). The green moray Gymnothorax prasinus is found only in reef with high topographic complexity as it needs the crevices and holes as refuges during the day (Moore et al. 2009). Water column The water column as a whole is the largest habitat in the MNP and is important in different ways for many organisms including for transit or as a permanent home for particular stages of their life cycle. Organisms that use the water column environment can be broadly grouped into two categories based on mode of movement: either pelagic (actively swimming) or planktonic (drifting with the current). Larger species are often planktonic during early life stages before becoming pelagic as they grow. Smaller species tend to be planktonic but can influence their movement to some extent by controlling their height in the water column. Organisms that make their permanent home in the water column include sea jellies, salps, many fish, and both phytoplankton and zooplankton. Planktonic organisms play an important role in nutrient cycling, dispersal of species and providing food for larger animals, both within the MNP and more broadly in the marine environment. The water column is also used by fish, invertebrates and algae for transport and food (and other resources like oxygen). Parks Victoria does not currently monitor the water column as a habitat (Power and Boxshall 2007). As described in the following section a wide variety of seabirds, mammals and reptiles are found in the waters of Cape Howe MNP. Figure 35. Shell fragment dominated soft sediment and an erect sponge providing habitat for many invertebrates and fish in 105 m depth in Cape Howe Marine National Park, one of the deepest known parts of Victorian coastal waters. 79
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 79 Flinders and Twofold Shelf Bioregions Marine Natural Values Study Figure 36. A bed of the green algae Caulerpa with encrusted shells on sandy sediments in Cape Howe Marine National Park. 2.4.4 SPECIES OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE The approach of managing MNPs for their marine ecological communities, rather than threatened species, is also likely to protect and enhance threatened species populations (Power and Boxshall 2007). Whole-of-habitat management may also result in the protection of species not yet identified because of their rarity or cryptic nature (Power and Boxshall 2007). Flora No conservation listed marine flora has been recorded in Cape Howe MNP (Parks Victoria 2006c). Fish The eastern blue groper Achoerodus viridis is present in low numbers in Cape Howe MNP. It is threatened by over fishing and a temporary protection from all fishing in Victoria was introduced in April 2011. Birds Thirty-eight conservation listed shore or sea birds have been sighted in or in the immediate surrounds of Cape Howe MNP (Table 23). Twenty-six are recognized as threatened in Victoria, listed under the FFG Act 1988 or the Victorian Rare or Threatened Species (VROTS) list. The Australasian bittern and wandering albatross are regarded as endangered and grey-tailed tattler as critically endangered at the state level. Six birds are listed at both the state and national level, vulnerable nationally under the EPBC Act 1999. Twenty-four birds are recognized internationally under the Australia Migratory Bird Agreement with either 80
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Page 139 and 140: 4 Appendix 1 Compilation of species
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Parks Victoria is responsible for m
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