4th National Report to CBD - NRE

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4 th National Report There is a dedicated programme under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE) to document traditional knowledge. Its first phase covering traditional knowledge (TK) in Peninsular Malaysia is envisaged to end in 2010. This includes collating existing databases that are based in sectoral agencies, research institutions and universities. It also includes documenting TK that has not been documented. In addition to the database, one of its main outputs is a national action plan on TK. The government is also planning to establish a Traditional Knowledge Digital Library. The Ministry of Health has initiated efforts to document medicinal plants and compile related databases of traditional and complementary medicine programmes. These are documented in the website – Global Information Hub on Integrated Medicine (GLOBINMED) 25 . • Target 9.2. Protect the rights of indigenous and local communities over their traditional knowledge, innovations and practices, including their rights to benefit-sharing. The National Policy on Biological Diversity, through its first strategy to improve scientific knowledge base provides policy guidance on this matter. The government is preparing a legal framework dedicated to the Protection of Traditional Knowledge, through the draft Access and Benefits Sharing (ABS) law. Goal 10. Ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of genetic resources. • Target 10.1. All access to genetic resources is in line with the Convention on Biological Diversity and its relevant provisions. • Target 10.2. Benefits arising from the commercial and other utilisation of genetic resources shared in a fair and equitable way with the countries providing such resources in line with the Convention on Biological Diversity and its relevant provisions Strategies 2 & 9 of the National Policy on Biological Diversity provide policy guidance on the implementation of this goal. At the moment in Peninsular Malaysia, the Economic Planning Unit has a set guideline for conducting research. In terms of biodiversity research involving foreign institutions and individuals, this guideline is in line with the CBD requirements on ABS. Various implementing agencies also have guidelines and regulations on access to genetic resources. A national legislation on ABS is envisaged to be in place in 2010, which is based on guidance from the decisions of CBD. 25 http://www.globinmed.com/IMRContent/default.aspx (viewed March 2009). 32
4 th National Report Goal 11. Parties have improved financial, human, scientific, technical and technological capacity to implement the Convention. • Target 11.1. New and additional financial resources are transferred to developing country Parties, to allow for the effective implementation of their commitments under the Convention, in accordance with Article 20. • Target 11.2. Technology is transferred to developing country Parties, to allow for the effective implementation of their commitments under the Convention, in accordance with its Article 20, paragraph 4. The above targets are not applicable to Malaysia. Based on the experience as a recipient country, it is suggested that financial resources that are allocated to develop and implement projects are considered based on the host country’s level of priority and needs, instead of solely based the interest or priorities of the sponsoring countries or organisations. 1.5 Main Threats to Biodiversity This section discusses the general threats to biodiversity in various states in Malaysia. These threats are addressed by the implementation of policies and guidelines, and enforcement laws (please refer to chapters 2 and 3). Efforts are in place by relevant agencies to identify and address the emerging threats such as invasive alien species and climate change. The threats to biodiversity in Malaysia could be grouped into the following: • Threats to ecosystems: land development, pollution, encroachment, climate change, invasive alien species. • Threats to species: poaching and collection, invasive alien species. • Indirect threats: climate change. The following are some of the drivers of these threats: • Economic growth. • Demand for food and agricultural products. • Demand for goods and services. • Demand for exotic (wild) meat, traditional and herbal remedies. • Demand for wild flora as pets, and wild ornamental plants. • Tourism in pristine areas. The following table presents the main threats and impacts to biodiversity by thematic areas (see Table 21). 33
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4th National Report to CBD - NRE

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